FUELING THE FIRECauses of the Civil War

Intro Video

SECTIONALISM

Sectionalism Sectionalism: Loyalty to a specific section of the country rather than to the nation as a whole

Causes of Sectionalism: •Westward Expansion• “Cotton King” in the South• Industrial Revolution• Conflicting economic and political interests between the North and the South

STATES’ RIGHTS

States’ Rights

States’ Rights: Right of the state to limit the power of the Federal government • States’ Rights was found primarily in the

South

Nullification: State trying to declare a Federal law unconstitutional

NULLIFICATION CRISIS

Nullification Crisis

•Tariff of 1828 and 1832 helped the Northern factories at the expense of the Southern farmers

John C Calhoun (South Carolina)

Daniel Webster (Mass.)

Led the fight to get rid of the tariff, South Carolina threatened to secede

Disagreed with Calhoun and states’ rights

Two View Points

NULLIFICATION CRISIS

Nullification Crisis

•John C. Calhoun and South Carolina threatened to secede if the tariff was not cancelled •However, compromise was reached

SLAVERY

Slavery •North and the South had differing viewpoints on slavery:

Northern Perspective Southern Perspective

•Slavery was a moral issue•Slavery was evil•If slavery was not abolished, it could bring God’s judgment

•Slavery was an economic necessity•Slavery was a way of life for the South and part of their society

SLAVERY

Slavery •The North and the South felt it was very important to keep the number of slave and free states equal as new states were being admitted in to the Union•Neither side wanted the other side to have more power in Congress

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

Missouri Compromise

•Missouri applied for statehood as a slave state•BUT, if Missouri joined as a slave state, the South would have more representatives in Congress

MISSOURI COMPROMISE

Missouri Compromise

•Henry Clay came up with a solution:

Missouri Compromise, 1820

1. Maine would be admitted as a free state2. Missouri would be admitted as a slave state3. Congress drew an imaginary line at the

Southern border of Missouri (36’30’’ latitude) and there could be no slavery above that line in the rest of the Louisiana Territory ONLY

COMPROMISE OF 1850

Compromise of 1850

•Missouri Compromise was only for the Louisiana Territory, now another compromise had to be made for the other territories

Compromise of 1850

1. California is admitted as a free state2. Harsher fugitive slave law would be

created3. Mexican Cession divided into New

Mexico and Utah and voters would get to vote on the issue of slavery

Pearson Video

UNCLE TOM’S CABIN

Uncle Tom’s Cabin

•Uncle Tom’s Cabin: Book written by Harriet Beecher Stowe, in 1852, that dramatized the cruelties of slavery

•Effect of Book:• Emotionally effected readers• Created widespread anti-slavery support in the North

DRED SCOTT DECISIONDred Scott Decision

•The Story: Scott moved with his owner from a slave state to a free state. When his owner died, Scott sued for his freedom

•The Supreme Court Decided: 1. Slaves were not citizens so they could not

bring a lawsuit to court2. Slaves were property3. Congress could not ban slavery from the

territories4. The Missouri Compromise, which banned

slavery in certain territories, was UNCONSTITUTIONAL

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTKansas Nebraska Act

•Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854: Kansas and Nebraska would use popular sovereignty (voting) to determine slavery in their state•This act pleased Southerners but made Northerners very angry

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTKansas Nebraska Act of 1854

•Bleeding Kansas in 1856: Settlers from the North and the South rushed to Kansas so they could vote, violence broke out in Kansas between proslavery settlers and anti-slavery settlers

Cause: Kansas-

Nebraska Act of 1854

Effect: Bleeding Kansas in

1856

Video

KANSAS-NEBRASKA ACTElection of 1860

•Sectional political parities developed between the North and the South• North: Republican• South: Democrat

•Election of 1860: Abe Lincoln, first Republican President, was elected

•Feeling threatened by Lincoln, Southern states began seceding from the Union