FVCC Fire Rescue

FVCC Fire Rescue

Rescue

OBJECTIVES•2-14.1 Identify the procedures for a

primary and secondary search under fire conditions. (3-3.8)

•2-14.2 Identify the need for Technical Rescue Awareness training as presented in class.

•2-14.3 Identify requirements according to the OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 and NFPA 1670, Operations and Training for Technical Rescue Incidents.

OBJECTIVES•2-14.4 Identify the basic hand and

power tools generally used for vehicular extrication.

•2-14.5 Identify assessment of vehicular rescue situations

•2-14.6 Identify primary and secondary room search procedures under fire conditions using a rope or hose line. (3-3.8)

•2-14.7 Identify primary and secondary room search under fire conditions without using a rope or hose line. (3-3.8)

Lesson Plan

•2-14.8 Identify the removal of injured persons from an immediate hazard by the use of carries. (3-3.8)

•2-14.9 Identify the removal of injured persons from an immediate hazard by the use of drags. (3-3.8)

•2-14.10 Demonstrate primary and secondary room search procedures under fire conditions using a rope or hose line. (3-3.4(b), 3-3.8(b))

OBJECTIVES•2-14.11 Demonstrate primary and

secondary room search under fire conditions without using a rope or hose line. (3-3.8(b))

•2-14.12 Demonstrate the removal of injured persons from an immediate hazard by the use of carries. (3-3.8(b))

•2-14.13 Demonstrate the removal of injured persons from an immediate hazard by the use of drags. (3-3.8(b))

▫ IFSTA, Essentials 4th ed, Chapter 7▫Delmar Firefighter’s Handbook, 2000, Chapter 16

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SEARCH• Objectives and guidelines

▫ Finding victims▫ Obtaining information about the extent

of the fire• Guidelines

▫ Wear full protective clothing▫ Work in groups of two or more▫ Attempt to locate more than one means

of egress before entering the building▫ Search on your hands and knees▫ Search one room completely before

moving to the next▫ Start the search on an outside wall

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SEARCH▫Move all furniture, searching

behind and under each piece especially beds.

▫Search all closets and cupboards, including shower stalls

▫Pause occasionally during the search and listen for cries for help or other audible signs or signals

▫Move up and down stairs on your hands and knees Ascending – head first Descending – feet first

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SEARCH▫ After searching a room, leave an

indication that the room has been searched

▫ Look for extension of fire and report any extension to the incident commander

▫ Reach into the doorway or window with the handle of a tool, if rooms or buildings are too hot to enter

▫ Once a conscious victim is successfully removed, place the victim in someone’s custody to prevent him/her from attempting to reenter the building.

PRIMARY & SECONDARY SEARCH

•Primary search▫Quick▫Systematic▫Check areas with highest percentage of chance

for victims•Secondary search

▫Usually conducted after fire is controlled▫Slower▫More thorough than primary

NEED FOR TECHNICAL RESCUE AWARENESS

•Firefighters no longer respond to fire only.

•Firefighters are often the first responder to arrive on the scene of a special rescue or special hazard incident.

•Each of these incidents has specific inherently dangerous

characteristics requiring specialized knowledge and training.

NEED FOR TECHNICAL RESCUE AWARENESS

•Technical rescue awareness and subsequent specialized courses include:▫Structural collapse Operations & Technician.▫Confined space Operations.▫Vehicle and machinery Operations (&

Technician 2005)▫Rope Operations & Technician (II & III) ▫Trench Operations & Technician▫Water Operations (2007)▫Wilderness

REQUIREMENTS TO OSHA 29 CFR 1910.146 & NFPA 1670

Awareness: This level represents the minimum capability of a responder who, in the course of his or her regular job duties, could be called upon to respond to, or could be the first on the scene of, a technical rescue incident. This level can involve search, rescue, and recovery operations.

Members of a team at this level are generally not considered rescuers. This is basic initial company response. Responders at this level have the basic information to identify the type of incident and start initial company operations.

HAND & POWER TOOLS•Types of tools

▫Powered hydraulic tools Spreaders Shears Combination spreaders/shears Extension rams

HAND & POWER TOOLS•Manual hydraulic

tools▫Porta-power▫Hydraulic jack

•Pneumatic tools▫Pneumatic

chisels/hammers▫Air lifting bags

HAND & POWER TOOLS•Block and tackle•Cribbing

HAND & POWER TOOLS

•Methods of gaining access▫Through a normally operating door▫Through a window▫By comprising the body of the vehicle

ASSESSMENT OF VEHICULAR RESCUE SITUATIONS

•Assessment▫Approaching the scene▫Initial size-up▫On the scene▫Victims


•Vehicle stabilization▫Definition: Process of providing additional

support to key places between the vehicle and ground or other solid anchor points maximizing the area of contact between the vehicle and ground to prevent any further movement of the vehicle.

▫Methods to prevent horizontal movement Vehicle’s own mechanical systems (do not rely upon

fully) Chocking wheels


•Methods to prevent vertical movement.▫Jacks▫Cribbing▫Air-lift bags

Acceptable?

Acceptable?

Acceptable?

Acceptable?

Acceptable?

Acceptable?

Acceptable?

PRIMARY & SECONDARY ROOM SEARCHES W/ROPE OR HOSE

LINE•Don complete protective clothing•Two In-Two Out

▫Team of two firefighters attach ropes or locates hoselines to enter building for search

▫Team of two firefighters remain close to entry location to assist in rescue if necessary

•With partner, enter building on hands and knees

•Start the search on an outside wall


LINE•Move all furniture, searching behind and under each piece

•Search all closets and cupboards including shower stalls

•Search a room completely before moving to the next

•After searching a room, leave an indication that the room has been searched


LINE▫Pause occasionally during the search and listen for cries for help or other audible signs or signals

▫Move up and down stairs: When ascending, proceed head first When descending, proceed feet first

▫Reach into doorway or window with handle of a tool, if rooms or buildings are too hot to enter

▫Report an extension of the fire to the incident commander

▫Remove any victims found to safety▫If victim is conscious, please them in someone’s

custody to prevent them from reentering building

HomeworkMatch facts about power plants to the equipment to which they

apply. Write the correct letters on the blanks. Some letters will be used more than once..

_____1. Has good fuel efficiency and low or nonexistent noise during operation

_____2. Is a vehicle-mounted step-up transformer that converts the vehicle’s 12- or 24-volt DC into 110- or 220-volt AC

_____3. Is noisy, making it difficult to talk and hear near them_____4. Has small capacity and limited mobility from vehicle_____5. Is a portable power plant generating 110-and/or 220-

volt AC_____6. Has good portability and uses varied power sources_____7. Is powered by gasoline, diesel, or propane engines, or

by hydraulic or power-take-off systems_____8. Is a vehicle-mounted power plant that generates 110-

and/or 220-volt AC

a. Inverter b. Transducer c. Portable generator d. Vehicle-mounted

generator

Homework• Complete statements regarding the care and use of auxiliary electrical

equipment. Mark the correct letter for the correct answer.

9. (a. Extension b. Bungee) cords are used for routing electrical power from the source to portable equipment.

10. Extension cords may be stored in coils, on portable coil reels, or on fixed automatic (a. load-compensation b. rewind) reels.

11. (a. Twist-lock b. Self-locking) adapters are used to provide secure, safe connections.

12. A good electrical cord should be waterproof, explosion proof, and have adequate insulation with no exposed

(a. insulation b. wires).13. (a. Junction boxes b. Extension cords) are used to

provide multiple connections at a single location.

Homework

14. Do not use extension cords if wires are frayed, if bare wire is exposed, or if (a. connections b. cord coils) are loose.

15. Avoid using extension cords in (a. dry b. wet) areas.

16. Lay cords (a. overhead b. out of the way) as much as possible.

17. (a. Use b. Do not use) appropriate fire department adapters.

Homework

18. (a. Do b. Do not) tie knots in cords.19. Do not use junction boxes if obviously

damaged or if connections are (a. easy b. difficult) to make.

20. The availability of outlets (a. means b. does not mean) that a junction box has remaining power capacity.

21. Treat connected junction boxes as if they (a. are b. are not) energized.

HomeworkMatch hydraulic extrication and rescue tools to their purposes.

Write the correct letters on the blanks. 22. Heavy-duty lifting23. Compression24. Separation25. Metal cutting26. Multiple purposes

a. Hydraulic jack

b. Hydraulic spreader

c. Hydraulic shears

d. Hydraulic extension ram

e. Porta-power tool

Homework

•Match manual jacks and cribbing to their purposes. Write the correct letters on the blanks. Some blanks will contain more than one number.

27. Hold shoring in place28. Medium-duty lifting, compression29. Supporting loads

a. Bar screw jackb. Ratchet-lever jackc. Trench screw jack

Homework Match pneumatic rescue and extrication tools to their purposes.

Write the correct letters on the blanks. Some letters may be repeated.

30. Driving nails into wood and masonry31. Breaking locks, rivets, and bolts32. Puncturing33. Driving plugs34. Cutting glass and sheet metal

a. Air chisel b. Pneumatic tripod c. Pneumatic nailer

Homework• Complete air lifting bag safety guidelines. Mark the correct

letter in the blanks.35. __ Do not remove safety (a. seals, b. lines)36. __ Use (a. heavy-duty, b. sufficient) cribbing.37. __ Build cribbing with a (a. latticed, b. solid) top layer.38. __ Place bag on (a. heat-shielded, b. solid) surface.39. __ Never inflate against (a. metal, b. sharp) objects.40. __ Inflate (a. slowly, b. rapidly); monitor continually.41. __ Stand outside danger area to (a. place, b. inflate) bags.42. __ Never work (a. near, b. under) a load supported only by

bags.43. __ Avoid exposing bags to (a. heat, b. water).44. __ Never stack more than (a. two, b. three) bags.45. __ Always center (a. larger, b. smaller) on top of second

bag.46. __ Always begin inflation with (a. top, b. bottom) bag.

HomeworkSelect facts about disentanglement and patient management. Write the correct letters on

the blanks.47. Firefighter A says that once access has been gained to a victim trapped in a

vehicle, one rescuer should get in the vehicle with the victim to provide medical attention and to protect the victim during disentanglement.

• Firefighter B says that the act of disentanglement involves removing the vehicle from around the victim rather than removing the victim from the vehicle.

• Who is right?a. Firefighter A b. Firefighter B c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

48. When should treatment of a patient’s injuries begin?a. Before preparation for removal from vehicle b. Simultaneously with preparation for

removal from vehiclec. After preparation for removal from vehicle d. After removal from vehicle

49. What is the foremost consideration when assessing a vehicle extrication?a. Speed of extrication b. Minimizing damage to vehicle c. Patient’s safety d. Relieving patient’s pain

50. Which route should rescuers choose to gain access to a vehicle?a. The easiest b. The one farthest from the victim c. The most cost effective d. The one closest to the victim

51. If a vehicle’s doors do not open normally, what is usually the next logical choice for gaining access to a victim?

a. Through the trunk b. Through the roof c. Removing the doors d. Through the windows

Homework

Distinguish between laminated glass and tempered glass. Write “A” before characteristics that apply to laminated glass and “B” before characteristics of tempered glass.

52. __ Used in side windows and some rear windows53. __ Used for windshields and some rear windows54. __ Made of layers of glass and plastic55. __ Made of a solid piece of glass56. __ Breaks in many small pieces57. __ Breaks in large shards and fragments

Homework• Select the correct method for removing vehicle glass. Write the

correct letters on the blanks.• Note: More than one tool may be suitable for each situation.

However, in each case, the specific conditions make a particular tool preferable over the others.

58. The only access to the passengers in the front seat of a vehicle is through the windshield

a. Center punch b. Axe c. Reciprocating saw d. Chain saw59. A collision in a tunnel involving a bulk tank transport truck

has produced an explosive atmosphere; for one vehicle, the only access is through the door windows

a. Center punch b. Axe c. Reciprocating saw d. Chain saw60. A collision in a tunnel involving a bulk tank transport truck

has produced an explosive atmosphere; for one vehicle, the only access is through the windshield

a. Center punch b. Axe c. Reciprocating saw d. Chain saw

Match vehicle roof posts to their letter designations. Write the correct numbers on the blanks below:

_____ 61. The post at the rear of the rear door_____ 62. The post at the front of the driver’s door_____ 63. The post between the front and rear doorsa) A Post b) B Post c) C Post

HomeworkMatch types of building collapse to their descriptions. Write the

correct letters on the blanks. Some letters will be used more than once.

64. Is caused by the simultaneous failure of opposing exterior walls65. Is caused by the failure of one supporting wall while the other

remains intact to hold up one end of the floor or roof structure66. Is the least stable collapse pattern and is the most vulnerable to

secondary collapse 67. Is the collapse pattern least likely to create voids in which

victims can survive 68. Is caused by the collapse of the center of an upper floor or roof

structure while the outer walls remain intact69. Is caused by the failure of one side wall in a multistory building

with floors or partial floors extending from the intact wall70. Creates one large triangular void71. Creates habitable voids along the outside walls on either side of

the collapsea) V-Shape b) Cantilever c) Lean-To d) Pancake

Homework• Select facts about trench rescue operations. Write the correct letters on the blanks.72. Rescuers should not be sent into a trench unless ___.a. Their safety can be reasonably ensured and they have been trained.b. More than one victim is in a life-threatening situation.c. All toxic vapors have been purged from the trench.d. They have been trained in cave rescue techniques and are equipped with SCBA.

73. What type of stabilization is required prior to entering a trench?a. Tunneling b. Chocking c. Shoring d. Construction of wooden wall inserts to line trench walls

74. Firefighter A says that qualified rescue teams can enter trenches that are oxygen-deficient or contaminated if they wear SCBA.

• Firefighter B says that qualified rescue teams can enter trenches that are oxygen-deficient or contaminated if the trench has been mechanically ventilated.

• Who is right?a. Firefighter A b. Firefighter B c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

75. Where should additional personnel be positioned during trench operations?a. At each end of trench b. On each side of trench immediately over rescuersc. In the trench at the end opposite the rescue area d. Away from the edges of the trench

76. How far above the top of the trench should exit ladders extend for trench rescue?a. 3 feet b. Three rungs c. At least 14 inches d. One rung

77. Which of the following is true of trench rescue operations?a. The incident is likely to involve electrical, gas, or water utilities.b. Exit ladders should be placed no more than 10 feet (3 m) apart along the length of the trench.c. Rescuers should use extreme haste in probing for buried victims with picks and pike poles.d. Debris removed from the trench should be placed as close as possible to the edge of the trench to add

mass and strength to the side walls.

Homework• Select facts about rescue operations involving electricity. Write the correct letters on the blanks.78. Under what circumstances should downed power lines no longer be considered electrical

hazards?a. If they are not sparking b. If they are in contact with the groundc. If they have not cause a fire d. None of the above; power lines should be assumed to be energized

79. Who should cut electrical power lines at incident sites?a. Only power company personnelb. Only department personnel who have specifically trained for electrical isolationc. Any department personnel equipped with proper dielectric toolsd. None of the above; power lines should not be cut

80. What is true about electrical voltage where an energized power line is in contact with the ground?

a. The line is safe because it is grounded.b. The ground at the point of contact will be energized, and the voltage will decrease in an expanding

radius around the point of contact.c. The ground at the point of contact will be energized, and the voltage will increase in an expanding

radius around the point of contact.d. The amount of voltage at any point around the line is strictly a matter of the line voltage.

81. What is the recommended distance to be maintained from downed power lines? A distance equal to ___.

a. 100 feet (30 m) b. 10 feet (3 m) for each 1,000 volts of currentc. One span between poles d. Two spans between poles

82. Which of the following is a danger presented by downed power lines?a. Metal objects, such as fences and bridges, in contact with power lines may become energized.b. Exposed electrical wiring produces toxic levels of copper sulfate gas when energized.c. The flow of electricity from the end of the wire can cause the line to jump around uncontrollably.d. Fires caused by energized power lines are impossible to extinguish until power has been removed.

Homework• Distinguish between rescues and recoveries. Mark “A” before

each statement below that applies to rescues and “B” before each that applies to recoveries.

83. The victim is floundering.84. The victim has been submerged for 20 minutes.85. The goal of the operation is to find the body and bring it to

shore.86. The victim is holding to a floating log.87. The goal of the operation is to save the victim.88. The victim has been submerged for 40 minutes.

HomeworkSelect facts about elevator and escalator rescues. Write the correct letters on the

blanks. 89. What resource should firefighters obtain when responding to an

emergency involving elevators or escalators?a. A qualified mechanic b. Poling equipment c. Appropriate power tools d. All of the above

90. Under what circumstances should firefighters initiate a rescue without the aid of an elevator mechanic?

a. If the elevator is trapped between floors b. If the elevator passengers have become distraught

c. If there is a medical emergency d. Any of the above

91. Under what circumstances should firefighters alter the mechanical system of the elevator to move the elevator?

a. If the elevator is trapped between floorsb. If the elevator passengers have become distraughtc. If there is a medical emergencyd. None of the above; firefighters should never alter the elevator’s mechanical system

92. Where are stop switches for escalators located?a. On a nearby wall b. At the base of the escalatorc. At a point close to where the handrail goes into the newel base d. Any of the

above

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FVCC Fire Rescue