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VENoMYC "Functional Genomics" Workshop Wellcome Trust Conference Centre Cambridge UK

Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

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Page 1: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Functional Genomics

Workshop

Wellcome Trust Conference Centre

Cambridge UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Introduction

Please see below some important information regard ing the next two days

Sunday Welcome Dinner The Welcome ReceptionDinner will be heId in the Hall Restaurant at 7pm

Conference Meeting Room Al sessions will be in the James Watson Pavilion in the conference centre

Social Events A historical tour of Cambridge with particular refe rence to sites of scientific interest has been arranged for Monday afternoon at 4pm This wil be followed by a reception at St Johns Colfege and dinner in the Wordsworth Rooms of St Johns

Conference Gala Dinner The Conference Gala Dinner will be held in the Hall Restaurant on Tuesday at 7pm

Dietary Requirements Any special dietary requirements have been passed onto the caterers - please make yourself known to the catering staff

Accommodation If you have any problems with your room please go to the main Reception

You must vacate your room by 0900 on Wednesday morning

Taxis If you require a taxi at anytime during the conference please go to the main Reception and the staft there will be happy to arrange this for you

Approximate taxi prices

-Cambridge - Hinxton f20

-Stansted - Hinxton f35

-Luton - Hinxton f55

-London City - Hinxton f65

-Heathrow - Hinxton f85

-Gatwick - Hinxton f105

1

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Outllna Programme

Time Event

Sunday 16th September

1830 - 1900

1900 - 1945

1945 - 2100

Registration

Welcome Drinks Reception

Buffet Dinner in the Hall Restaurant

Monday 17th Sejltember

0800 - 0845

0845 - 900

0900 - 1030

1030 - 11 00

11 00 -1230

1230 -1400

1400 - 1530

1530 - 1600

1600

1630 -1800

1800 -1915

1930 - 21 45

2150

Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

Opening Remarks

Session I Pathogen genomics in the James Watson Pavilion

Morning Coffee

Presentations in the James Watson Pa vilion

Lunch in the Hall Restaurant

Session II Host Genomics in the James Watson Pa vilion

Afternoon Coffee

Pick Up from The Conference Centre

Historical Tour of Cambridge

Drinks Reception at St Johns College

Dinner in the Wordsworth Rooms

Coach Pick up

I

Tuesday 18th September

0800 - 0845

0900 - 1030

1030 - 11 00

11 00shy 1230

1230 - 1400

1400 -1530

1530 - 1600

1600 - 1700

1700

1900 - 22 00

Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

Session III Technology - State of the Art in the James Watson Pavilion

Morning Coffee

Tour of Sanger Institute

Lunch in the Hall Restaurant

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction in the James Watson Pa viion

Afternoon Coffee

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (Continued) in the James Watson Pa vilion

Closing Remarks

Conference Gala Dinner

2

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre is an outstanding venue offering world-class facilities for conferences of all kinds It provides delegates with state-of-the-art conference technologies in a delightful rural idyll

Leading medical research-funding charity the Wellcome Trust designed the facility for the exacting demands of its own international scientific conferences meetings and courses programme These attract the worlds leading scientists to debate issues at the forefront of new scientific discovery

The Conference Centre is uniquely surrounded by scientific history The Genome Campus is home to the renowned Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute which founded on work by Nobel Laureate Sir John Sulston (above) made the single largest contribution to the Human Genome Project Also at work here are the leading European Molecular Biology Laboratory (European Bioinformatics Institute)

Cumulatively this is perhaps the world s largest concentration of expertise in genomics and bioinformatics with an umbilical connection to Cambridge University and the groundbreaking work of Watson Crick Wilkins and Franklin

Selective tours of research facilities for small numbers may be available by special arrangement

3

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Full Programme

Monday 17 September

James Watson Paviion

0845 - 0900 I Welcome amp Introduction

Session I Pathogen genomics Chair Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge UK

0900 - 0930 I Pathogen Genomics

Prof Julian Parkhill Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

0930 -1000 I Genome analysis of Mycobacterium bovis and BCG Pasteur

Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

The availability of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG Pasteur provides us with the raw material to explore the molecular basis of mycobacterial virulence However defining the genetic root of host tropism between M bovis and M tuberculosis or the complete list of attenuating lesions between M bovis and BCG is not a trivial task a systems approach is needed where diverse experimental data is overlaid on the genome sequence to provide a functional contexto This talk will highlight some of the key genetic differences across the genome sequenced strains and how they impact on known phenotypic traits Added to this in vitro transcriptome profiling of M tuberculosis M bovis and BCG will be presented to show the key in vitro gene expression differences across strains and thei r possible functional impacts Finally single nucleotide polymorph ism (SNP) data will be presented on the distribution of -700 SNPs defined between the BCG Pasteur and M bovis 2122 genomes across a panel of BCG vaccine and M bovis field strains

4

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1000 -1030 1 Genomic Approaches to Combat Johnes Disease

Dr John Bannantine USDA-ARS USA

Mycobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic enteritis in cattle termed Johnes disease that results in significant economic losses to dairy industries worldwide The inability to rapidly and specifically diagnose infection of cattle has hindered efforts to control Johnes disease Through a comprehensive functional genomics program we have obtained insights into genetic differences in sheep and cattle strains as well as differences among MAC complex species The major differences are attributed to large sequence polymorphisms Notably the differences between the sheep and cattle strains of MAP have been significant enough to initiate whole genome sequencing of a sheep isolate Additionally a partial protein array has been developed for antigen discovery This tool has enabled identification of antigens detected early during infection of cattle as well as strong antigens in natura lly infected cattle

1030-1100 Coffee Break 1 1

1100 -1130 I

ESAT-6 Secretiacuteon And Its Link To Pathogenicity And Immune Recognition

Dr Roland Brosch Institute Pasteur Pariacutes France

In depth studies of the regiacuteon of difference 1 (RD1 ) absent in the attenuated vaccine stra ins Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti but present in all viru lent strains of M tuberculosis and M bovis have shown that proteins like the 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) belong to the recently identified novel secretion system of M tuberculosis named ESX-1 We have identified the core genes of ESX-1 necessary fo r ESAT-6 secretion antigen specific immune recognition and enhanced in vivo growth Furthermore genetica lly modified ESAT-6 molecules have been expressed in BCG andor M tuberculosis under the most natural conditions poss ible perm itting investigation of the influence of such modifications on the viru lence and immunogenicity of the recombinant siacuterains Together with studies on interaction of ESAT -6 and CFP-10 with phospholipids th is approach allowed us to build a biologically relevant model of ESAT-6 and its protein partner CFP-1 O which is of importance for the better understanding of the ESAT-6 system-1 and the role it plays in the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacil li As similar ESX encoding regions are also conserved in other more distantly related Actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria our results also open new perspectives for the study of ESX systems in a much wider range

5

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 2: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Introduction

Please see below some important information regard ing the next two days

Sunday Welcome Dinner The Welcome ReceptionDinner will be heId in the Hall Restaurant at 7pm

Conference Meeting Room Al sessions will be in the James Watson Pavilion in the conference centre

Social Events A historical tour of Cambridge with particular refe rence to sites of scientific interest has been arranged for Monday afternoon at 4pm This wil be followed by a reception at St Johns Colfege and dinner in the Wordsworth Rooms of St Johns

Conference Gala Dinner The Conference Gala Dinner will be held in the Hall Restaurant on Tuesday at 7pm

Dietary Requirements Any special dietary requirements have been passed onto the caterers - please make yourself known to the catering staff

Accommodation If you have any problems with your room please go to the main Reception

You must vacate your room by 0900 on Wednesday morning

Taxis If you require a taxi at anytime during the conference please go to the main Reception and the staft there will be happy to arrange this for you

Approximate taxi prices

-Cambridge - Hinxton f20

-Stansted - Hinxton f35

-Luton - Hinxton f55

-London City - Hinxton f65

-Heathrow - Hinxton f85

-Gatwick - Hinxton f105

1

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Outllna Programme

Time Event

Sunday 16th September

1830 - 1900

1900 - 1945

1945 - 2100

Registration

Welcome Drinks Reception

Buffet Dinner in the Hall Restaurant

Monday 17th Sejltember

0800 - 0845

0845 - 900

0900 - 1030

1030 - 11 00

11 00 -1230

1230 -1400

1400 - 1530

1530 - 1600

1600

1630 -1800

1800 -1915

1930 - 21 45

2150

Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

Opening Remarks

Session I Pathogen genomics in the James Watson Pavilion

Morning Coffee

Presentations in the James Watson Pa vilion

Lunch in the Hall Restaurant

Session II Host Genomics in the James Watson Pa vilion

Afternoon Coffee

Pick Up from The Conference Centre

Historical Tour of Cambridge

Drinks Reception at St Johns College

Dinner in the Wordsworth Rooms

Coach Pick up

I

Tuesday 18th September

0800 - 0845

0900 - 1030

1030 - 11 00

11 00shy 1230

1230 - 1400

1400 -1530

1530 - 1600

1600 - 1700

1700

1900 - 22 00

Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

Session III Technology - State of the Art in the James Watson Pavilion

Morning Coffee

Tour of Sanger Institute

Lunch in the Hall Restaurant

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction in the James Watson Pa viion

Afternoon Coffee

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (Continued) in the James Watson Pa vilion

Closing Remarks

Conference Gala Dinner

2

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre is an outstanding venue offering world-class facilities for conferences of all kinds It provides delegates with state-of-the-art conference technologies in a delightful rural idyll

Leading medical research-funding charity the Wellcome Trust designed the facility for the exacting demands of its own international scientific conferences meetings and courses programme These attract the worlds leading scientists to debate issues at the forefront of new scientific discovery

The Conference Centre is uniquely surrounded by scientific history The Genome Campus is home to the renowned Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute which founded on work by Nobel Laureate Sir John Sulston (above) made the single largest contribution to the Human Genome Project Also at work here are the leading European Molecular Biology Laboratory (European Bioinformatics Institute)

Cumulatively this is perhaps the world s largest concentration of expertise in genomics and bioinformatics with an umbilical connection to Cambridge University and the groundbreaking work of Watson Crick Wilkins and Franklin

Selective tours of research facilities for small numbers may be available by special arrangement

3

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Full Programme

Monday 17 September

James Watson Paviion

0845 - 0900 I Welcome amp Introduction

Session I Pathogen genomics Chair Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge UK

0900 - 0930 I Pathogen Genomics

Prof Julian Parkhill Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

0930 -1000 I Genome analysis of Mycobacterium bovis and BCG Pasteur

Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

The availability of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG Pasteur provides us with the raw material to explore the molecular basis of mycobacterial virulence However defining the genetic root of host tropism between M bovis and M tuberculosis or the complete list of attenuating lesions between M bovis and BCG is not a trivial task a systems approach is needed where diverse experimental data is overlaid on the genome sequence to provide a functional contexto This talk will highlight some of the key genetic differences across the genome sequenced strains and how they impact on known phenotypic traits Added to this in vitro transcriptome profiling of M tuberculosis M bovis and BCG will be presented to show the key in vitro gene expression differences across strains and thei r possible functional impacts Finally single nucleotide polymorph ism (SNP) data will be presented on the distribution of -700 SNPs defined between the BCG Pasteur and M bovis 2122 genomes across a panel of BCG vaccine and M bovis field strains

4

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1000 -1030 1 Genomic Approaches to Combat Johnes Disease

Dr John Bannantine USDA-ARS USA

Mycobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic enteritis in cattle termed Johnes disease that results in significant economic losses to dairy industries worldwide The inability to rapidly and specifically diagnose infection of cattle has hindered efforts to control Johnes disease Through a comprehensive functional genomics program we have obtained insights into genetic differences in sheep and cattle strains as well as differences among MAC complex species The major differences are attributed to large sequence polymorphisms Notably the differences between the sheep and cattle strains of MAP have been significant enough to initiate whole genome sequencing of a sheep isolate Additionally a partial protein array has been developed for antigen discovery This tool has enabled identification of antigens detected early during infection of cattle as well as strong antigens in natura lly infected cattle

1030-1100 Coffee Break 1 1

1100 -1130 I

ESAT-6 Secretiacuteon And Its Link To Pathogenicity And Immune Recognition

Dr Roland Brosch Institute Pasteur Pariacutes France

In depth studies of the regiacuteon of difference 1 (RD1 ) absent in the attenuated vaccine stra ins Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti but present in all viru lent strains of M tuberculosis and M bovis have shown that proteins like the 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) belong to the recently identified novel secretion system of M tuberculosis named ESX-1 We have identified the core genes of ESX-1 necessary fo r ESAT-6 secretion antigen specific immune recognition and enhanced in vivo growth Furthermore genetica lly modified ESAT-6 molecules have been expressed in BCG andor M tuberculosis under the most natural conditions poss ible perm itting investigation of the influence of such modifications on the viru lence and immunogenicity of the recombinant siacuterains Together with studies on interaction of ESAT -6 and CFP-10 with phospholipids th is approach allowed us to build a biologically relevant model of ESAT-6 and its protein partner CFP-1 O which is of importance for the better understanding of the ESAT-6 system-1 and the role it plays in the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacil li As similar ESX encoding regions are also conserved in other more distantly related Actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria our results also open new perspectives for the study of ESX systems in a much wider range

5

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 3: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Outllna Programme

Time Event

Sunday 16th September

1830 - 1900

1900 - 1945

1945 - 2100

Registration

Welcome Drinks Reception

Buffet Dinner in the Hall Restaurant

Monday 17th Sejltember

0800 - 0845

0845 - 900

0900 - 1030

1030 - 11 00

11 00 -1230

1230 -1400

1400 - 1530

1530 - 1600

1600

1630 -1800

1800 -1915

1930 - 21 45

2150

Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

Opening Remarks

Session I Pathogen genomics in the James Watson Pavilion

Morning Coffee

Presentations in the James Watson Pa vilion

Lunch in the Hall Restaurant

Session II Host Genomics in the James Watson Pa vilion

Afternoon Coffee

Pick Up from The Conference Centre

Historical Tour of Cambridge

Drinks Reception at St Johns College

Dinner in the Wordsworth Rooms

Coach Pick up

I

Tuesday 18th September

0800 - 0845

0900 - 1030

1030 - 11 00

11 00shy 1230

1230 - 1400

1400 -1530

1530 - 1600

1600 - 1700

1700

1900 - 22 00

Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

Session III Technology - State of the Art in the James Watson Pavilion

Morning Coffee

Tour of Sanger Institute

Lunch in the Hall Restaurant

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction in the James Watson Pa viion

Afternoon Coffee

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (Continued) in the James Watson Pa vilion

Closing Remarks

Conference Gala Dinner

2

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre is an outstanding venue offering world-class facilities for conferences of all kinds It provides delegates with state-of-the-art conference technologies in a delightful rural idyll

Leading medical research-funding charity the Wellcome Trust designed the facility for the exacting demands of its own international scientific conferences meetings and courses programme These attract the worlds leading scientists to debate issues at the forefront of new scientific discovery

The Conference Centre is uniquely surrounded by scientific history The Genome Campus is home to the renowned Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute which founded on work by Nobel Laureate Sir John Sulston (above) made the single largest contribution to the Human Genome Project Also at work here are the leading European Molecular Biology Laboratory (European Bioinformatics Institute)

Cumulatively this is perhaps the world s largest concentration of expertise in genomics and bioinformatics with an umbilical connection to Cambridge University and the groundbreaking work of Watson Crick Wilkins and Franklin

Selective tours of research facilities for small numbers may be available by special arrangement

3

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Full Programme

Monday 17 September

James Watson Paviion

0845 - 0900 I Welcome amp Introduction

Session I Pathogen genomics Chair Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge UK

0900 - 0930 I Pathogen Genomics

Prof Julian Parkhill Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

0930 -1000 I Genome analysis of Mycobacterium bovis and BCG Pasteur

Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

The availability of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG Pasteur provides us with the raw material to explore the molecular basis of mycobacterial virulence However defining the genetic root of host tropism between M bovis and M tuberculosis or the complete list of attenuating lesions between M bovis and BCG is not a trivial task a systems approach is needed where diverse experimental data is overlaid on the genome sequence to provide a functional contexto This talk will highlight some of the key genetic differences across the genome sequenced strains and how they impact on known phenotypic traits Added to this in vitro transcriptome profiling of M tuberculosis M bovis and BCG will be presented to show the key in vitro gene expression differences across strains and thei r possible functional impacts Finally single nucleotide polymorph ism (SNP) data will be presented on the distribution of -700 SNPs defined between the BCG Pasteur and M bovis 2122 genomes across a panel of BCG vaccine and M bovis field strains

4

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1000 -1030 1 Genomic Approaches to Combat Johnes Disease

Dr John Bannantine USDA-ARS USA

Mycobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic enteritis in cattle termed Johnes disease that results in significant economic losses to dairy industries worldwide The inability to rapidly and specifically diagnose infection of cattle has hindered efforts to control Johnes disease Through a comprehensive functional genomics program we have obtained insights into genetic differences in sheep and cattle strains as well as differences among MAC complex species The major differences are attributed to large sequence polymorphisms Notably the differences between the sheep and cattle strains of MAP have been significant enough to initiate whole genome sequencing of a sheep isolate Additionally a partial protein array has been developed for antigen discovery This tool has enabled identification of antigens detected early during infection of cattle as well as strong antigens in natura lly infected cattle

1030-1100 Coffee Break 1 1

1100 -1130 I

ESAT-6 Secretiacuteon And Its Link To Pathogenicity And Immune Recognition

Dr Roland Brosch Institute Pasteur Pariacutes France

In depth studies of the regiacuteon of difference 1 (RD1 ) absent in the attenuated vaccine stra ins Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti but present in all viru lent strains of M tuberculosis and M bovis have shown that proteins like the 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) belong to the recently identified novel secretion system of M tuberculosis named ESX-1 We have identified the core genes of ESX-1 necessary fo r ESAT-6 secretion antigen specific immune recognition and enhanced in vivo growth Furthermore genetica lly modified ESAT-6 molecules have been expressed in BCG andor M tuberculosis under the most natural conditions poss ible perm itting investigation of the influence of such modifications on the viru lence and immunogenicity of the recombinant siacuterains Together with studies on interaction of ESAT -6 and CFP-10 with phospholipids th is approach allowed us to build a biologically relevant model of ESAT-6 and its protein partner CFP-1 O which is of importance for the better understanding of the ESAT-6 system-1 and the role it plays in the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacil li As similar ESX encoding regions are also conserved in other more distantly related Actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria our results also open new perspectives for the study of ESX systems in a much wider range

5

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 4: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre

The Wellcome Trust Conference Centre is an outstanding venue offering world-class facilities for conferences of all kinds It provides delegates with state-of-the-art conference technologies in a delightful rural idyll

Leading medical research-funding charity the Wellcome Trust designed the facility for the exacting demands of its own international scientific conferences meetings and courses programme These attract the worlds leading scientists to debate issues at the forefront of new scientific discovery

The Conference Centre is uniquely surrounded by scientific history The Genome Campus is home to the renowned Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute which founded on work by Nobel Laureate Sir John Sulston (above) made the single largest contribution to the Human Genome Project Also at work here are the leading European Molecular Biology Laboratory (European Bioinformatics Institute)

Cumulatively this is perhaps the world s largest concentration of expertise in genomics and bioinformatics with an umbilical connection to Cambridge University and the groundbreaking work of Watson Crick Wilkins and Franklin

Selective tours of research facilities for small numbers may be available by special arrangement

3

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Full Programme

Monday 17 September

James Watson Paviion

0845 - 0900 I Welcome amp Introduction

Session I Pathogen genomics Chair Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge UK

0900 - 0930 I Pathogen Genomics

Prof Julian Parkhill Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

0930 -1000 I Genome analysis of Mycobacterium bovis and BCG Pasteur

Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

The availability of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG Pasteur provides us with the raw material to explore the molecular basis of mycobacterial virulence However defining the genetic root of host tropism between M bovis and M tuberculosis or the complete list of attenuating lesions between M bovis and BCG is not a trivial task a systems approach is needed where diverse experimental data is overlaid on the genome sequence to provide a functional contexto This talk will highlight some of the key genetic differences across the genome sequenced strains and how they impact on known phenotypic traits Added to this in vitro transcriptome profiling of M tuberculosis M bovis and BCG will be presented to show the key in vitro gene expression differences across strains and thei r possible functional impacts Finally single nucleotide polymorph ism (SNP) data will be presented on the distribution of -700 SNPs defined between the BCG Pasteur and M bovis 2122 genomes across a panel of BCG vaccine and M bovis field strains

4

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1000 -1030 1 Genomic Approaches to Combat Johnes Disease

Dr John Bannantine USDA-ARS USA

Mycobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic enteritis in cattle termed Johnes disease that results in significant economic losses to dairy industries worldwide The inability to rapidly and specifically diagnose infection of cattle has hindered efforts to control Johnes disease Through a comprehensive functional genomics program we have obtained insights into genetic differences in sheep and cattle strains as well as differences among MAC complex species The major differences are attributed to large sequence polymorphisms Notably the differences between the sheep and cattle strains of MAP have been significant enough to initiate whole genome sequencing of a sheep isolate Additionally a partial protein array has been developed for antigen discovery This tool has enabled identification of antigens detected early during infection of cattle as well as strong antigens in natura lly infected cattle

1030-1100 Coffee Break 1 1

1100 -1130 I

ESAT-6 Secretiacuteon And Its Link To Pathogenicity And Immune Recognition

Dr Roland Brosch Institute Pasteur Pariacutes France

In depth studies of the regiacuteon of difference 1 (RD1 ) absent in the attenuated vaccine stra ins Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti but present in all viru lent strains of M tuberculosis and M bovis have shown that proteins like the 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) belong to the recently identified novel secretion system of M tuberculosis named ESX-1 We have identified the core genes of ESX-1 necessary fo r ESAT-6 secretion antigen specific immune recognition and enhanced in vivo growth Furthermore genetica lly modified ESAT-6 molecules have been expressed in BCG andor M tuberculosis under the most natural conditions poss ible perm itting investigation of the influence of such modifications on the viru lence and immunogenicity of the recombinant siacuterains Together with studies on interaction of ESAT -6 and CFP-10 with phospholipids th is approach allowed us to build a biologically relevant model of ESAT-6 and its protein partner CFP-1 O which is of importance for the better understanding of the ESAT-6 system-1 and the role it plays in the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacil li As similar ESX encoding regions are also conserved in other more distantly related Actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria our results also open new perspectives for the study of ESX systems in a much wider range

5

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 5: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Full Programme

Monday 17 September

James Watson Paviion

0845 - 0900 I Welcome amp Introduction

Session I Pathogen genomics Chair Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge UK

0900 - 0930 I Pathogen Genomics

Prof Julian Parkhill Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

0930 -1000 I Genome analysis of Mycobacterium bovis and BCG Pasteur

Dr Steve Gordon VLA Weybridge UK

The availability of the genome sequences of Mycobacterium bovis Mycobacterium tuberculosis and BCG Pasteur provides us with the raw material to explore the molecular basis of mycobacterial virulence However defining the genetic root of host tropism between M bovis and M tuberculosis or the complete list of attenuating lesions between M bovis and BCG is not a trivial task a systems approach is needed where diverse experimental data is overlaid on the genome sequence to provide a functional contexto This talk will highlight some of the key genetic differences across the genome sequenced strains and how they impact on known phenotypic traits Added to this in vitro transcriptome profiling of M tuberculosis M bovis and BCG will be presented to show the key in vitro gene expression differences across strains and thei r possible functional impacts Finally single nucleotide polymorph ism (SNP) data will be presented on the distribution of -700 SNPs defined between the BCG Pasteur and M bovis 2122 genomes across a panel of BCG vaccine and M bovis field strains

4

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1000 -1030 1 Genomic Approaches to Combat Johnes Disease

Dr John Bannantine USDA-ARS USA

Mycobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic enteritis in cattle termed Johnes disease that results in significant economic losses to dairy industries worldwide The inability to rapidly and specifically diagnose infection of cattle has hindered efforts to control Johnes disease Through a comprehensive functional genomics program we have obtained insights into genetic differences in sheep and cattle strains as well as differences among MAC complex species The major differences are attributed to large sequence polymorphisms Notably the differences between the sheep and cattle strains of MAP have been significant enough to initiate whole genome sequencing of a sheep isolate Additionally a partial protein array has been developed for antigen discovery This tool has enabled identification of antigens detected early during infection of cattle as well as strong antigens in natura lly infected cattle

1030-1100 Coffee Break 1 1

1100 -1130 I

ESAT-6 Secretiacuteon And Its Link To Pathogenicity And Immune Recognition

Dr Roland Brosch Institute Pasteur Pariacutes France

In depth studies of the regiacuteon of difference 1 (RD1 ) absent in the attenuated vaccine stra ins Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti but present in all viru lent strains of M tuberculosis and M bovis have shown that proteins like the 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) belong to the recently identified novel secretion system of M tuberculosis named ESX-1 We have identified the core genes of ESX-1 necessary fo r ESAT-6 secretion antigen specific immune recognition and enhanced in vivo growth Furthermore genetica lly modified ESAT-6 molecules have been expressed in BCG andor M tuberculosis under the most natural conditions poss ible perm itting investigation of the influence of such modifications on the viru lence and immunogenicity of the recombinant siacuterains Together with studies on interaction of ESAT -6 and CFP-10 with phospholipids th is approach allowed us to build a biologically relevant model of ESAT-6 and its protein partner CFP-1 O which is of importance for the better understanding of the ESAT-6 system-1 and the role it plays in the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacil li As similar ESX encoding regions are also conserved in other more distantly related Actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria our results also open new perspectives for the study of ESX systems in a much wider range

5

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 6: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1000 -1030 1 Genomic Approaches to Combat Johnes Disease

Dr John Bannantine USDA-ARS USA

Mycobacterium avium subsp para tuberculosis (MAP) causes a chronic enteritis in cattle termed Johnes disease that results in significant economic losses to dairy industries worldwide The inability to rapidly and specifically diagnose infection of cattle has hindered efforts to control Johnes disease Through a comprehensive functional genomics program we have obtained insights into genetic differences in sheep and cattle strains as well as differences among MAC complex species The major differences are attributed to large sequence polymorphisms Notably the differences between the sheep and cattle strains of MAP have been significant enough to initiate whole genome sequencing of a sheep isolate Additionally a partial protein array has been developed for antigen discovery This tool has enabled identification of antigens detected early during infection of cattle as well as strong antigens in natura lly infected cattle

1030-1100 Coffee Break 1 1

1100 -1130 I

ESAT-6 Secretiacuteon And Its Link To Pathogenicity And Immune Recognition

Dr Roland Brosch Institute Pasteur Pariacutes France

In depth studies of the regiacuteon of difference 1 (RD1 ) absent in the attenuated vaccine stra ins Mycobacterium bovis BCG and Mycobacterium microti but present in all viru lent strains of M tuberculosis and M bovis have shown that proteins like the 6 kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT-6) belong to the recently identified novel secretion system of M tuberculosis named ESX-1 We have identified the core genes of ESX-1 necessary fo r ESAT-6 secretion antigen specific immune recognition and enhanced in vivo growth Furthermore genetica lly modified ESAT-6 molecules have been expressed in BCG andor M tuberculosis under the most natural conditions poss ible perm itting investigation of the influence of such modifications on the viru lence and immunogenicity of the recombinant siacuterains Together with studies on interaction of ESAT -6 and CFP-10 with phospholipids th is approach allowed us to build a biologically relevant model of ESAT-6 and its protein partner CFP-1 O which is of importance for the better understanding of the ESAT-6 system-1 and the role it plays in the pathogenesis of the tubercle bacil li As similar ESX encoding regions are also conserved in other more distantly related Actinomycetes and Gram-positive bacteria our results also open new perspectives for the study of ESX systems in a much wider range

5

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 7: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

11 30 - 1200

Dr Graham Stewart University of Surrey UK

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1Mycobacterial control of the phagosome

The ability to arrest phagosome maturation is an important feature of Mycobacterium tuberculosis parasitism of the macrophage We have used subcellular organelle selection and microarray screening of transposon mutant libraries to identify mycobacterial genes involved in this process

In one approach macrophages were fed iron-dextran to label Iysosomes and then infected with a mycobacterium transposon mutant library After 1 hour the ironshydextran containing compartments were magnetically purified from Iysed macrophages Mutant bacteria which had lost the ability to inhibit phagosomelysosome fusion were enriched in this sample The identity of interrupted genes in these strains was revealed by labell ing of transposon insertion sites and hybridisation to a whole-genome microarray

In a second approach macrophages were infected with mutant libraries and acidic phagosomes were labelled with Lysotracker Flow-cytometry or automated confocal microscopy was then used to select for mutants that had failed to inh ibit phagosome acidification

Further characterisation of the isolated mutant strains will be discussed

1200 -1230 The molecular evolution and phylogeny of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex

Noel Smith University of Sussex

(VLA Weybridge)

Noel Smith will show how a congruent phylogeny for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex has been obtained from four different and apparently irreconcilable molecular approaches He wi ll describe how the absence of recombination has had a profound effect on the population structure of these animal and human adapted pathogens and in particular he will discuss the evolution of the animal-adapted linage the last common ancestor of the complex and the evidence for recombination in the closely related strains of M canettiL A comparison of whole genomes of M tuberculosis and M bovis shows an unexpectedly high level of non-synonymous polymorphisms and two explanations tor this observation will be discussed

6

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 8: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11230 - 1400 1L~nch

Session 11 Host Genomics (14001530) Chair Dr Martiacuten Vordermeirer

1400 -1430 J EADGENE Steve Bishop

Roslin Institute UK

EADGENE is the European Animal Disease Genomics Network of Excellence for Animal Health and Food Safety It is a FVI Network of Excellence funded for five years (2004 to 2009) to a total of euro1152m comprising 13 partners from 10 countries EADGENE was designed to address a perceived fragmentation in the animal disease genetics research community in Europe It aims to integrate research teams applying genomics to host-pathogen interactions using both host-based and pathogen-based approaches

Like most FVI NoEs EADGENE cornprises Integrating Activi ties a Joint Programme of Research and Spreading of Excellence activities After developing inventories of available resources Integrating Activities have concentrated on provision of additional resources such chicken pig and bovine oligo arrays the development and distribution of bioinformatics tools workshops and courses and funded opportunities for mobility The joint programme of research covers structural functional population and operational genomics Within this framework research is addressing mastitis salmonella and E coli infections and various fish viral diseases Spreading of excellence has established dialogue with interested industrial parties provided ethical guidance and established effective com munication strategies and tools both internal and externa

EADGENE successes are best illustrated by the mastitis research programme Challenge studies aimed at providing the data and resources necessary to elucidate host responses to infection by means of microarray studies have been performed in both dairy cattle and sheep with a variety of bacteria (E coliacute S uberis S aureus) and in both iacuten vivo and in vitro experimental systems Data arising from these experiments is being used to develop meta-analysis techniq ues in which data and inferences from comparable experiments are combined Th is data has also been used for training purposes and also to help develop new analytical techniques for the analysis of microarray data

EADGENE offers flexible opportunities for mobility and short-term visits within Europe which are also open to scientists in non-EADGENE institutes Enquiries are welcomes and further details on mobility and EADGENE in general can be found at wwweadgeneinfo

7

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 9: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1430 - 1500 I EvoJution of Cattle Prof Dan Bradley

Trinity College Dublin Ireland

Abstract not available at time of printing

1500 -1530 Host genetic factors influencing susceptibility of cattle to IMycobacterium avium ssp paratuberculosis infection

Dr Ad Koets Utrecht University

Netherlands

Paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) To study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility 9 candidate genes (Toll- like receptors 2 and 6 Interleukin-1 0 Interleukin-12p35 Interleukin-1 2p40 Interleukin-1 2 receptor ~1 Interferon-y Interferon-y receptor 1 and NOD2CARD15) selected for their potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections were analysed for sing le nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and disease association For SNP discovery and disease association a case-control study including 24 cows from farms with paratuberculosis was conducted Sequence analysis of the 9 candidate genes from 12 paratuberculosis infected animals and 12 age-matched healthy herd-mates revealed 35 different SNP Most SNP were found in TLR2 and one was significantly associated with Map infection status This and 4 additional TLR2 SNP were studied in a subsequent cohort study with 558 cows from farms with paratuberculosis The allelic distribution of the first TLR2 SNP was confirmed and a second TLR2 SNP was also found to be significantly different between the infected and non-infected animals In in vitro functional assays ligand binding by the TLR2 of the resistant haplotype induced higher in vitro NFKB production as compared to the TLR2 of the susceptible haplotype In conclusion these data support previous work indicating a role for host genetics in susceptibifity to bovine paratuberculosis and the current study specifically identified the diversity in the TLR2 gene in the cattle population to be in volved in resistance to bovine paratuberculosis

11530 - 1550 1Coftee Break

1600 Coach Pick up to Cambridge City Centre

1630 -1800 Historical Tour of Cambridge

8

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 10: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1630 -1800 Drinks Reception at St Johns College (the Backs)

11930 - 2145 IDiacutenner at St Johns College

21 50 Coach Return trip to The Wellcome Conference Centre

9

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 11: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Tuesday 18 September

James Watson Pavilion

Session 111 Technology - State of the Art (900-1030) Chair Prof Philiacutep Butcher

0900 - 0930 I Genome sequencing S+cPk- 0iquest)(loll I

TBC Sanger Institute

UK

0930 -1000 I Miacutecroarrays Dr Jason Hinds

St Georges Medical SChool UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1000 -1030 I

Proteomic analysis of Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis

Dr Valerie Hughes Moredun Research Institute

UK

Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease) poses a significant economic problem to beef dairy and sheep industries in the Un ited Kingdom and worldwide and is caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) Map can be subdivided into three types as defined by their pulsed-field genotypes and physiological characteristics and host preferences We have used 2D gel electrophoresis to characterize the type proteomes and their analysis has revealed type-specific proteins The relevance of these proteins to phenotype wi ll be discussed In an attempt to understand the interaction between Map and its host at the molecular level we have used 2-D PAGE as a tool to investigate the viru lent state of Map A direct comparison of the proteomes of Map scraped from the terminal ileum of ovine paratuberculosis cases and the identical stra in grown in vitro iacutes presented These analyses have identified a set of proteins whose expression is up-regulated during natural infection

10

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 12: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

11030 -1100 I Coffee Break

111 00 -1230 I Tour of Sanger Institute

1230 - 1400 1Lunch

Session IV Host-pathogen interaction (1400-1700) Prof Glyn Hewinson

1400 -1430 1Host-pathogen interaction Prof Gordon Dougan

Sanger Institute UK

Abstract not available at time of printing

1430 - 1500 The Mycobacterial Heparin-Binding Haemagglutinin Virulence Factor and Potential for Diagnostics and Vaccine Development

Prof Camille Locht Institute Pasteur

Ulle France

Although most studies with Mycobacterium tuberculosis have focused on its interactions with macrophages other cels such as epithelial cels may also be important for the pathogenesis of tuberculosis We have previously identified a surface-associated adhesin involved in the binding of M tuberculosis complex organisms to ce lis other than macrophages including epithelial cells This protein can be purified by heparin-Sepharose chromatography and displays haemagglutination activity It was therefore named heparin-binding haemagglutinin (HBHA) HBHA-deficient mutants are impaired in their ability to bind to epithelial cells and in extrapulmonary dissemination The hbhA gene is strongly upregulated within infected epithelial cells in which the mycobacteria may reside during latency but not within infected macrophages The T cell immune response is strongest in late-stage chronic infection of mice In man strong T cell responses are detected during latency whereas they are much lower during acute tubercu losis indicating that HBHA may be an interesting antigen for the diagnosis of latent infection A recent retrospective study showed excellent sensitivity and specificity (gt 90) for the diagnosis of latent infection including infections that result from remote exposure (gt 2 years ) In mice HBHA showed strong protective abilities similar to those of BCG The antigen was particularly useful in a BCG primeHBHA boost regimen where iong-term boosting with HBHA increased the BCG-induced protection by roughly tenfold These results suggest that HBHA may be a usefui diagnostic and a powerfui protective antigen to be included in future acellular vaccines against tuberculosis especially in the frame of a primeboost strategy

11

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

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Page 13: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1500 -1530 I

Food-borne pathogens functional genomics and farm animals

Prof Duncan Maskell University of Cambridge

Cambridge UK

Food-borne bacterial pathogens are major health problems across the world They generally cause gastroenteritis which while unpleasant and debilitating is usually self-limiting In the young or the elderly and in the immunosuppressed however these diseases can and do kili

The main bacterial food-borne pathogens are Campylobacter jejuni Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli While C jejuni rarely causes disease in farmed animals both Salmonella and E coli certainly can lnterestingly the more common food-borne pathogenic types and serovars of these organisms are least likely to be found in association with overt disease in the farm animal host

In order to understand how these bacteria interact with their host animals we have used functional genomics tools and infection models in the target farm an imal hosts Using signature tagged mutagenesis (STM) we have shown that different sets of genes are required by S enterica to infect chickens cows and pigs We have also shown that the infection dynamics of C jejuni in chickens means that technologies using pools of mutants such as STM must be interpreted with great caution However using microarray technology we have identified C jejuni genes that are upshyregulated during colonisation of the chicken compared with laboratory cond itions and we are testing these as elements of combined live Salmonella-Campylobacter vaccines

Finall y a new technology transposon-mediated differential hybrid isation is being used to assess every gene in S enterica for its role in colonisation and infection of ch ickens cattle and pigs and this will be described

11530 -1600 ICoffee Break

12

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

Page 14: Functional Genomics Workshopwebs.ucm.es/info/venomyc/data/Proceedings WP10 - Genomics... · 2009. 11. 19. · genomics and bioinformatics, with an umbilical connection to Cambridge

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1600 -1630 Gene expression profiling of peripheral blood mononuclear I cells (PBMC) in Mycobacterium bovis infected cattle

Dr Eamonn Gormley UCD

Ireland

Infection with Mycobacterium bovis is a major constraint for animal health and production worldwide A detailed understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the host immune response to infection may be fundamental to the development of future diagnostic and control strategies In this study microarray analysis of messenger RNA (mRNA) abundance in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from M bovis infected cattle and non-infected controls were compared to investigate differential gene expression In the first study an immunospecific bovine microarray platform (BOTL-4) with spot features representing 1336 genes was used for transcriptional profi ling of PBMC from six M bovis-infected cattle stimulated in vitro with bovine purified protein derivative of tuberculiacuten (PPD-bovine) Statistical analyses of these data revealed 224 genes (approximately 17 of transcripts on the array) differentially expressed between stimulated and unstimulated PBMC across a 24 h time course (PltO05) Of the 224 genes 87 genes were significantly upregulated and 137 genes were significantly downregulated in M bovis-infected PBMC stimulated with PPD-bovine across the 24 h time course In the second study supervised hierarch ical cluster analysis and class pred iction valiacutedation demonstrated that a panel of 15 genes was reliably predictive of disease status These results suggest that gene expression profiling can be used to detect gene infection signatures of infection that may form the basis of novel immunological tests to enhance diagnosis of M bovis infection in cattle

1630 -1700 iexcl Vaccinesdiagnostics throughJJenomics Dr Martin Vordermeier

VLA Weybridge

Based on the seq uence elucidations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis M bovis and M bovis BCG genome and transcriptome comparisons have become useful tool for the fu rther development of diagnostic reagents of higher specificity than tuberculin and to serve as DIVA reagents that differentiate vaccinated from infected animals Diva reagents are necessary to complement vaccine candidates that are under development in vaccination scenarios An additional application for genomics and transcriptomics has been the identification of potential subunit vaccine antigen candidates We have appliacuteed comparative genomics and transcriptomics in combination with a high-throughput peptide-based approach to identify antigens recognized by bovine T Iymphocytes and I will review our progress towards both diagnostic and vaccine objectives In addition I will also highlight and discuss the current limitations of these approaches

13

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

18

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VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

1700 I Closing Remarks Glyn Hewinson VLA Weybridge

1900 - 2200 Dinner at the Hall Restaurant

Wednesday 19t h September

0700 - 0900 Breakfast in the Hall Restaurant

I 0900 I DEPARTURE

14

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

15

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

16

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

Notes

17

VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

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VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

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VENoMYC Workshop Cambridge UK

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