Fundamentals of NetworkingDiscovery 1, Chapter 1Personal Computer Hardware

Objectives•After completing this chapter, you will meet these

objectives:▫Identify the purpose & uses of personal computers and

describe local and network applications.▫Compare and contrast different types of computing

devices.▫Explain the binary representation of data.▫Determine appropriate components and peripheral

devices to meet requirements.▫Install, verify, and upgrade computer components and

peripherals.

How & Where Computers are Used•What are they used for at home?▫How about in the government?▫School?▫How about cars?

•Computers are integrated in lots of devices▫TV’s, cash register, ATM, fridge, planes

Common Features•Hardware (physical)

•OS- Required▫Manages the hardware▫Controls the resources, like memory

•Application Software▫Program loaded to perform specific function▫Can you name an example?

Application Software•Business/Industry-specific▫Designed specially

Medical CAD Educational Mitchell on Demand- Auto

•General Use▫Wide range use & home

Word processing Spreadsheet Accounting

Local or Network• Local Application▫Stored on HD▫Works on that PC

•Network Application▫Runs over network (Internet)▫2 components

One parts runs on local Other part runs on remote host Email is a good example

1.1.2.3 Activity

Review•What makes Word a local application?▫Stored on the computer’s hard drive

•Application software can fit into what two categories?▫General use & industry specific

•General Use or Industry Specific?▫PowerPoint▫Medical Patient software▫PowerSchool▫Access

Classes of Computers•Mainframes•Servers•Desktops•Workstations• Laptops •Hand-held portable devices

Servers•High performance•Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, storage•Provide a service to clients▫Email, web, files, print sharing

•The services are important•Has redundant parts▫Needs to be available at all times

•Backups•Kept in secure area

Workstations• High-powered business computers• Designed for special high-end apps• 3-D, CAD, Video Animation, Virtual

Reality•Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM,

multiple, high-capacity drives • Usually have very powerful graphics

capabilities and a large monitor or multiple monitors.

1.2.2.4 Activity

Portable Devices• Laptop, Tablet, PDA, Cell,

Gaming•Portable▫Can plug into docking

station External monitor, more

ports•Advantages?•Disadvantages?

Review 1•Name 5 of the 6 classes of computers.▫Servers, Workstations, Desktops, Portable, Mainframe,

Handheld•Where do workstations & servers keep data stored?▫Hard drive

•A local application is stored where?▫On the PC’s hard drive

•How is a server different than a workstation?▫Server provides services to other computers (clients)

Review 2•Why hook a laptop to a docking station?▫External monitor, more ports

•What’s another word for redundant?▫Duplicate

•T or F. Servers need redundant parts because they require more power.▫False

•Why do servers need redundant parts?▫They need to be accessed by clients all the time

Binary•On (1) or Off (0) BITS

•Used to represent letters, numbers, graphics, etc▫ASCII▫What is your name in ASCII? 1.3.1

•Each letter, number, etc, is 8 bits(b) = 1 byte▫Capital letter: A = 01000001▫Number: 9 = 00111001▫Special character: # = 00100011

Measuring Data•1KB= 1024 bytes•1MB= more than a million bytes•1GB= more than a billion bytes•What’s after gigabytes?▫Terabytes (TB)

Measuring Data 2•Photo: more detail= more amount of bits▫5MP (3MB) vs. 10MP (8MB)

•Also used for storage devices▫Hard drive, MP3 player, etc.

Bits for Data Speed•USB 2.0 operates at 480 mega bits per second▫480,000,000 bits of information transferred per second

•Forty 3 megabyte (MB) song need to be transferred from your MP3 player to your computer▫120MB of songs will transfer through USB in about 2

seconds•100 vacation pictures at 5MB each, transferred to

your computer through USB▫500MB of pictures takes about 9 seconds to transfer

Flashback•Click here

Activity•1.3.2.3 Conversions

•Find speed, HD size, HD space available, RAM on school computer & home computer

Digital Communication•Digital info transmits over distances without the

quality becoming degraded.•Modem converts bits for travel over media

Data Transfer Rates•kbps or Mbps•Download times are theoretical▫Depends on connection quality, overhead, etc.

•How long to download an 100 5MB pictures through your Comcast 25Mbps connection?▫According to calculator, 3 minutes and 4 seconds▫Manually, you’d have to convert to bits first and then

multiply

Video- Bits & Bytes•Video Link▫Not available on web

Other Computer Measurements•Screen Resolution▫Measured in pixels▫1280 x 1024 (H x V)

•CPU▫Measured in Hz & GHz▫How fast is cycles or refreshes▫A 3GHz CPU executes 3,000,000,000 cycles per second

Lab 1.3.3•Determining the Screen Resolution of a Monitor

Review•The basic measurement of a CPU is what?▫Hertz

•The basic measurement of data is what?▫Bit

•How many possible values can a binary digit have?▫2

•Data transfer speed is usually measured in what?▫kbps and Mbps

Computer Systems•Two types:▫Pre-assembled▫Custom built

•Each has advantages & disadvantages

Pre-assembled Computers•Advantages:▫Lower cost▫Good for most applications▫No wait for assembly▫Typical for basic consumers

•Disadvantages:▫Often lack the performance level that can be obtained

from custom built computers

Custom Built Computers•Advantages:▫You can specify exact components you need▫Generally support higher performance applications

such as graphics, gaming, and server applications

•Disadvantages:▫Generally more costly than preassembled PC▫Longer wait for assembly

What Do You Consider Important?•Motherboard•Processor•RAM•Storage•Adapter Cards•Case & Power

Motherboard• Large circuit board▫Connects electronics ▫Allows components to attach▫It moves data between components

Processor•CPU▫Decide 1st

▫Speed measured in MHz, GHz▫Faster= more heat & consume

more power▫Processes all data

•What’s the path data moves on called?▫Bus

RAM•Stores data while being processed by the CPU•All programs run from RAM•2nd most important factor•More RAM= better multitasking

Storage•What happens to RAM when no power?•Hard drives are non-volatile▫Data does not go away when no power

•Magnetic storage devices▫HD, Floppy, Tape

•Optical storage devices ▫Read only: CD, DVD▫Write once: CD-R, DVD-R▫Write many: CD-RW, DVD-RW

•Static memory (flash) drives▫USB

Adapter Cards•Add functionality to computer

Case & Power•Usually sold with power supply▫Case style (desktop, tower, etc)▫PS power requirements

•Surge Protector▫Remove spikes & surges from line

•UPS▫Internal rechargeable battery▫Provides battery backup in power

failure▫Time to save & shut down

Review 1•Which costs more, pre-assembled or custom PC?▫Custom

•Which is fine for general use?▫Pre-assembled

•What is it called when you run more than one program at a time?▫Multitasking

•What is vital for multitasking?▫More RAM

Review 2•Which type of adapter card connects you to other

devices in a LAN?▫Network card

•What device attempts to remove spikes from the electrical line?▫Surge protector

•What does a UPS do?▫Battery backup & gives you time to save & shut down

•What component processes all data?▫CPU

Safety & Best Practices•Before you open the case…▫Shut power off & remove cable

•DO NOT OPEN MONITORS OR POWER SUPPLIES!!!!•Hot-swappable▫Remove components without shutting down

•ESD can cause damage to components▫Static electricity transfer▫Wear wrist strap/grounding strap

•Review 1.5.1.3

Installing Components1. Hot swap or not?

▫ If not, unplug power2. Attach grounding strap3. Remove old component4. Put new one in5. Connect cables, close case, power up6. Start PC & driver load

▫ Might be in OS; Will prompt if not▫ Get current driver from manufacturer's web site

7. Test

Problems?•Make sure it’s on!•Check system resources

(old)•Check drivers ▫Updated?▫Wrong one?

•Reseat card/unplug & re-plug

•Restart computer

Identify Ports

End of Chapter Review (10)

Fundamentals of NetworkingDiscovery 1, Chapter 1Personal Computer Hardware