GCSE BiologyContinuous Assessment.

Genetics and Genetic Engineering

Time allowed 45 minutes

%Final Grade

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1. Define the following terms: [3 marks]

a. Gene

b. Allele

c. Chromosomes

2. What is the name of the allele, that controls the development of a characteristic

only when it is present on both chromosomes? [1 mark]

3. Define the following: [2 marks]

a. Genotype

b. Phenotype

4. If freckles are dominant over no-freckles and a heterozygous female mates

with a heterozygous male. What are the probable genotypic ratios of the offspring?

Use correct terminology to explain your answer. [3 marks]

5. State the way in which plasmids are different from chromosomal DNA in

bacteria. [1 mark]

6. Chromosomes consist of long, coiled molecules of DNA. What are the 2

types of Human cells that do not have 23 pairs of chromosomes. Explain your

answer [2 marks]

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7. Describe the differences between mitosis and meiosis [6 marks]

8. How many daughter cells does meiosis produce? [1 mark]

9. The nitrogenous base Guanine will always pair with which other nitrogenous

base? [1 mark]

10. What is the name of the bond that hold bases together? [1 mark]

11.

a. What is Genetic engineering? [1 mark]

b. Describe 1 way in which bacteria can be altered in this process. [1]

12. Describe 2 applications of genetic engineering. For each example state the

organism into which the gene was inserted and provide an explanation of why

this is beneficial in genetic engineering [4 marks]

13. Describe DNA mutation and provide 2 examples of how DNA mutations

can occur. [3 marks]

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14. State what a genome is. [1 mark]

15. What did the Human Genome project achieve? [1 mark]

16. The use of GM crops is an ethical issue. What is meant by the term ethical

issue? [1 mark]

17. Using an example State 1 advantage and 1 concern with genetic engineering

[3 marks]

18. Explain how recombinant DNA technology is used in the production of

insulin for diabetics. [4 marks]

19. Restriction enzymes are very specific in how they cut DNA. Provide a

named example of a restriction enzyme and describe how they do this. [4 marks]

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20.

a. What is Bacillus thuringiensis [1 mark]

b. Bacillus thuringiensis produces a toxin that kills many insect pests. How has B. thuringiensis been used in genetic engineering to produce insect resistant crops? [5 marks]

c. Provide 1 reason for and 1 reason against the production of GM insect resist-ant plants. [2 marks]

End of Test

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