GCB Advantages

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Generator Circuit-Breaker Systems

ABB Switzerland LtdHigh Voltage Products

PTHG-V / Marta Lacorte

Business Development LAM

High Current Systems

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Layout without

Generator Circuit-Breaker

Layout with


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GCB

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Generator Circuit-Breaker? What are we talking about?

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� Simplified operation

� Improved generator protection

� Improved main and unit transformers protection

� Increased power plant availability

� Decreased costs (case dependent)

Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers

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-Advantages of Generator Circuit-Breakers

� GCB � clear and logical plant arrangement

� generator starting-up or shutting-down

� only GCB operates

� switching operations number reduction

� power plant and the high-voltage grid operation responsibilities � clearly defined

Simplified Operation

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� generator, main and unit transformers differential protection zones � maximum selectivity

� Generator-fed short-circuit currents � four cycles interrupted

Generator, main and unit Transformers Improved Protection

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� simplified operation

� clearly defined operational responsibilities

� reduced operational errors

� more reliable generator synchronisation

Increased Power Plant Availability

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� rapid and selective clearing clearance of all types of faults

� avoid expensive secondary damage

� avoid long down repair times� main or unit transformer tank bursting

� generator damper winding thermal destruction

� turbine-generator mechanical destruction

Increased Power Plant Availability

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� associated items of switchgear integration into GCB enclosure

� simpler and more economic power plant layouts

� simpler and more economic erection and commissioning

� elimination of station transformer and associated high-voltage and medium-voltage switchgear

� increased power plant average availability

� 0.3…0.5 %

� increased operating hours

� higher power plant operator profit

Decreased costs (case dependent)

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-Requirements for Generator Circuit-Breakers

� GCB requirements � transmission and distribution CB requirements

� GCB high technical requirements

� Rated current

� Short-circuit currents (system-source and generator-source)

� Fault currents due to out-of-phase conditions

� Fault currents asymmetry, delayed current zeros

� Recovery Voltages rate-of-rise

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Generator circuit-breakers installed between generator and step-up transformer are not within the scope of this standard

Standards IEC 62271-100 / 2001 (former IEC 56)

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Standards

� IEEE C37-013

1. Scope

This standard applies to all ac high-voltage generator circuit breakers rated on a symmetrical current basis that are installed between the generator and the transformer terminals. Pumped storage installations are considered a special application, and their requirements are not completely covered by this standard.

NOTE — Since no other national or international standard on generator circuit breakers exists, this standard is used worldwide.

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ABB Generator Circuit Breakers worldwide

DB 1954-1993

DR 1969-1998

HEK 1984-1999

HGI 1992-

HEC 3-6 1995-

HGC 1998-

HEC 7/8 2000-

HECS 2003- HECPS 3/5S 2005-

Our business card is nearly 5‘500 units installed and operating worldwide

Airblast GCB > 1900 unitsSF6 GCB > 3450 units

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ABB Switzerland Ltd, High Current Systems

� Design and Manufacturing in Zurich-Oerlikon, Switzerland

� Approx. 100 Employees� Deliveries in 2006: 352 GCB‘s� Market share world-wide: >70%

� January 2007: received orders for almost 3600 GCB‘s in SF6 technology (since 1985)

� Worldwide more than 3000 ABB GCB‘s (SF6) are already in operation

>70%

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GCB PORTFOLIO 2006

6300A 8000A 10500A 13000A 18000A 23000A 24000A 28000A (57000A)

210kA

160kA

140kA130kA

100kA

80kA

63kA50kA

HGI 2

HGI 3

HECS-100 (HECPS-3S / HECS-100R)

HECS-130 (HECPS-5S / HECS-130R)

HEC 7S HEC 7 HEC 8

Rated Current [A]

Short Circuit Current [kA]

HECS- 80

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GCB type: HECS (SF6)

Development of Generator Circuit-Breaker

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10

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7

Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECS


Series Disconnector

Capacitors

Starting Disconnector for SFC

Manuell Short-Circuit Connection

Earthing Switches

Current Transformers

Potential Transformers

Surge Arrestor

Motorized Short-Circuit Connection

G

1

2

3T

3G

9MO

6G

6T

5

4

8

8

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

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Generator Circuit-Breaker System Type HECSView into one pole of Circuit-breaker type HECS-130L

Surge arrester

Current transformer

Voltage transformer

Series Disconnector

Interrupting chamber

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Interruption Chamber and Disconnector

of the circuit-breaker type HECS-100L

Interrupting chamber

Series DisconnectorView through the inspection windowsof HECS to assure that the disconnectswitch is in the open position.

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Earthing Switch - HECS

Earthing switch

In CLOSED position

Semaphore and keylocking

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Hydro-Mechanical Spring Drive – HMB 4.5

Schematic diagram of the hydraulicspring operating mechanism

View of a hydraulic spring operating mechanism

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Current Transformer / Voltage Transformer

Current transformer

According to IEC 60044-1or IEEE C57.13

Voltage transformer

According to IEC 60044-2or IEEE C57.13

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ABB GCB advantages

Dimensions �� GCB ABB smaller in width and smaller length �� less transportation cots and more flexibility for installation

transport units �� GCB totally mounted in the factory, the three phases and the control cubicle mounted in the structure. Shorter commissioning time, less assembling on site, less assembling mistake,higher availability

mechanic-hydraulic drive �� thousands of units installed in the world, approved equipment, without failures

maintenance � 20 years or 20’000 mechanical operations, until reach one of these limits only supervision services are necessary, without take the GCB out of service

arc extinction method � self blast extinction, assuring performance in the currents interruption of high amplitude as well as of small current

type tests �� performed according to GCB standard IEEE C37.013 and in independentlaboratory – KEMA

� out-of-phase type test performed with 180°of phases disagreement

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World

South America

019

8

0

0

0 43 10

18

50

148

1928

South America

GCB Type "D":South America

GCB Type "D":South America

DR 36 sc 1750 San Agaton 2

DR 36 t 0500 Planta Centro Unidad 5 1


DR 36 t 0500 Planta Centro Unidad 1 + 2

2


DRT24.125 Macagua 2 4




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GCB SF6 Type"H":South America

GCB SF6 Type"H":South America

World

South America

1115

12

6

8

5 13 3

0

27

103

3203

HECS-100M Pedro Camejo 2

HEK 4 Macagua 2 5

HEK 4 Macagua 2 4

HEK 4 Macagua 2 4

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Replacement Northfield Mountain / USA

Northfield Mountain. - BeforeNorthfield Mountain - After

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Replacement Benmore HPP / New Zealand

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Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia

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Retrofit TPP Berezovskaja / Belorussia Estonia

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TPP Kuala Langat (250MW) / Malaysia

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elimination of station transformer and high-voltage bay

Layout without


Layout with


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GCB

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0 0 . 0 5 0 . 1 0 . 1 5 0 . 2

r e s i s t ê n c i a d o a r c oArc resistance

Arc resistance effect in GCB

Ta = Xd”/{2Πƒ(Ra)}

Ta = Xd”/{2Πƒ(Ra + Radd)}

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Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents

Without Generator Circuit-Breaker (Unit Connection)

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Interruption of Generator-Fed Fault Currents

With Generator Circuit-Breaker

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Simplified Operational Procedures

Layout without generatorcircuit-breaker

Unit start-up:1) Run-up unit on station transformer (start-

up supply) and synchronise generator with high-voltage grid by means of high-voltage circuit-breaker

2) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies3) Separate unit auxiliaries from station

transformer (start-up supply)

Unit routine shut-down:1) Parallel unit auxiliaries supplies 2) Separate unit auxiliaries from unit

transformer3) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker and shut-

down unit on station transformer

Unit emergency shut-down:1) Trip high-voltage circuit-breaker, unit

auxiliaries are isolated 2) Automatic transfer of unit auxiliaries from

unit transformer to station transformer (approx. 4…5 cycles)

3) Shut-down unit on station transformer

Layout with generator circuit-breaker

Unit start-up:1) Run-up unit on unit transformer and

synchronise generator with high-voltage grid by means of generator circuit-breaker

Unit routine shut-down:1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-

down unit on unit transformer

Unit emergency shut-down:1) Trip generator circuit-breaker and shut-

down unit on unit transformer

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Equipment Failures

Main Transformer Failures

Sequence of events:

t = 0 ms: earth fault at HV-side of transformer

t = 45 ms: 2-phase short-circuit

t = 95 ms: 3-phase short-circuit

t � 150 ms: explosion of transformer

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Equipment Failures

Short-Time Unbalanced Load Conditions

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system-source short-circuit asymmetry 74% voltage rate of rise TRV 6 kV/ms

generator-source short-circuit currentsasymmetry 130% voltage rate of rise TRT 2.2 kV/ms

Short Circuit Characteristic

G

G

Documents

GCB Advantages