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From Nationalism to Sectionalism

Chapter 3, section 1

Nationalism and Domestic Policy

New sense of nationalism Economy growing rapidly

“Era of Good Feelings” McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Chief Justice John Marshall sided with national government on issue of national bank

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Gave national government

sole right to regulate interstate commerce (trade between states)

Nationalism and Foreign Policy

Adams-Onis Treaty US acquired Florida and

established boundary between Louisiana Purchase and Spanish territory

Allowed American settlers to travel to Oregon for 10 years

Monroe Doctrine Declared the Americas off-

limits to European colonization

Could view further colonization “as dangerous to our peace and safety”

Missouri Compromise

Missouri petitioned to become state Would upset balance of

slave states and free states (11 each)

Missouri Compromise allowed MO to come in as a slave state with Maine which was a free state

Banned slavery in northern part of Louisiana Territory

Sectionalism (belief in a region being more important than the whole) began to emerge

Age of Jackson

Jackson ran in a close election and lost to John Quincy Adams

Eventually decided in the House of Representatives

Jackson created the Democratic Party and won the next election because Adams was unpopular

Indian Removal Act Called for relocation of five

Indian nations to Indian Territory (west of Mississippi River)

Trail of Tears National Bank

Created to regulate state banks Jackson opposed because

thought Constitution didn’t give Congress the authority to create it

State banks made it easier for poor people to get loans

Jackson ordered secretary of treasury to take money out of national bank and deposit into state banks that were conveniently loyal to him

States Rights

Controversy over powers of federal government vs. state government

10th Amendment Northern states and Southern

states clashed over tariffs on foreign goods

Northern states liked the tariffs to make northern goods more competitive, but Southerners didn’t like paying more

“Nullification Crisis” when South Carolina rejected the new tariffs and threatened to secede if government tried to enforce

Jackson tried to use military force to collect, but Henry Clay worked out compromise to reduce tariffs for 10 years

The Industrial North

Mid-1700s to mid-1800s Industrial Revolution

Steam engines and machines for textiles created in Britain

Made it illegal to leave the country or export a machine

Samuel Slater brought machines to America

Urbanization in the North Roads, canals, railroads all

sprung up Telegraph was patented by

Samuel Morse Sends messages using

electricity through wires Instant communication

Cotton and the South

Eli Whitney’s cotton gin made large-scale cotton production possible Separated the seeds from

the cotton Textile industry in the

North bought cotton to weave into cloth

Demand from Great Britain for cotton

Slavery grew 1810: 1 million slaves 1840: 2.5 million 1/3 of South’s population