Fundamentals of MCUs Session 1

8/13/2019 Fundamentals of MCUs Session 1

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12/02/2013Jacob Beningo

Introduction to Microcontrollers

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Fundamentals of Microcontrollers(MCUs) : Hands -on Workshop


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Course Overview

Introduction to Microcontrollers Selecting the Right Microcontroller

An Overview of the STM32F4 Discovery Board Digital Signal Processing with the STM32F4 Introduction to Graphics Processing

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Session Overview

Introduction to Microcontrollers Common Microcontroller Architectures

Pipelining An Overview of Peripherals

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Introduction to Microcontrollers What is a microcontroller?

A microcontroller is a single chip with a processorcore, embedded memory and input/outputperipherals

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What are MCUs used for?

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Mobile (Battery Powered) Smaller Form Factors Lower Power Less expensive Cloud Connected IoT Moores Law

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Low Power Operation

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8Introduction to Microcontrollers

STM32L1x 128 Kbytes Flash die


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Introduction to Microcontrollers STM32L1

Full 1.8V 3.6V VDD range functionality @ 32 MHz Aggressive consumption in Stop mode (25 C @ 3.6V) with:

Stop Mode: 0.57 A Stop Mode + RTC: 1.2 A @ 1.8V Stop Mode + RTC: 1.4 A @ 3.6V

Aggressive consumption in Standby mode (25 C @ 3.6V) with: Standby Mode: 0.3 A Standby Mode + RTC: 0.9 A @ 1.8V

Standby Mode + RTC: 1.1 A @ 3.6V Backup register retention (80Bytes)

I/O leakage: 10nA


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MCU Supervisor Functions Integrated reset & brown out detection Watchdog timers Internal / External high and low speed clock sources Single voltage supplies Internal programmable regulators

Results? Smaller form factor Decreased BOM costs

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Introduction to Microcontrollers What peripherals does a microcontroller have?

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I2C SPI CAN LIN Ethernet USB UART LCD

Controller MPU

Timers Digital Input / Output Analog to Digital Converters Pulse Width Modulation Input Capture Direct Memory Access (DMA) Capacitive Touch Quadrature decoding Memory Expansion EEPROM or Emulated EEPROM


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Introduction to Microcontrollers Who manufactures microcontrollers?

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Introduction to Microcontrollers What makes up a microcontroller?

Images courtesy of ARM Ltd


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Memory Architecture - Princeton


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Memory Architecture - Harvard


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ARM Architecture



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ARM Instruction Set



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Pipelining What is pipelining?

A technique for increasing the number of instructions thatcan be executed in a given period of time

What does a typical pipe look like?

Fetch Decode Execute



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Pipelining An Example

Instruction #1Instruction #2Instruction #3


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Digital Input / Output Digital Logic

Organized into ports consisting of 8, 16 or 32 pins per port Bidirectional and configurable Logic 0 or 1 Multiplexed with peripheral functions

Setup Direction (Input or Output) State (High or Low) Function select

Example Use Drive an LED Control a relay Read a sensor state


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Timers Timers

8, 16, 32 bit counters Scalable based on the input clock frequency

Setup Configure the input clock Setup type of timer

Use System Tick Measuring timing High Precision Timers for

SMPS Motor Control


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Analog to Digital Converters (ADC) Peripheral

Converts analog signals to digital values Typically 10, 12, 16 bit Sample rates upwards of 5 MHz

Setup Configure sample rate Setup Polling or ISRs Select channels to sample Convert the channels

Use Read analog sensors


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Memory Protection Unit (MPU) Peripheral

Isolate memory regions Access permission rules

Setup Select memory regions Enable ranges See particular datasheet

Use Operating Systems Task managers


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UART or SCI Peripheral

Transmit and Receive lines 8 or 16 bit transfer Up to 11.25 Mbps (115200 std)

Setup Baud rate setup Configure pins Data in buffer

Use Tx Data Rx Data


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Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) Peripheral

3 Lines (MOSI, MISO, CLK) Chip Select Up to 45 Mbps

Setup Select clocks Set Master/Slave Mode

Use Transferring data off chip Retrieving off chip data


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USB Peripheral

4 or 5 Wire Operation Modes Up to 480 Mbps

Setup Device, Host, OTG? Use USB framework

Use Interfacing to high speed devices Interfacing to external storage


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Display Controllers Peripheral

Segmented LCD Simple dot matrix SVGA color LCD

Setup Depends on display Peripheral dependent

Use Display text data Display basic images


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2013 Jacob Beningo, All Rights Reserved

QuestionsContact Info

Jacob Beningo ( [email protected] )www.beningo.com

Jacob_Beningo

Beningo Engineering

JacobBeningo

Embedded Basics
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Next Time in Session 2

10 Steps to Selecting a Microcontroller What to look for in a Development Kit Hands-on Workshop Tool Setup

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Documents

Fundamentals of MCUs Session 1