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GA Guildford 2011 GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Progress in Geography Geography 21 21 st st Century Skills Century Skills Helen Hore Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex Subject Leader, Central Sussex College College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

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Page 1: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

GA Guildford 2011GA Guildford 2011Progress in GeographyProgress in Geography

2121stst Century Skills Century SkillsHelen HoreHelen Hore

Subject Leader, Central Sussex CollegeSubject Leader, Central Sussex College

Post 16 and HE Phase CommitteePost 16 and HE Phase Committee

Page 2: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

What skills should our students be What skills should our students be developing?developing?

Use existing databasesUse existing databases Be able to produce charts on ExcelBe able to produce charts on Excel Use Excel (or calculator) for number Use Excel (or calculator) for number

crunching Spearman’s Rank Correlation crunching Spearman’s Rank Correlation CoefficientCoefficient

Page 3: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Statistical Exercise on Water Statistical Exercise on Water PovertyPoverty

Ready-made exercise to analyse Ready-made exercise to analyse relationship between variables and relationship between variables and attempt to explain them:attempt to explain them: Water Poverty IndexWater Poverty Index % water use in agriculture% water use in agriculture Water consumptionWater consumption GDP (PPP)GDP (PPP)

Page 4: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

ApplicationApplication

Edexcel – A2 Water ConflictsEdexcel – A2 Water Conflicts WJEC – A2 Sustainable Water SupplyWJEC – A2 Sustainable Water Supply AQA – A2 Contemporary Conflicts and AQA – A2 Contemporary Conflicts and

ChallengesChallenges

Page 5: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Water Poverty IndexWater Poverty Index

ResourcesResources – the quantity of surface and – the quantity of surface and groundwater per person, and its qualitygroundwater per person, and its quality

Access Access – the time and distance involved in – the time and distance involved in obtaining sufficient safe waterobtaining sufficient safe water

CapacityCapacity – how well the community – how well the community manages its water (and health)manages its water (and health)

Use Use – how economically water is used in – how economically water is used in the home and by agriculture and industrythe home and by agriculture and industry

EnvironmentEnvironment – ecological sustainability – ecological sustainability

Page 6: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

The Task – Acquiring DataThe Task – Acquiring Data

Access World Resources Institute Access World Resources Institute databasedatabase

http://earthtrends.wri.org/searchable_db/index.php?action=select_countries&theme=2&variable_ID=1299

Click on Water Resources and Freshwater Click on Water Resources and Freshwater Ecosystems from top menuEcosystems from top menu

Page 7: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Acquiring data 1Acquiring data 1

Open the database for ‘groundwater Open the database for ‘groundwater withdrawals - % used for agricultural withdrawals - % used for agricultural purposes’purposes’

Choose ONE country each – include Choose ONE country each – include different levels of developmentdifferent levels of development

Access other databases – ‘Water Access other databases – ‘Water Poverty Index’ and ‘Water withdrawals, Poverty Index’ and ‘Water withdrawals, annual per capita’annual per capita’

Page 8: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Acquiring data 2Acquiring data 2

Select from top menu ‘Economy, Select from top menu ‘Economy, Business, and the Environment – GDP Business, and the Environment – GDP per capita (PPP – current international per capita (PPP – current international dollars)dollars)

Find latest value for your countryFind latest value for your country Add all values to the class dataset and Add all values to the class dataset and

then make this available to the classthen make this available to the class

Page 9: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

CorrelationCorrelation

Page 10: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Create ChartsCreate Charts

Select each of the Select each of the first 3 variables to plot first 3 variables to plot against GDP and against GDP and create scatter graph create scatter graph for eachfor each

Add title, label axesAdd title, label axes Click on chart area Click on chart area

and add trendlineand add trendline

Wealth and WPI

UK France

Australia

New Zealand

0

20

40

60

80

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

GDP per capita

Wat

er P

over

ty In

dex USABrazil

South AfricaJ amaica

Dom Rep

J ordanEthiopia

Niger

EgyptBangladesh

GhanaKenya

Page 11: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Spearman’s Rank Correlation Spearman’s Rank Correlation CoefficientCoefficient

FIRST rank the values in each datasetFIRST rank the values in each dataset Calculate coefficient for each water Calculate coefficient for each water

variable against GDP (PPP) by correlating variable against GDP (PPP) by correlating the ranksthe ranks

Use the formulae: Use the formulae: =CORREL(A1:A10,B1:B10)=CORREL(A1:A10,B1:B10)

Page 12: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Spearman’s Rank Correlation Spearman’s Rank Correlation CoefficientCoefficient

Page 13: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

SignificanceSignificance

Page 14: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Water Poverty IndexWater Poverty Index

Wealth and WPI

UK France

Australia

New Zealand

0

20

40

60

80

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

GDP per capita

Wat

er P

ove

rty

Ind

ex

USABrazil

South AfricaJ amaica

Dom Rep

J ordanEthiopia

Niger

EgyptBangladesh

GhanaKenya

Positive correlation

Rs = 0.83

As GDP (PPP) increases, so does the WPI (high is good!)

Poverty means water poverty

Page 15: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Water Withdrawals for AgricultureWater Withdrawals for Agriculture

Wealth and water withdrawals for argiculture

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

GDP per capita

wat

er w

ith

dra

wal

s ag

ric

%

Australia

USA

FranceUK

New Zealand

BrazilSouth Africa

Dom Rep

J amaicaJ ordan

KenyaGhana

EgyptTanzania

CambodiaMadagascar

Niger

Ethiopia

Negative correlation

Rs = -0.71

As GDP (PPP) increases, water withdrawals for agriculture decreases.

In poorer nations, a greater % of water is used in agriculture.

Page 16: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee

Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Analysis - Wealth GDP (PPP) and Water Withdrawals per CapitaWater Withdrawals per Capita

Wealth and water withdrawals

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

0 5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000 40000 45000 50000

GDP per capita

wa

ter

wit

hd

raw

als

France

USA

AustraliaUK

New Zealand

Brazil

Egypt

Bangladesh

South Africa

CambodiaJamaica

JordanKenya

No correlation

Rs = 0.26

Other variables are more important here

- Climate regions and variety within one nation

- Water availability, rivers, lakes, reservoirs

Page 17: GA Guildford 2011 Progress in Geography 21 st Century Skills Helen Hore Subject Leader, Central Sussex College Post 16 and HE Phase Committee