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From Human Prehistory to the Early Civiliza6ons

From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

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Page 1: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

FromHumanPrehistorytotheEarlyCiviliza6ons

Page 2: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Objec6ves

•  Explorenewhistoryconcepts•  Understandthefirsthumanciviliza6onsandtheirdevelopmentduringthePrehistoricEra.

•  Comprehendthedifferencesbetweeneachera.

Page 3: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Prehistoric=theperiodof6meinthepastbeforepeoplecouldwrite:the6mebeforehistorywaswriFendown.

Archeology=thescien6ficstudyofmaterialremains(asfossilrelics,ar6facts,andmonuments)ofpasthumanlifeandac6vi6es.

Anthropology=thescienceofhumanbeings;especially:thestudyofhumanbeingsandtheirancestorsthrough6meandspaceandinrela6ontophysicalcharacter,environmentalandsocialrela6ons,andculture.

Page 4: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Over10,000yearsago…•  Yucca-basedfire-starkerkit

(Neolithic)–  HavebeenfoundacrossAmericanSouthwest.

–  SendusanumberofmessagesaboutearlyworldHistory.(Earlymenandwomenweretoolsusers)

–  EarlyCiviliza6oncraPedstonesorselectedbranchesasweapons,utensilsandtoolsthatcouldbeusedto:•  Wardoffanimalsandhuman

enemies.•  Hunt•  Trap•  Fish•  Preparedfood

–  Thesecapacitytofashiontoolsdis6nguisheshumanbeingsfromallotheranimalsaswellasfirecrea6on.

Page 5: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

HumanSpecies•  HumanspeciesoriginatedfromAfrica.Thanksto

migra6on,humanshavespreadaroundtheareabytheneedtofindscarcefood,expandingthehumanspeciestootherterritories.

•  Nomad:–  “Amemberofabarbariangroupofpeoplewhomovefromplacetoplaceinsteadoflivinginoneplaceallthe:me.”-MerriamWebsterDic6onary

– Nomadicsocie6esdifferedfromhunter-gatherersandfromagriculturalgroup,butwouldplayakeyinworldHistory.

Page 6: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

PaleolithicEra

•  Paleolithic–  TheOldStoneAgeendingin12,000B.C.E.;typifiedbyuseofcrude

stonetoolsandhun6ngandgatheringforsubsistence.

–  Mostofthe2millionplusyearsduringwhichourspecieshasexistedaredescribedbythetermofPaleolithic.

–  Humanslearnedonlysimpletooluse.(shaperocksands6cksforhun6ngandwarfare)

•  Homosapienssapiens–  Thehumanoidspeciesthatemergedasmostsuccessfulattheendof

thePaleolithicperiod.

–  Originatedabout120,000yearsagoinAfrica.

Page 7: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

PaleolithicPeopleTheygraduallyimprovedtheirtoolusebeginningwiththecrudeshapingofstoneandwoodenimplements.•  Communica)on

–  Thedevelopmentofspeechallowedmoregroupcoopera6onandthetransmissionoftechnicalknowledge.

–  Itprovidedrichlanguageandsymbolsfortransmissionofcultureanditsgrowingsophis6ca6on.

•  By the later Paleolithic period: –  peoplehaddevelopedritualsto

lessenthefearofdeathandcreatedcavepain6ngtoexpressasenseofnature’sbeautyandpower.

•  Theuseoffireandanimalskinsforclothing,facilitatedthespreadofPaleolithicgroups.

Cavepain6nginLascaux,France

Page 8: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences
Page 9: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Representa6onofWomeninEarlyArt

•  dd

FromCatalHüyüksite.VenusofLaussel25,000B.C.E.

Page 10: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Whatmightithaverepresented?.

Page 11: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences
Page 12: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences
Page 13: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

EndingPeriod

•  Themel6ngofthelastsheetoficeduringthePaleolithicPeriodendsandwithit,endssocie6esbasedonhun6ngandgathering.

•  Thisprovokedfer6lelandsthathelptobringadvancementsinsocietyoftheNeolithicPeriod.

•  Therefore,thehumankindremainedinoneplaceandstaredtodevelopthecapacityofdomes6cateanimalsanbegantofarm.Thankstothisdras6cchange,civiliza6onsbegan!

Page 14: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

NeolithicAge

•  TheNewAgeStonebetween8000and5000B.C.E.;periodinwhichadapta6onofsedentaryagricultureoccurred;domes6ca6onofplantsandanimalsaccomplished..

•  NeolithicRevolu6oncenteredonthedevelopmentofagriculture.

Page 15: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Agriculture:•  Isthescience,art,orprac6ceofcul6va6ngthesoil,producingcrops,andraisinglivestockandinvaryingdegreestheprepara6onandmarke6ngoftheresul6ngproducts.

Thankstoagriculture,humanbeingswereabletoseFleinoneplaceandfocusonapar6cular

economic,poli6cal,andreligiousgoalsandac6vi6es.

Page 16: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

NeolithicRevolu6on

•  Itscenteredonthedevelopmentofagriculture.•  Thesuccessionoftechnologicalinnova6onsandchangersinhumanorganiza6onthatledtodevelopmentofagriculture,8500-3500B.C.E.

HunAngandgathering–  Theoriginalhumaneconomy,ul6matelyeclipsedbyagriculture;groupshuntformeatandforageforgrains,nut,andberries.

Page 17: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences
Page 18: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

Title:Prehistoryhomeworkac6vityInstruc6ons:inthenotebookthestudentwillanswerthefollowques6onsincompletesentences:

1.  Whatdoesprehistorymean?2.  Whatarethree(3)characteris6csofthePaleolithicAge?

3.  Whattype(s)ofevidencedohistorianshavetoverifythateventsinprehistoryactuallyoccurred?

4.  TheStoneAgeistheprehistoricalerainwhichhistoriansbelievethathumansbegantheprac6ceoffarmingandagriculture.Whichprehistoriceraismostcloselyassociatedwithagriculturaldevelopment?

5.  Whataremodernhumanscalled?6.  WhatwastheNeolithicAge?

7.  Whatwasitthatallowedforthetransi6onfromthePaleolithicAgetotheNeolithicAge?

8.  Cri6calAnalysis:1.  AnalyzingthePrehistoryArt,whichcouldbethedereferences

betweenprehistoricwomenvs.contemporarywomen?Why?

1.  The6meperiodbeforewri6ng/recordingofevents.

2.  Hun6ngandgathering,Nomadic,uncivilized.

3.  Tools,pictures,fossils,utensils

4.  Neolithic5.  HomoSapiensSapiens6.  NewStoneAge7.  AgriculturalRevolu6on

Page 19: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

BronzeAge•  Thediscoveryofmetaltoolsdatesbacktoabout4000

B.C.E.Copperwasthefirstmetalwithwhichpeoplelearnedhowtowork,althoughthemoreresilientmetal,bronze,soonenteredthepicture.Infact,thenextbasicageofhumanexistencewastheBronzeAge.

•  Byabout3000B.C.E.,metalworkinghadbecomesocommonplaceontheMiddleEastthatuseofstonetoolsdissipated,andthelongstoneageswereoveratlast-although,ofcourse,anessen6allyNeolithictechnologypersistedinmanypartoftheworld,evenamongsomeagriculturalpeople.

•  Metaluse:–  Wasextremelyusefultoagriculturalorherdingsocie6es.–  Weapons(superiortothosemadefromstoneandwood)–  Manufacturingar6sans

Page 20: From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons · From Human Prehistory to the Early Civilizaons Objecves ... their development during the Prehistoric Era. • Comprehend the differences

•  ArchaeologistsclassifytheperiodsfollowingtheIceAgeintothreecategories:theStoneAge,theBronzeAge,andtheIronAge.