Functionalism Ppt

1,045%1,21 %Percentage of national GDP

862,3994,3Total

50,357,7Administration

50,062,8EU as Global Partner

10,314,7Freedom, Securityand Justice

370,8400,3CAP

308,1336,3Cohesion Policy

72,0121,7Competitiveness (e.g. R&D, Education)

Compromise as of Dec, 17th 2005

Commission Proposal (Feb 2004)

EU Budget 2007 – 2013 (bn €)

Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Wessels - Jean Monnet Chair, Cologne

„Why, if it isn‘t my old pal, thesubsidy addictedFederalist…“

„As I live and breathe, mydear friend, theAnglo-SaxonFree Marketeer!“


(Neo-) Functionalism

Theories and Strategies

of European Integration


Assumptions

State:

- need-centric rather than state-centric perspective

- human needs and public welfare rather than power politics

Human nature:

- rational and cooperative behaviour


Assumptions

International system:

- globalisation

- transnational problem solving

- interdependence


David MITRANY

“One might say indeed that the true task of peaceful change is to remove the need and the wish for changes of frontiers.“

A Working Peace System, Chicago, 1943


render war irrational / impossible through collective transnational problem solving and mutual dependence.

more conducive to the maintenance of international peace and stability

transcend any anarchical structures in world politics

Assumptions

International agencies:

transnational / trans-border cooperation

„realised interdependence“


(Neo-) Functionalism in the ALIS-scheme

THEORY

Assumptions

• rejection of the state and powerconcept

• human beings are essentiallycooperative and act rationally

• same (transnational) problems• interest in joint problem solving


David MITRANY

“… we discover … the virtue of technical self-determination.

The functional dimensions … determine themselves.”

‘form follows function’ functional and technical fields

e.g. Coal and Steel, Railways,

Telecommunications…

Logics


David MITRANY

“The function … determines the political instrumentsuitable for its proper activity, and by the same means provides for its reform at every stage.”

Mitrany, David (1975), The Functional Theory of Politics, Martin Robertson and Company, London.

Logics


“expansive logic of sector integration”

Haas, Ernst B., The Uniting of Europe. Political, Social and Economic Forces 1950-1957, London, 1958

spill over:

the way in which the creation and deepening of integration within one economic sector would create pressures for further economic integration within and beyond that sector

Logics Neo-Functionalism


Ernst B. HAAS

The Uniting of Europe. Political, Social and Economic Forces 1950-1957, London, 1958

“A spill over into as yet unintegrated economic areas

and a concern over political techniques, appropriate for

the control of new and larger problems, is manifest.”



Four forms of spill-over:

- technical / sectoral

- political

- geographical

- active / cultivated spill over



Walter HALLSTEIN

“The logic of economic integration not only leads on towards political unity by way of the fusion of interests, it also involves political action in itself.“

United Europe. Challenge and Opportunity, Cambridge, Mass., 1962.



“It is an anonymous force, but it only works through human will. It might be called material logic [Sachlogik]. … One of its results is that action in one field of economic policy has repercussions in all the rest.”

Hallstein, Walter: Der unvollendete Bundesstaat. Europäische Erfahrungen und Erkenntnisse, Düsseldorf, 1969.

Europe in the Making. Translation by Charles Roetter. London, 1972

On the concept of Hallstein’s “Sachlogik” (~ material logic)



Hoffmann, S. and Robert O. Keohane (eds), The new European Community: Decision Making and Institutional Change. Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1991 pp. 19-20

“Spill over is an important concept, but it can only be usefully employed within a carefully limited sphere […]. The theory of ‘spill over’ has therefore not been discredited…

…actors can have incentives to promote task expansion into new sectors in order to protect gains already achieved…”



What is political integration ?

- real but limited transfer or sovereignty

the process whereby political actors in several distinct nationalsettings are persuaded to shift their loyalties, expectations andpolitical activities towards a new centre whose institutionspossess or demand jurisdiction over the pre-existing nationalstates.

Haas, Ernst B., The Uniting of Europe. Political, Social and Economic Forces 1950-1957, London, 1958



THEORY

(Neo-) Functionalism in the ALIS-scheme

Logics

• form follows function• spill-over • “Sachlogik”• from single market to political union• problem-solving by emphasising expertise• epistemic communities

• transfer of loyalty and sovereignty


Jean MONNET

“Rien n’est possible sans les hommes, rien n’est durablesans les institutions”

“Les hommes sont nécessaires au changement, les institutions pour faire vivre le changement.”

Institutions (Neo-) Functionalism


international agencies:

Institutions (Neo-) Functionalism

- “functional” and “technical” efficient transnationalproblem solving

- reflect the logic of “technocracy” and ”expertise”(positive sum game)

- rather than “political” and “security” issues(zero sum game)

David MITRANY

“…In a like manner the function determines its appropriate organs.”

‘form follows function’

Institutions / organs

functional and technical fields

e.g. Coal and Steel, Railways,

Telecommunications…


Institutional diagram

European Council

Council of the EU

European Parliament(forum)

European Commission

ECJ

ECB

legal authority

agencies


Charles DE GAULLE 9th September 1965

« …une fédération européenne […] régie par quelque

aéropage technocratique, apatride et irresponsable… »


HEORY(Neo-) Functionalism in the ALIS-scheme

Institutions

• technocracy• European Commission as engine of

integration, produces consensus• technocratic knowledge as source of

legitimacy (ECB)• close interaction between

administration and interest-groups


Schuman Declaration of May 9th, 1950

Europe will not be made all at once, or according to a single plan. It will be built through concrete achievements which first create a de facto solidarity.

…

The solidarity in production thus established will make it plain that any war between France and Germany becomes not merely unthinkable, but materially impossible.

intergovernmental disintegration/dissolution

(i)

25 TEU Nice

- Full Constitution- TCE +

- TCE

- TCE -

- TEU +++

- TEU ++

- TEU +

- TEU –- TEU - -

- TEU - - -

“2”EU “3”EU “6”EUsmaller EU

“30”+ EUlarger EU

(c)

(e)

III

IV I

II

c. coupling option: close connection between enlargement and deepening - deepen step by step and enlarge member state by member state

e. core Europe: institutional deepening within a group of „willing“ and „able“ member states (outside the TEU framework)

f. variable geometry: groups of member states with sectoral integration existing in parallel (outside the TEU framework)

i. l'Europe à la carte: groups of interested member states practising limited functional or sectoral co-operation (outside the TEU framework)

(f)

STATUS QUO

supranational integration + deepening


THEORY(Neo-) Functionalism in the ALIS-scheme

Strategies

• functional governance• self-perpetuating process with• open finalité• cultivated spill over

Documents

Functionalism Ppt