Organizational Organizational BehaviorBehavior

Why are we

studying Organizational Behavior ??

Defining OB…

A field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups and structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organization's effectiveness.

Organizational behavior is an applied behavioural science that is built upon contributions from a number of behavioral disciplines. The predominant areas are psychology, sociology, social psychology, anthropology, and political science.

Contributing Disciplines to the OB Field

PsychologyThe science that seeks to measure, explain, and sometimes change the behavior of humans and

other animals.

Learning / MotivatingPersonality / EmotionsPerception / Training

Leadership effectivenessJob satisfaction

Individual decision makingPerformance appraisalAttitude Measurement

Employee selectionWork design / Work stress

SociologyThe study of people in relation to their fellow human

beings.

Group dynamicsWork teams

CommunicationPower / Conflict

Intergroup behavior

Organization changeOrganizational culture

Social PsychologyAn area within psychology that blends concepts

from psychology and sociology and that focuses on the influence of people on one another.

Behavioral changeAttitude changeCommunicationGroup processes

Group decision making

AnthropologyThe study of societies to learn about human

beings and their activities.(A study of humanity – its evolution and types of

groups)

Comparative valuesComparative attitudesCross-cultural analysisOrganizational culture

Organizational environment

Political ScienceThe study of the behavior of individuals and

groups within a political environment.

Conflict / Power

Organization

A consciously coordinated social unit, composed of two or more people, that functions on a relatively continuous basis to achieve a common goal or set of goals.

Management FunctionsPlanning

A process that includes defining goals, establishing strategy, and developing plans to coordinate activities.

Organizing

Determining what tasks are to be done, who is to do them, how the tasks are to be grouped, who reports to whom, and where decisions are to be made.Leading

A function that includes motivating employees, directing others, selecting the most effective communication channels, and resolving conflicts.

Controlling

Monitoring activities to ensure they are being accomplished as planned and correcting any significant deviations.

Management Skills

Technical skillsThe ability to apply specialized knowledge or expertise.

Human skillsThe ability to work with, understand, and motivate other people, both individually and in groups.

Conceptual SkillsThe mental ability to analyze and diagnose complex situations.

Effective & Successful Managerial Activities

1. Traditional management•Decision making, planning, and controlling

2. Communication•Exchanging routine information and processing

paperwork

3. Human resource management•Motivating, disciplining, managing conflict, staffing,

and training

4. Networking•Socializing, politicking, and interacting with others

“Global & Cultural Diversity”

Perspectives of Organizational Cultural & Global Diversities

• Distance and Country borders are disappearing.

Eg: Honda is a Japanese company but builds its Accord in Ohio, USA. Eg: Ford has its headquarters in Detriot, USA but also has

manufacturing plants in Mexico. Eg: Coca-cola, Nissan, IBM, Motorola, Gillette, CitiBank, Ericsson,

Pillsbury, Cadbury are some of the common name now across countries.

• Ground Rule to be an effective Manager:

Understand people diversity Respect what they believe in Modify organizational practices to accommodate globally diverse

cultures.

Contd..

• Why do you think many Indians find it easier to work with companies like – Walmart, Verizon or Sprint than companies like Yokogawa & Fujitsu.

• Many business decisions are discussed and finalized during the party out time after working hours by Japanese which is not so common in Asian countries and USA.

• According to American Standard Time, meeting some at 5.00pm means 5.00pm exactly and not a minutes ahead of this. However, as per Indian Standard Time a 5.00pm meeting occasionally begins by….??

• Americans are fairly blunt and direct in their communication while Japanese and Indians are more polite.

Challenges and Opportunities for OB

• Responding to Globalization– Increased foreign assignments– Working with people from different cultures– Overseeing movement of jobs to countries with low-cost

labor

• Managing Workforce Diversity– Embracing diversity– Changing U.S. demographics– Implications for managers

• Recognizing and responding to differences

Challenges and Opportunities for OB (cont’d)

• Improving Quality and Productivity– Quality management (QM)– Process reengineering

• Responding to the Labor Shortage– Changing work force demographics– Fewer skilled laborers– Early retirements and older workers

• Improving Customer Service– Increased expectation of service quality– Customer-responsive cultures

Challenges and Opportunity for OB (cont’d)

• Improving People Skills

• Empowering People

• Stimulating Innovation and Change

• Coping with “Temporariness”

• Working in Networked Organizations

• Helping Employees Balance Work/Life Conflicts

• Improving Ethical Behavior

Reading Assignment

• Cultural Differences @ Wal-mart

Group Assignment

• Classical Conditioning Theory • Operant Conditioning Theory• Social Learning Theory

You need to summarize the key concepts of the theory.