French Revolution Why did the French Revolution occur?

French RevolutionWhy did the French Revolution occur?

King Louis XVIMarried age 15Crowned age 19IntrovertedUninterested in government

Queen Marie AntoinettePrincess and Archduchess of the Hapsburgs house of Austria Married at age 14Lavish in dress Madame DeficitScandals

GovernmentGeneral Estates-First Estate-Roman Catholic clergy (1% pop.)Second Estate-Nobility (2% of pop.)Third Estate (97 %) -Bourgeoisie, Artisans, PeasantsBourgeoisie-Middle class people (Doctors, Lawyers, Merchants)

EstatesClergyNobles5-10% Owned 25% of landBourgeoisieArtisansPeasants

Owned 40% of land

Causes of French RevolutionCausesSeven Years War (King Louis XV) (French and Indian War)

National debt

Enlightenment ideas- Social ContractJohn Locke Jean-Jacques Rousseau

CausesCausesAmerican RevolutionCrop failuresBread Shortages

King Louis XVI calls Estates GeneralNeeds money for debtEstates General must vote

The National Assembly B2June 17, 1789Third Estates created new governing body

Tennis Court Oath--Wrote Constitution

Storming the BastilleBastille-Prison in Paris Symbol of monarchs power.

July 14, 1789 riot and took over the BastilleCommon People Sign King was losing powerThe Great FearRebellion spreads to the countryside

Womens CryWomen's march on Versailles mobbed and armedFighting for breadForced King to return to Paris and deal with the people

Stop

Declaration of the Rights of ManSlogan of French Revolution: Liberty, Equality, Fraternity-RousseauModeled after U.S. Declaration of IndependenceReadWritten by Marquis de Lafayette with help of Thomas Jeffersonhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wXsZbkt0yqo

Church and StateNational Assembly confiscates and sells off church lands to pay for government debt

Civil Constitution of the ClergyClergy elected Government employees

Weakens power of Catholic Church

The Almost Great EscapeRoyal Family attempts to escape France

Caught near the boarder at Varennes, Fr.

Call for HelpDeclaration of Pillnitz -Austria and Prussia willing to aide French royal familyAustrian Emperor Leopold II is Queens brother

French response: Declared war on Austria

What did the European countries fear?

What to do with the King?Quick Write 2 minutesReview the ideas debated last weekShare out

September MassacresAug 1792Paris mobs attack and kill nobles and priests whom they accused of political crimes

Radicals take over the National AssemblyCall for new constitution

New ConstitutionConstitutional monarchy

Factions* (Define) within the AssemblyRoyalist (emigres)-nobles wanted to restore monarchySans Culottes (those without knee breeches) common people upper middle class Bourgeoisie who wanted to have influence within the government (Radicals/mobs)

The French RepublicNational Convention (Sept. 1792)

Wrote first democratic constitutions (another one)Monarchy abolishedExtend vote to all males with or without property

Metric system

New calendar

FactionsJacobins vs. Girondists

Girondists moderates, felt Revolution went too farMiddle class

Jacobins radicalMountains most radical JacobinsCalls for the execution of the King

Political Leaders

Maximilien RobespierreJacobinLawyerMost Controversial figure of the French RevolutionNational Convention: Committee of Public Safety

Marquis de Lafayette GirondistMilitary commander in America during American Revolution

Wrote: Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens

Political Leaders

Georges Danton-Jacobin New Republics: Minister of Justice

Jean-Paul MaratJacobinNational Convention memberFriend of the People public paper

Hated by Girondists

OFF WITH HIS HEAD!Jan. 1793 King Louis XVI was beheaded

Tried before the National Convention and convicted of conspiring against the liberty of the nation

The Reign of Terror

WARFrance vs. Austria, Prussia, Great Britain, Holland, Spain (1793)National Convention instituted draft 18-25 armyFirst draft on European continent

1796 French armies commanded by young Napoleon Bonaparte

Reign of TerrorRevolution gone bad!

The Committee of Public SafetyCreated by National ConventionDutiesDraft people into the armyFamous Leaders : Danton, Marat, Robespierre

Robespierreused committee to get rid of enemies of the cause

Took control of National Convention so The Committee of Public Safety had more power

Dictator power

Reign of TerrorJuly 1793-July 1794 Committee Public SafetyLead by Robespierre

GuillotinedEnemies of the Republic40,000+ people executed DantonMarie Antoinette

Jean Paul MaratJacobinSpoke out with Friend of the People

Killed in his bathtubStabbed by Charlotte Corday GirondistWas guillotined for death of Marat

Terror turns inwardDantonCharged with trying to over throw the government

Charged by radicals

Giullotined

Robespierre and followers guillotinedArrested and convicted by the National Convention

Public Safety committee dismantledJacobin clubs closed

Napoleon

The Directory 1795-1799New Legislative body The DirectoryTwo house parliamentExecutive head 5 menNew ConstitutionOnly upper middle class men could vote only 20,000 men

Army put down riots under leadership of Napoleon

Napoleon BonaparteCommander of French forces fighting the Austrians in Italymoved up through the ranksMarriage helped his status

Improved soldiers conditionsGains soldiers support

Coup d etatBackgroundNapoleon in Egypt fighting the BritishDefeated at the Battle at the NileFlees back to ParisHeros welcome the peopleCoupNapoleon and armed soldiers march into the Directory kick out legislatorsThe new Reign beginnings

Napoleons France1799 Napoleons DictatorshipRestoring OrderNapoleon appoints officersBank of FranceEveryone pays taxesMade business loansControlled inflation Created SchoolsSecondary schools, Technical schools, Universities(step towards public schools)

Napoleons FranceNapoleonic Code-Enlightenment ideas that all citizens were equal before the lawReligious toleranceState more important than the individualLimited freedom of speechCensorshipWomens rights limited (Men were head of house)

Napoleons FranceThe ChurchMade peace with Catholic ChurchNapoleon still appointed bishops and paid clergyPope forgave taken church lands

Emperor Napoleon1804 named himself EmperorCrowned himself

Road to Napoleonic Europe France vs. Great Britain, Austria, Spain, Italy, (Russia)Trade, ports, and economicsconquered: Spain, Italy, GermanyAttempts: Russia and Great Britain Lessons not learned from History are bound to be repeated-Who did not learn their history?

Napoleons Down FallNapoleonic Wars 1799-1815French fighting since Declaration of War on Austria in 1792Invasion of Russia600,000 soldiers from all over EuropeRussia Scorched Earth policyRussian Winter, no food, no shelter400,000 soldiers die (wounds, starvation, exposure)

Napoleons Down FallMarch 1814 Napoleon forced to surrenderForeign monarchs return France to King Louis XVIII (brother of Louis XVI)

Napoleon exiled to Elba, off ItalyRaises an army and comes back as EmperorDefeated at Waterloo, by British Exiled to the island of Saint Helena under house arrest Dies 1821

You Decide

Napoleon Tyrant or Unifier?