Friendly Warning :Test # 2 next Week

(Thursday) 19 July 2012

Covers “1950s”:Chapters 2 & 3

Chapter 3 Overview• 1959 – 1963 : “End” of Rock ‘n Roll until the “British

Invasion” (Beatles, etc.)• Return to old-fashioned marketing (Tin Pan Alley)

- market segmentation into teenyboppers and older• “Brill Building” - Aldon Music

- Sedaka, King, Weil & Mann, Barry & Greenwich, etc.- Manufactured “talent” (Avalon, Fabian, etc.)- Rise of the Producer (Phil Spector, etc.)

• “Soul” Music – R & B goes mainstream• Rockabilly goes Pop• Surf Music from California• Folk Music influences – politics & social issues

Brill Building• North end of Times Square• Aldon Music locates here• “Vertical integration” of

- songwriting- demos- publishing- recording & distribution

• Producers in charge• Songwriting to order• Girl Groups

1619 Broadway

Brill Building Sound (early ‘60s)• King & Goffin :

YouTube - THE SHIRELLES-WILL U STILL LOVE ME TOMORROW (1960)

• King & Goffin : YouTube - Little Eva The Locomotion (1962)

• Sedaka & Howie Greenfield: Stupid Cupid Connie Francis - YouTube

• Ellie Greenwich & Jeff Barry : The Ronettes - YouTube

• Ronald Mack (manager, not a songwriter) : THE CHIFFONS (HIGH QUALITY) - HE'S SO FINE *Different version* - YouTube (1963, pop #1) (rejected by Capitol records as “too trite…too simple”)

Carole King (b. 1942) & Gerry Goffin (b. 1939)

Neil Sedaka (b. 1939)

Howie Greenfield (1936-86)

(Jerry) Lieber and (Mike) Stoller• R & B composers/producers

• Numerous crossover hits (“Hound dog”, “Kansas City”)

• “We thought we were black….”

• “….we write records”

• Musical stories in well produced formats (first for R&B)

• Ex. The Coasters - Charlie Brown - YouTube

• Ex. YouTube - Down in Mexico by The Coasters (text, p. 129)The Coasters

Phil Spector(b. 1939)

• Session musican/composer• Producer as “star”• “Wall of Sound”• Examples

- Da Doo Ron Ron by The Crystals (Lyrics) – YouTube

- YouTube - The Ronettes - Be My Baby (Lip sync)- The Crystals - Then He Kissed Me (1963) – YouTube

• Recently……

Convicted of 2nd degree murder (2009)

“You’ve Lost That Lovin’ Feelin’”• Composed by Cynthia Mann,

Barry Weill, Phil Spector

• “too slow, too long”- “3:05” on label(over 3:45 on air)

• Bridge changes mood!?

• # 1 in 1965 (US), # 1 in UK in 1965, 1969, 1990)

• YouTube - Righteous Brothers You've Lost That Lovin' Feelin' (45 RPM)

• BMI: “Most played song of the 20th Century”

The Righteous Brothers (Medley

and Hatfield)

R&B Before “Soul”• Nate King Cole (1919-1965)

- jazz pianist & singer- Ex. NAT KING COLE - SEND FOR ME– YouTube (pop # 6)

• Johnny Mathis (b. 1935)- “pop” singer (“romantic” album)- Ex. Johnny Mathis - Chances Are– YouTube (1957, Pop # 1)

• Ray Charles (1930-2004)- R&B, Country, Gospel, etc.- Ex. Ray Charles - I Got A Woman –YouTube (1955 R&B #1)- Cf. The Southern Tones "It Must Be Jesus“954 Duke 205 Gospel Series – YouTube

“Sweet Soul”• Born Mississippi

- son of Baptist Minister (w/ 8 children)- Gospel singer from about age of nine

• The Soul Stirrers (founded 1926, Texas)- leading Gospel Quartet- Cooke joins c. 1940- The Soul Stirrers Featuring Sam Cooke - He'll Make A Way – YouTube (C.1954)- Soul Stirrers-Be with me, jesus – YouTube(1955)- The Soul Stirrers - Wonderful (Sam Cooke) – YouTube (1956)

• Move to Secular/Popular (c. 1956/57)- first recordings under pseudonyms- YouTube - Sam Cooke - You Send Me (# 1on Pop and R&B)- SAM COOKE- "CHAIN GANG" – YouTube- Sam Cooke Twistin' the Night Away lyrics – YouTube

- YouTube - Sam Cooke Tribute (mix of excerpts w/ history)

Sam Cooke(1931-64)

Doo Wop• Drifters (Doo Wop vocal group)

- backup to Clyde McPhatter (since 1953)- group “fired” 1958

• (New) Drifters formed 1958/59- Ben E. King as lead vocals

• Examples- Ben E. King and The Drifters - There Goes My Baby – YouTube (1959)- YouTube - The Drifters - Up On The Roof (1963)- THE DRIFTERS-ON BROADWAY. – YouTube (1953)

• Ben E. King- fired from Drifters - Ben E King - Spanish Harlem – YouTube- YouTube - Ben E. King - Stand by me (note circular harmonies: I-vi-IV-V)

The Drifters (original group)

The Drifters (replacements)