46
1 SUBMITTED TO: MD. EMDAD SARKER LECTURER DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE

Garments Manufacturing

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Garments Manufacturing

1

SUBMITTED TO:

MD. EMDAD SARKER

LECTURER

DEPARTMENT OF TEXTILE

Page 2: Garments Manufacturing

2

PREPARED BY: MD. MAKSUDUR RAHMAN …2008100400003

SAYED OBAED MD. HASIB …2008100400009

SAMIRAN BISWAS …2008100400010

MD. MAZHARUL ISLAM …2008100400022

MD. AZIZUR RAHMAN …2008100400024

MD. ISLAMUL HAQ …2008100400030

MD. AL- ROBAED …2008100400036

MD. NIAZ MORSHED …2008100400037

MD. GOLAM KIBRIA …2008100400040

Page 3: Garments Manufacturing

3

TABLE OF CONTENT

SERIAL TOPIC PAGE NO.

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT2. INTRODUCTION3.

Page 4: Garments Manufacturing

4

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our gratitude to those, without their blessings and cooperation this assignment would not be prepared:

First of all we are grateful to all mighty Allah for his Marcy on us.

Then we like to thank the authority of Moonlux garments Ltd. For their guidance and help.

Now we like to thank Md. Hafizur Rahman, senior marcentiser, Hence Design Ltd. For his guidance, spontaneous support and constructive encouragement.

Special thanks to Md. Emdad Sarker, lecturer, Dept. of Textile, Southeast University; for giving us a chance to prepare this assignment.

We also like to acknowledge our friends for their silence support.

Page 5: Garments Manufacturing

5

PROCESS FLOW CHART OF GARMENTS MANUFACTURING:

DESIGN

BASIC BLOCK

WORKING PATTERN

SAMPLE MAKING

FAULT DETECTION

APPROVED SAMPLE

COSTING

PRODUCTION PATTERN

GRADING

MARKER MAKING

FABRIC SPREADING

CUTTING

SORTING

SEWING

IRONING & FINISHING

FINAL INSPECTION

PACKING

CARTOONING

SHIPMENT

Page 6: Garments Manufacturing

6

Various sections of garments industries:

Sample section Cutting section Sewing section Finishing section

FUNCTION OF VARIOUS SECTION

SAMPLE SECTION:

It is the primary section of garment industries. This section does all purposes from pattern design to sample making.

This section is used for-a)     Making sample garment for approval.

b)     Making pattern sets for bulk production when needed.

Working sequence of this section is below;

DESIGN/SKETCH

BASIC BLOCK

WORKING PATTERN

SAMPLE MAKING

FAULT DECTION

APPROVED SAMPLE

COASTING

Page 7: Garments Manufacturing

7

Sketch sample garment

Designers and merchandisers develop a line from the ground up. Using traditional methods and state of the art CAD systems, they develop all accepted   line   from  theme,   color  direction,   fabrications,   graphics  and packaging   to   SKU   plans,   flat   sketches   and   specifications.   They   also develop all materials needed for merchandising and sales presentations.

Working pattern

Pattern is a hard paper on which the garments design is sketch according to original measurement & shape. When a pattern is made with allowance is known as working pattern.

Page 8: Garments Manufacturing

8

 Pattern makers should have long years experience making patterns. They can create the first pattern or make alterations to existing hard paper patterns or digitized data. Everything from a simple T shirt or pants to fully constructed jackets, suits and wedding dresses. The first pattern can be created based on any of below information you can provide:- Sketch and size specification- Sample 

Pattern makers are responsible for translating a fashion designer's vision from paper to fabric. Often working with a mere drawing, the pattern maker transforms the image into the actual design. Oftentimes, designers sketch only the front of a design, leaving the rest of the design to the pattern maker. Many designers do not even know how to sew, and sometimes the sketches cannot actually be made. For instance, a particular type of fabric that the designer envisions may not be able to be cut or sewn to the designer's original image. The pattern maker often works in conjunction with the designer to create the actual designs. From suits to dresses, the two must work together to ensure that the original vision is created in fabric. Often the original design is modified as the two works in conjunction to make the design a reality.

Using the approved graded patterns would make highly efficient based on order, which will reduce fabric costs, increasing profit margins. Requirements will be consider regarding the shrinkage, the kinds of fabric-plaid or stripe, block buffer, block fuse.  There are several benefits for having markers produced using computers: 1. Improved efficiency will reduce fabric costs. 2. Electronic markers may be sent via email to avoid costly shipping charges and reduce delivery time. 3. If recuts are necessary, the markers are readily available for reprinting.

Page 9: Garments Manufacturing

9

 

PATTERN GRADING

Pattern grading in conformity specifications

Pattern grading is the scaling of a pattern to a different size by incrementing important points of the pattern using an algorithm in the clothing industry. The purpose of grading is to proportionally increase or decrease the size of a pattern, while maintaining shape, fit, balance, and scale of style details (dress, original design). To properly fit a pattern to a range of sizes, each pattern piece needed to be graded, or systematically increased or decreased. The first step in any grading exercise is to accurately measure your base pattern. Sometimes we can find the key measurements needed (bust, waist, and hip) on the pattern envelope.

Approved sample

The sample which is sent to buyer to approve and after approval the sample known as approved sample.

Page 10: Garments Manufacturing

10

Fault detection:

After making the sample garments, it is send to the quality control for fault detection. If there is any fault , the quality officer mark those.

After checking and marking the fault, garments are again send to the sample section. They correct the faults and again send to the quality. If it is ok, then it is

Page 11: Garments Manufacturing

11

send to the buyer for approval. If the sample pleased the buyer, he will approved it. Otherwise he will send it back for correction. After approval garments move to next stage.

Page 12: Garments Manufacturing

12

Sample Making

Marks and cuts out material and sews parts of new style garments, following patterns, sketches, and design specifications, to prepare sample garments: Selects garment parts and threads, according to design specifications. Positions and aligns parts of sample garment together, following markings on parts, sketches, and patterns. Sews parts and attaches accessories and ornamentations, using needle and thread or sewing machine. Drapes garment on model form, examines fit and hang of garment, and marks garment to indicate position of fasteners and trimmings, such as sashes, belts, and emblems. May sew fasteners and trimmings to garments, using needle and thread or sewing machine. May mark and cut materials to obtain garment parts, following patterns or designer's sketches. May press garments by hand or machine. May join dress parts to prove correctness of pattern as to fit and hang of garment and be designated Duplicate Maker (garment).

  

There are many reasons for making a sample garment, and although it can be a tiresome and often boring process, it gives you a finished pattern that is adapted to you and can be used for endless amounts of finished garments.

The fabric you make your sample garment out of will be dependent on what you want to make your finished garment in. There is no point making a sample skirt out of stretch fabric if you intend to have the finished skirt in non stretch fabric. It is just a waste of time. Sample garments give you a chance to see how the finished garment will fit you. Is it the right size? Is it the right length? Are there any changes you need to make? Consider the fabric you will make the finished garment in. Will it be a thick double layer jacket? Then you’ll need to make the sample a little larger to accommodate this. It is wise to make the sample out of the cheapest fabric you can find. Go to you local fabric store and look at their end of roll stuff, their cheap and discount stuff, their sale stuff. It doesn’t need to be fancy, look for unbleached cotton or calico, and stretch T-shirt fabric.

Page 13: Garments Manufacturing

13

Pattern making services are responsible

Draws outlines of clothing pieces into tracing paper and cutting out the pieces.

Oversees the work of other pattern makers and add to their ongoing knowledge.

Creates style patterns according to the information from Design and Management team.

Ensures all pattern related deadline are met. Leads the fit process and updates patterns and size

specifications accordingly, ensuring other teams are in agreement with regards to fit needs per style.

Keeps the respective interfaces updated of the change. Achieves consistency in fit by ensuring that style pattern

is based on style templates. Responds to all inquiries concerning size tables or size

specifications. Tests new garment constructions. Alters garment and joins parts, using needle and thread

or sewing machine, to form finished garment. Draws individual pattern or alters existing pattern to fit

customer's measurements. Assembles garment parts and joins parts with basting

stitches, using needle and thread or sewing machine.

Prices and Costs

Prices are calculated by difficulty and technical specification of the model also by number of pieces, sizes and clients requirements. It could obtain the price after your concrete inquiry.

Buying Things for garments preparation:

Page 14: Garments Manufacturing

14

First it will need to measure each pattern piece to see how much fabric each single piece needs, that way when you know the fabric width you will be able to sketch out the layout of the pattern pieces on the fabric.

Remember all the pattern pieces need to run in the same direction, One can’t cut things out all over the place just because they fit on the fabric and one is trying to use less fabric, or the garment will look very wrong.

It also need to think about the layout if one is using patterned or striped fabrics, and make sure the pattern on the fabric matches up when garments are cut , sometimes this requires to buy a little extra fabric. It is not as important in the sleeves or backs of garments, but if the front doesn’t match up, it will look strange and draw attention in the wrong way.

Mismatched stripes (as in the left jacket in the picture) don’t look good, take care when cutting!

When it come to zips, they are in standard sizes, there is more sizes to choose from in smaller zips, for example they run, 8cm, 10cm 22 cm etc, but in the larger sizes, like the type one would use in a jacket they come 40cm, 45cm 50cm etc.

If the length of the front of jacket is 38 cm, one can choose to lengthen the jacket a little and buy a 40cm zip, or can be inserted a 35cm zip, and have some space at

Page 15: Garments Manufacturing

15

the collar or waist, or you can shorten the jacket to 35cm. The same applies for zips in skirts, when they are being used down the whole length of the skirt.

Finding the exact sized zip for pants, or in skirts, when they are shorter zips, and don’t need to be a separating zip, you can use a slightly longer zip, and just leave the excess of the zip hang in the clothes (separating meaning zips that don’t join at the bottom, and can be entirely opened and separated). Don’t cut the zip off if it is too long, the zip will split after some use, and will have to be replaced, which is much more difficult in a finished garment, as you will have to un-pick the garment to replace the zip.

Cutting section:

It is the second section of apparel manufacturing. The main purpose of this section is to cut the fabric according to the pattern of approved sample. In this section the following works are completed-

a) Marker Making

b) Fabric Spreading

c) Fabric Cutting

Working sequence of this section is below;

Page 16: Garments Manufacturing

16

MARKER MAKING:

Markers are layouts of pattern pieces for the purpose of cutting.  Great effort is made to arrange patterns in the most material economizing manner, within the constraints of fabric type, width, nap, and fabric designs (e.g., plaid or stripes). 

Fig. Marker making

Fabric spreading:

After marker planning, next tasks

to spread fabric on the table for cutting.

Spreading can be done manually or automatic. While fabric cutting some things should keep in mind;

Fabric should spread in currect aligment. Ply tension should keep accurate for hole time, while spreading. Fabric must keep flat. Derection of spreading should indicate all time. Distorsion paper should to avoid distortion while spreading. For stripe fabric , special care should take.

PRODUCTION PATTERN GRADING

MARKER MAKING

FABRIC SPREADING CUTTING

SORTING & BUNDLING

Page 17: Garments Manufacturing

17

To reduce static electricity, earth thing may be use. For easy separation, paper may be use between the lay of fabric.

Fig. Fabric spreading

Page 18: Garments Manufacturing

18

Cutting:Fabric cutting is the most important part of garment industry. Cutting different parts of garment apparel very carefully according to shape of pattern is called fabric cutting. Consistent fabric cutting is very important for perfect garments making.

Requirement of cutting:

Precision of cut- To ensure the cutting of fabric aquirtly according to the line drown of the marker plan.

Clean edge- By avoiding the fraing out of yarn from the fabric edge. Cutting edge must be smooth clean. Knife must be sharp for smooth or clean edge.

Consistency in cutting- All the sizing safe of the cutting parts should be same of knife should be operated of the right angle of the fabric lay.

Methods of fabric cutting:

There are mainly three methods of cutting are as follows:

1. Fully manual:

~ Hand operated scissor

2. Manually operated power knife:

~ Straight knife

Page 19: Garments Manufacturing

19

~ Band knife

~ Round knife

~ Die cutting

~ Notcher

~ Drill

3. Computerized methods of fabric cutting:

~ Computer controlled knife cutting

~ Cutting by Laser beam

~ Cutting by Water jet

~ Cutting by Plasma torch

A guideline for cutting fabric in garments industry is given below;

A table or lap-board, large enough to lay the entire pattern upon, is required; also

paper, sharp shears, weights, pins, tape-measure, needles, and thread.

The first thing to be observed in cutting is whether the cloth has a right and a

wrong side. If it has a design, consider the heavier part as the bottom; a vine should

run upwards; the nap on the cloth should run downwards.

Before cutting, ascertain if there is sufficient cloth by laying the different parts of

the pattern upon the cloth in such positions, that the cloth will not be unnecessarily

wasted; being careful in regard to the up and down of the cloth. When there is a

scarcity of material, the underneath parts of the sleeves may be pieced, hems may

be faced, and the small pieces may often be used for the trimmings.

Page 20: Garments Manufacturing

20

The length of the main parts of a garment (as back, front, and sleeves) should be

cut parallel to the selvedge or warp of the cloth. Fig. 102 represents a wrapper

placed On cloth, which is folded lengthwise through the middle; the edge of the

front is placed on the selvedge, and the back on the fold of the cloth, to avoid a

seam at the back of the skirt. The vertical perforations in the side-back and both

portions of the sleeve are placed lengthwise of the cloth. The perforations near the

edges of the patterns show the seams, where alterations should be made. The

perforations near the centre of the front indicate where the darts should be taken

up.

In cutting plain goods, two similar parts can be cut at once by folding either the

right or the wrong sides together; the selvedges or edges of the material should first

be pinned together to prevent slipping. When the cloth cannot be doubled, great

care must be taken not to cut similar parts (as sleeves) for the same side; this can

always be avoided by laying one part upon the material, with either the right or

wrong sides together.

Having the cloth spread out evenly, place a weight or insert a pin at the middle of

each part of the pattern. Smoothing out each part from the middle, pin it to the

cloth, being careful to place pins closely at the middle of the darts, at the curves,

and one at each corner of the pattern. Cut evenly and close to the edge of the

pattern, and be very particular at the curves.

Linings should be cut and basted carefully on to the wrong side of the cloth, before

cutting the cloth. The notches on the edges of the pattern should only be cut in the

lining.

In cutting linings or unlined garments, the marks for the seams may be made by a

tracing-wheel, or they may be pricked with a large needle. Where there are

perforations, a pencil or chalk may be used. When two parts of a garment are cut at

once, especially on woolen materials - pin the pattern securely through both

thicknesses of cloth. With a coarse, doubled thread take the first stitch in the centre

Page 21: Garments Manufacturing

21

of the perforation and through both thicknesses of cloth; take another stitch in the

same place, and, in drawing the thread through, leave a loop the size of a pencil. At

the next perforation make a similar stitch, leaving the thread loose between the

perforations, and so continue, until all the perforations are marked. Then cut out

the parts, separate the two edges of cloth, as far as the thread will permit, and

carefully cut the threads midway between the two edges. Cut the long stitch on the

upper side, in the middle, and remove the paper pattern. The threads left in the

cloth serve as a guide for

Hand operated scissor:

Scissors are used for cutting various thin materials, such as paper, cardboard, metal foil, thin plastic, cloth, rope and wire.

Advantage of hand scissor:

- Almost every type of cloth are cut by scissor.- Scissors are mainly used for cutting single ply fabric.

Disadvantage of hand scissor:

- It takes huge time for fabric cutting- It is impossible to cut the fabric lay of any height

Straight knife cutting:

The most useful cutting machine in garments industry is the straight knife cutting machine.

Advantage of straight knife:

Page 22: Garments Manufacturing

22

- The knife is comparatively cheap & can be transferred from one place to another easily. - Lay of higher height can be cut very easily.- Suitable for large production rate as it is convenient to cut the lay of 10 inches height.- Fabric can be cut from any angle.

Disadvantage of straight knife:

- Sometimes deflecting may occur due to the weight of the motor.

- Chance of accident is high.

Round knife:

Round knife is mostly use for cutting the big parts of the garments pattern.

Advantage of round knife:

- Round knife is widely used to separate the big parts and separate the blocks of fabric from relatively small height fabric lay.

Disadvantage of round knife:

- Not suitable for cutting very curved lines in higher number of lays as the blade does not strike all the piles simultaneously at the same point.

- Round knife is used only for straight line & lower number of piles.- Not suitable for higher production.- Possibility of accident is high.- Difficult to cut small components.

Band knife:

Band knife cutting machine is look like a wood cutter machine. Band knife is used for precession cutting small parts of garment.

Page 23: Garments Manufacturing

23

Advantage of band knife:

- Band knife are used when a higher standard of cutting accuracy is required.- Consistent cutting is possible by using the templates.- Possible to cut in 90 angle of the fabric.

Disadvantage of band knife:

- Workload is high as machine is stationary & fabric is movable.- It is not suitable for cutting large amount of garments pattern.- Fabric wastages are very high.

Die cutting:

Die cutting methods are generally used for cutting the small parts of garment. It works like dish.

Advantage of die cutting:

- Die cutting is suitable for precession cutting of small parts of a garment.- It is suitable for cutting the fabric in any angle &any shape.- Especially suitable for knitted fabric.

Disadvantage of die cutting:

- Die cutting method needs block of fabric lay.- More fabric wastage.- Die manufacturing cost is high.

Notcher:

Notcher is the special kind of machine which is used for cutting notch in the edge of the fabric.

Advantage of notcher:

- It has heating arrangement for durable effect of notch.- Fraying dose not occur.

Page 24: Garments Manufacturing

24

Disadvantage of notcher:

- It is expensive.- It can be used for notch making .

Drill:

Drilling is done for attaching darts and pockets in garment.

Advantage of drill:

- It has heating arrangement.- It has a system of yarn penetrating.

Disadvantage of drill:

- It is very expensive.- The fabric become penetrated. - Not suitable for loosely woven fabric

Computer controlled knife cutting:

Advantage:

- Very active & fast cutting by computer controlled system.- Suitable for very large-scale production.- Speed of cutting can be controlled.- Cutting defects are less than other.

-Less labor cost.

-No need of marker paper.

Disadvantage:

-Very expensive machine.

Page 25: Garments Manufacturing

25

-Higher maintenance cost.

-Skied manpower is required.

Water jet cutting:

Advantage:

-Very fast cutting operation

-Not require to sharp the blade

Disadvantage:

- Capital costs are high- Water is to be filtered and de-ionized

Laser cutting:

Advantage:

- Very high speed cutting - Suitable for single ply cutting

Disadvantage:

- Not suitable for cutting multi layer of fabric- Not suitable for synthetic fabric- Possibility of burning

Sewing section:

Garment’s cut parts are assembled here. Sewing or stitching or tailoring is the fastening of cloth, leather, furs, bark, or other flexible materials, using needle and thread. Its use is nearly universal among human populations and dates back to Paleolithic times (30,000 BCE). Sewing predates the weaving of cloth.

Page 26: Garments Manufacturing

26

Sewing is used primarily to produce clothing and household furnishings such as curtains, bedclothes, upholstery, and table linens. It is also used for sails, bellows, skin boats, banners, and other items shaped out of flexible materials such as canvas and leather.

Most sewing in the industrial world is done by machines. Pieces of a garment are often first tacked together. The machine has a complex set of gears and arms that pierces thread through the layers of the cloth and semi-securely interlocks the thread.

Seam allowance:

Seam allowance is the area between the edge of the fabric and the line of stitching. It is usually 1.5 cm away from the edge of the fabric except for the hem, where the seam allowance is usually 2.5 cm or more. This is often the case for standard home dressmaking. Industry seam allowances vary but are usually 0.6 cm.

Page 27: Garments Manufacturing

27

Needle selection

Machine needles are selected according to the weight and other contraction of the fabric, as well as the thread type being used for construction. Generally, a needle should be fine enough to penetrate the fabric without damaging it and yet have an eye, which is big enough so that the thread does not fray or break. Needles come in various sizes, from very fine (size9) for light weight fabrics to thick (size18) for very heavy weigh and dense fabrics.

Sewing tools and accessories:

stitching awl bobbin bodkin dress form dressmaker's or tailor's shears measuring tape needle pattern pattern weights pin pincushion rotary cutter scissors seam ripper sewing table tailor's chalk thimble thread/yarn tracing paper tracing wheel wax, often beeswax

Different types of stitches:

The two main stitches that sewing machines make of which the others are derivatives are lockstitch and chain stitch.

back tack backstitch - a sturdy hand stitch for seams and decoration

Page 28: Garments Manufacturing

28

basting stitch (or tacking) - for reinforcement blanket stitch blind stitch (or hem stitch) - a type of slip stitch used for inconspicuous hems buttonhole stitch chain stitch - hand or machine stitch for seams or decoration cross-stitch - usually used for decoration, but may also be used for seams darning stitch embroidery stitch hemming stitch lockstitch - machine stitch, also called straight stitch overhand stitch over lock pad stitch padding stitch running stitch - a hand stitch for seams and gathering sail makers stitch slip stitch - a hand stitch for fastening two pieces of fabric together from the right side without

the thread showing stretch stitch tent stitch topstitch whipstitch (or over sewing or overcast stitch) - for protecting edges zigzag stitch

Finishing section:

It is the last step of garment making. All of the finishing processes are

done here. Let yourself know what kinds of work are to be carried out

in this segment-

a) Pressing/ Ironing

b) Packing

c) Cartooning &

d) Arranging final inspection and shipment

After complication of sewing garments are send to the finishing section. This section does the following things.

Page 29: Garments Manufacturing

29

Washing:

Washing is done to give special effect to the garments. Through this process, the outlook, comfort, fashion and other characteristics of the garments are changed.

Based on chemicals used and process washing is of following types:

Normal wash Pigment wash Bleach wash Acid wash Enzyme wash Caustic wash Super white wash Dirty wash

Normal wash:

In this process garments are washed just with hot water and detergent. To have more washed look, some sodium may be added.

WASHING (OPTIONA

L)

CLEANING

CHEAKING

IRONING

TAGGING

Page 30: Garments Manufacturing

30

This wash is done to remove size material, unfix dye, dirt or oil spot etc. Softness feeling is improved.

Pigment wash:

This wash is given to the pigment dyed/printed fabric. This wash is similar to the normal wash , but have a difference in the rotio of the chemical.

This wash is used to produce soft feeling in garments.

Bleach wash:

This wash is given to the solid dyed fabric. It is done with NaOH, H2O2 , Na2CO3 and stabilizer. After this washing garments are washed with CH3COOH.

Bleach wash is done to reduce color. Fading effect is produced through this.

Stone wash:

Stone wash is given by using Bleaching Powder, Na2CO3 and Peumic Stone.

This wash is done to produced washed effect through abrasion. Bleach is added to make fade more bright.

Acid wash:

It is also a stone wash. Before this wash stones are to be chemically treated with KMnO4 . Fabrics are also de-starched. Now both fabric and stones are kept running in the washer without water.

Enzyme wash:

It is a normal wash, just some Enzymes are added with it.

This wash is done to have slippery feeling in garments. This also increase the brightness of garments.

Page 31: Garments Manufacturing

31

Super white wash:

In this process KMnO4 solution is sprayed over the area where fade to be given. Amount of KMnO4 depends upon the whiteness required. After that fabric is given a normal wash.

This process is done to achive required whiteness in the fabric.

Sand blasting/Dirty wash:

In this process sands are passes through the garments at a high speed. Then the fabric is normally washed.

This wash is done to give dark shade on the fabric.

Some other treatment:

Creasing and grinding are two other important treatment in garments industries. Special types of design can be brought by these processes. They need heat application for fixing them.

Cleaning:

Page 32: Garments Manufacturing

32

In this process extra sewing threat and various unnecessary things are removed from garments surface. Air suction is done to remove this. Extra part of sewed threat are also cut off by seassors.

Checking:

Prepared garments are now passes through a matel detector to checking room. If any kind of matel such broken needle, can be found the machine stops and that garments are checked to remove the thing.

Ironing: Garments are now being ironed at a high temperature which will do no harm to the garments. Special types of table is used for ironing. Table is selected according to the fabric characteristics. Mainly table with air suctioning arrangement is used, so that garments can not move while ironing.

Page 33: Garments Manufacturing

33

Tagging: After ironing tags are attached with garments as per buyer’s requirements. If the tag need to be printed , then a sticker is made with that. Now the sticker is attached with the garments heat (1000C – 1500C) is applied to fixed it.

Final Inspection:

Page 34: Garments Manufacturing

34

Its main purpose is to assure quality. After apparel preparation, before packing this shorts of inspection is done to remove the faulty garments. Defects are identified here and if possible garments are again send to respected section to solve the defect.

If the garments match with the specie sheet of the buyer, then it is allowed to go to packing section for packing and cartooning.

Defects in Garments For the textile and apparel industry, product quality is calculated in terms of quality and standard of fibers, yarns, fabric construction, color fastness, designs

Page 35: Garments Manufacturing

35

and the final finished garments. Quality control in terms of garment manufacturing, pre-sales and posts sales service, delivery, pricing, etc are essential for any garment manufacturer, trader or exporter. Certain quality related problems, often seen in garment manufacturing like sewing, color, sizing, or garment defects should never be over looked.

Sewing defects Open seams, wrong stitching techniques, non- matching threads, missing stitches, improper creasing of the garment, erroneous thread tension and raw edges are some of the sewing defects which can affect the garment quality adversely.

Color defects Variation of color between the sample and the final garment, wrong color combinations and mismatching dyes should always be avoided.

Sizing defects Wrong gradation of sizes, difference in measurement of various parts of a garment like sleeves of XL size for body of L size garment can deteriorate the garments

Page 36: Garments Manufacturing

36

beyond repair.

Garment defectsBroken or defective buttons, snaps, stitches, different shades within the same garment, dropped stitches, exposed notches and raw edges, fabric defects, holes, faulty zippers, loose or hanging sewing threads, misaligned buttons and holes, missing buttons, needle cuts or chews, pulled or loose yarn, stains, unfinished buttonhole, short zippers, inappropriate trimmings etc. all can lead to the end of a brand name even before its establishment.

Shipment:

If everything is ok, then the garment is ready for shipment. Garments are packed according to the buyer’s recommendation. After that the garments are loaded into the cartoon. This cartoon carries the order no. garments category, etc. necessary information. Now the garments are send to the buyer as their requirement.

Page 37: Garments Manufacturing

37

THINGS TO SAY

This assignment is the result of a group working. Here we have tried to briefly describe the garments manufacturing process. Due to our limitation we have described many things shortly.

If this assignment helps anyone to know about garments manufacturing, our job will succeed.