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FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

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Page 1: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

FYS 100Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms

Fall 2008

Burg

Digital Photography Assignment

Page 2: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Choosing the Pixel Dimensions and File Type When You Take a Picture

with your Digital Camera •You should know the choice of pixel dimensions and file types for your digital camera.•File type is often JPEG, TIFF, or RAW (a proprietary file format). •JPEG files are compressed with a lossy compression method.•TIFF files can be compressed or uncompressed. •Your choice of pixel dimension and file type – coupled with the amount of memory you have in your camera – determines how many pictures you can take and store on the camera (or in its memory card).

Page 3: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Lossy vs. Lossless Compression

• Lossy compression removes some detail, but it’s probably detail you wouldn’t notice anyway.

• JPEG is lossy (but still good quality).

• The compression type used with TIFF is lossless (but you don’t have to compress a TIFF file).

Page 4: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Nikon CoolPix 995

“Image Quality,” which determines the file

type and whether or not there is

compression

a 2001 prosumer camera

Page 5: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Nikon CoolPix 995pixel dimension settings

(which they call “image size”)

Page 6: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

NIKON D100• Pixel dimensions: 

– 3008 X 2000 pixels, 2240 X 1488 pixels, or 1504 X 1000 pixels

• six possible file types: – NEF raw uncompressed (12 bits per pixel) – NEF raw compressed – TIFF-RGB (uncompressed) – JPEG Fine (lossy compression at a ratio of 4:1) – JPEG Normal (lossy compression at a ratio of 8:1) – JPEG Basic (lossy compression at a ratio of 16:1)

(See page 43 of the camera manual for the relationship between image size in terms of pixels, image quality, and image size in terms of number of bytes required for storage.)

Page 7: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

NIKON D100• 3D matrix metering as its method to determine correct

exposure (See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_metering.)• built-in Speedlight • single frame, continuous, or self-timer shooting modes • "film" sensitivity levels between values roughly equivalent to

between ISO 200 and 1600 in steps equivalent to 1/3 EV.  Higher values of HI-1 (ISO 3200) and HI-2 (ISO 6400) also possible.

• manual settings can be made for aperture, sensitivity, shutter speed, focus, single-shot vs. continuous mode, etc.

• storage medium – Nikon, SanDisk, LexarMedia, or IBM CompactFlash cards

• photos transferable to computer through USB cable or CompactFlash Card adapter

Page 8: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

NIKON D100 SetUp

Page 9: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

NIKON D100 SetUp

Page 10: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

NIKON D100 SetUp

Page 11: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Canon Powershot SD750

Page 12: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Canon Powershot SD750

Page 13: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Image Size in Inches

• The physical size of an image, in inches, is a combination of the number of pixels in the image coupled with the number of pixels you put into each inch.

• On a computer screen, each pixel in the image file is correlated with a pixel on the computer screen.

• For a printed picture, you can specify how many pixels from the image file you want to use for each inch in the printed picture. This is called the resolution – pixels per inch (ppi). A resolution of 200 or 300 ppi is usually sufficient for good image quality.

Page 14: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

File Size

• How many 2048 x 1536 uncompressed TIFF images can you fit on a 64 MB memory card? – MB standards for megabyte (220 bytes)– We think of a megabyte as about 1,000,000

bytes, but it’s actually more. It’s 220 = 1,048,576.

– RGB color is used. This means that one byte is used for each of the R, G, and B color channels – a total of three bytes per pixel.

Page 15: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Let’s do the arithmetic…

2048 x 1536 = 3,145,728 pixels3,145,728 pixels * 3 bytes/pixel = 9,437,184

bytes9,437,184 bytes 9.4 MB64 9.4 = 6

Six 2048 x 1536 uncompressed TIFF pictures can be stored on a 64 MB memory card

Page 16: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Aperture

• Aperture is the opening in the lens to let light in.

• The bigger the opening, the more light is let in, and the less time you need to take the picture.

Page 17: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Focal Length

• Focal length is the distance from the rear of the lens to the point where the light rays through the lens are focused onto the sensor plane where the colors are sensed.

• This distance is typically measured in millimeters (mm).

Page 18: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

F-Stop

• F-stop is the ratio of the focal length of the lens to the diameter of the opening of the aperture. A smaller f-stop number means a wider aperture.

Page 19: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Aperture, Focal Length, and F-Stop

• Wider apertures let in more light.

• Wider apertures (i.e., smaller f-stop numbers) also create a shallower depth of field.

• A shallow depth of field makes objects in the foreground stand out while the background is blurry.

Page 20: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

f2 f2.8 f4

f5.6 f8 f11

F-stops

Page 21: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Shallow depth of field

From Digital Photography by Katrin Eismann, Seán Duggan, and Tim Grey,PeachPit Press

Deep focus

Page 22: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

Point-and-Shoot and “Prosumer” Cameras

• Point-and-shoot automatically adjust the f-stop, shutter speed, and focus as you take a picture.

• Some allow you have a few options for pixel dimensions and or/or file type, but perhaps not. You might be able to take only JPEG images in a fixed pixel dimension.

• “Prosumer” cameras are somewhere between professional and consumer level. Nikon CoolPix 995 is a prosumer camera.

Page 23: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

SLR Cameras

• SLR refers to single lens reflex. This is a professional grade camera. You look straight through the lens.

• Professional digital SLRs use an imaging sensor that’s the same size as the 35mm film they replace, so the specs of lens size and focal length match what you might be used to in analog cameras.

• SLRs often have interchangeable lenses.

Page 24: FYS 100 Creative Discovery in Digital Art Forms Fall 2008 Burg Digital Photography Assignment

NIKON D100: A 2002-model SLR Camera

• SLR (single-lens reflex) The advantage of SLR is that when you look through the viewfinder, you are seeing exactly the image that you will take.  This makes it possible for you to use manual focusing in a very accurate way.

• We bought two lenses for the camera.  (You often have to buy the lenses of SLR cameras separately.) – Nikon AF Nikkor – Nikon AF Micro Nikkor 60mm f/2.8D (for close-ups)

• CCD (charge-coupled device) is 23.7 x 15.6 mm/0.9" x 0.6" • Advertised as 6.1 million "effective" pixels  (Multiply 3008 x 2000

and you get approximately this value. Manufacturers always advertise their maximum pixel size ("megapixels") to their advantage.)