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GCSE ICT Essential Knowledge Multi-functional devices Allows user to perform many tasks such as: browsing the internet / watching movies / listening to music eg, smartphone, tablet Tablet Advantages Don’t need to plug in peripherals such as monitor / keyboard/ mouse. Simplified settings. Installing software is easier than installing traditional software on desktop PC. Intuitive interface. Sharing location data Multifunctional devices that have GPS capability. Advantages use mapping software for navigation Geo-tagging Automatic location for services eg weather Disadvantages Shortens battery life Invasion of privacy, crime Wireless motion sensitive controllers Advantages Can play anywhere in the room. Easy to set up. Fewer cables to connect/tangle. Allows users to play new types of game. Enhances the user experience/more. Immersive. Easier to play/intuitive interface. Disadvantages Need to be charged / may run out of charge. People with restricted motion/disabilities may find it more difficult. Individuals may have restricted, slow movement / difficulty holding things Search Engine To find information on the internet/www based on key words and phrases Advantages of web searching Able to locate information anywhere, anytime from a variety of sources. Provides different types of information. Use forums to ask for help from others. Likely to be more up to date than printed information. Digital format making it easier to incorporate into own work. More effective web searching Use keywords and Boolean operators (e.g. AND, OR, NOT,+, -). Use speech marks around key words. Search type (e.g. pictures, maps, music, movies) Search engine images Must not use images without permission of the copyright holder/owner. Breaching copyright. Using devices abroad Things to consider… Portability, robustness, Multi-functionality, Power adapters / chargers, Mobile networks - data/roaming charges, Battery life, Availability of the internet, Security of the device / insurance, Personal security – keep personal details stored on device safe. Cloud Computing Combination of online data storage and hosted software/applications Online cloud backup Can be fully automated. Don’t need local backup (CD / DVD / hard drive). Can access backups from anywhere/anytime. Unlimited storage Software updates Fix/patch bugs/problems. Add new features/function. To improve performance/functionality/ User Interface. To improve security. VLE – Virtual Learning Environment (which we call Fronter) Advantages Access work anytime and anywhere - work more flexibly. Can upload work he does at home to the VLE - never forget his homework. Share documents with others - facilitates collaborative working. Disadvantages Dependent on availability of the internet. Technical problems with computer or network may prevent use. Requires students to have suitable computer equipment at home. May require training before it can be used E tickets Advantages Cannot be damaged or lost in transit. Process can be automated. Cheaper as no postage costs. Less environmental impact (less paper used). Prevents fraud/touting/counterfeiting tickets Disadvantages Accidental deletion. Need a compatible device to receive display the eticket. Vulnerable to security flaws (hacking/virus/corruption) Advantages It prevents a website logging key presses. The asterisks prevent the PIN number being viewed

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GCSE ICT Essential Knowledge

Multi-functional devices Allows user to perform many tasks such as: browsing the internet / watching movies / listening to music eg, smartphone, tablet

Tablet Advantages Don’t need to plug in peripherals such as monitor / keyboard/ mouse. Simplified settings. Installing software is easier than installing traditional software on desktop PC. Intuitive interface.

Sharing location data Multifunctional devices that have GPS capability. Advantages use mapping software for navigation Geo-tagging Automatic location for services eg weather Disadvantages Shortens battery life Invasion of privacy, crime

Wireless motion sensitive controllers Advantages Can play anywhere in the room. Easy to set up. Fewer cables to connect/tangle. Allows users to play new types of game. Enhances the user experience/more. Immersive. Easier to play/intuitive interface. Disadvantages Need to be charged / may run out of charge. People with restricted motion/disabilities may find it more difficult. Individuals may have restricted, slow movement / difficulty holding things

Search Engine To find information on the internet/www based on key words and phrases

Advantages of web searching Able to locate information anywhere, anytime from a variety of sources. Provides different types of information. Use forums to ask for help from others. Likely to be more up to date than printed information. Digital format making it easier to incorporate into own work.

More effective web searching Use keywords and Boolean operators (e.g. AND, OR, NOT,+, -). Use speech marks around key words. Search type (e.g. pictures, maps, music, movies)

Search engine images Must not use images without permission of the copyright holder/owner. Breaching copyright.

Using devices abroad Things to consider… Portability, robustness, Multi-functionality, Power adapters / chargers, Mobile networks - data/roaming charges, Battery life, Availability of the internet, Security of the device / insurance, Personal security – keep personal details stored on device safe.

Cloud Computing Combination of online data storage and hosted software/applications

Online cloud backup Can be fully automated. Don’t need local backup (CD / DVD / hard drive). Can access backups from anywhere/anytime. Unlimited storage

Software updates Fix/patch bugs/problems. Add new features/function. To improve performance/functionality/ User Interface. To improve security.

VLE – Virtual Learning Environment (which we call Fronter)

Advantages Access work anytime and anywhere - work more flexibly. Can upload work he does at home to the VLE - never forget his homework. Share documents with others - facilitates collaborative working. Disadvantages Dependent on availability of the internet. Technical problems with computer or network may prevent use. Requires students to have suitable computer equipment at home. May require training before it can be used

E tickets Advantages Cannot be damaged or lost in transit. Process can be automated. Cheaper as no postage costs. Less environmental impact (less paper used). Prevents fraud/touting/counterfeiting tickets Disadvantages Accidental deletion. Need a compatible device to receive display the eticket. Vulnerable to security flaws (hacking/virus/corruption)

Advantages It prevents a website logging key presses. The asterisks prevent the PIN number being viewed

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Challenge Response Test

Choose numbers from a memorable date. PIN code / passcode / user ID. CAPTCHA test – ensures a human being is logging on – prevents spam/email bots.

QR Code Uses an application which reads/scans/processes the data from the QR code to access the web page. Uses phone camera.

Advantages of e readers Advantages Can support / develop understanding by including inline multimedia. Hyperlinks to online material. Search facility. Digital index. Can add digital bookmarks to categorise and organise topics. Information searching made easier by allowing user to categorise sections using keywords. Copying and pasting sections allows quick restructuring of information. More eco friendly than printed books. Disadvantages Not all books available in digital format. Cannot hand-write annotations. Power dependent. Requires connection to internet. Reader screen could be black and white only.

Online ordering/shopping Advantages to customers Don’t have to go out wait in line. May get discounts when ordering online. Can track order. Easier to locate products / search can be filtered. Don’t have to leave the house / no travel required. Site may remember previous orders. Faster ordering process e.g. don’t have to explain order on phone. Ability to compare prices. 24-7 availability. Can see ratings from previous customers Disadvantages to customers Have to wait for goods to be delivered. Actual product might be different from screen presentation. Need to have credit/debit card. Delivery charge. Delivery problems. Security risk e.g. identity theft. Advantages to business Track buying habits of customer. Offer rewards/discounts to loyal customers. Use data collected to personalise the ordering experience for customers. Target marketing. Store details such as payment method / address to speed up ordering process for customers which will make the customer more likely to come back.

Online account Used to purchase from online companies. Can review account history / previous Purchases. Rewards / loyalty programme / scheme. Personal details will be saved for quicker purchasing in future

Transactional Data Data about customers when buying online collected by companies. Eg. Personal information, product purchased, browser used, IP address. Used by business to target their marketing.

Why Sell Online? Can receive orders 24/7. Reduces running costs / overhead. Can reach a wider target audience. Can see customer reviews. Offer wider range of stock.

Online auctions Users can search products. They can see if they are currently the highest bidder. Users receive messages if they are winning / being outbid / have won the auction. Users can rate each other. Sellers/buyers can pay for items using secure electronic transfers. Users can bypass the auction and buy instantly. Users can watch items and receive messages when the auction will end.

Selling downloads Companies allow customers to download a game/music track direct from their website when they purchase it. Reduces costs for them – don’t have to produce DVDs/CDs and ship them to stores. More environmentally friendly. More difficult to copy the product. Allows company to track orders and advertise to customers. Less waste/rubbish is produced.

Cookie Small text files stored on your computer which track your online browsing. Why delete cookie? Free up storage space on her computer. Stop unsolicited personalised adverts. Stop organisations getting hold of personal information/ browsing habits (if using a shared computer)

GPS on phone Gives directions from current location to specified location. Gives estimated time from current location to specified location. Gives location of key services, e.g. nearest train station, ATM. Allows users to tag images/ locations of interest to other phone users. Geotagging. Enhances device security. Makes device multifunctional, so saves money.

Sat Navs Advantages Less chance of getting lost / easier to find destination / shorter travel time. Highlights points of interest e.g. petrol station. Less chance of being distracted e.g. looking at maps. Reduces number of miles driven. Saves petrol. Can get traffic updates / recalculates routes. Disadvantages Might be a distraction whilst driving. Can become too reliant / Does not always offer best route. Increased chance of car theft if on view. Might not use up-to-date maps

Geo tagging Adds GPS coordinates to the images for reference - so that you can see where they

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were taken Allow you to attach images to an online map

Mobile broadband Advantages Can access anywhere there is a signal / can work anywhere. No cables. No additional power needed Disadvantages Some places may have no signal. Limit to downloads. Not as fast as fixed line broadband. Dongle could be lost / damaged. Can be very expensive if used abroad (roaming charges).

Energy Saving Setting available on laptops/tablets/smartphone. Uses less power by turn brightness down on screen, turn screen off after set period, turn WiFi off, turn 3G off, turn Bluetooth off, turn GPS off, Disable Apps, Turn off vibration.

High resolution Clearer image/picture. More vertical and horizontal pixel lines. More pixels per inch dpi

IMAP4 emails pushed directly to phone/copy of mail is kept on both server and client

POP3 requires users to access email via an internet mail account/mail deleted from server when sent to client

Secret Question To provide an additional layer of security. Allows access to account if forget password

Streaming The ability to view/listen to content ‘live’ whilst it is being downloaded to the computer. Don’t have to wait for entire movie to download before watching. Does not use (as much) local storage. Wider selection of media/movies.

Latency Latency is the measurement of delay on an internet connection. It is the time in milliseconds between a bit leaving one device and arriving at the other. Measured in milliseconds.

Bandwidth Measurement of capacity of an internet connection. It is the number of bits that can go through the network connection in 1 second. Measured in bits per second.

Game consoles Advantages Consoles are easier to set up than a PC. Ready-made controllers. Designed specifically for gaming. Can play hands free/new gaming technology games always on console first Other uses Access the internet. Playing CD, DVD, Blu-ray / watching videos /listening to music. Social networking. Stream/download video/music.

Social networking Features Find / add friends. Communicate with other users. Instant message service. Comment on others posts. Organise events calendar. Upload share resources such as images videos. Share personal information e.g. location, age,gender etc./ geotagging. Play games / view movies / listen to music. Impact Marketing purposes. Viral marketing. Customers can communicate directly with companies. Personalised advertising. Can easily organise events with large following. Users can now communicate on a global scale. Used to easily connect people with similar interests. Use of feeds and updates allow user to follow interests e.g. pop star, brands/products. Reduces need for advertising. Used by educational organisations to connect students and enable discussion. People becoming involved in more virtual than real-life worlds – lack of true engagement e.g. ‘liking’ a campaign does not actual involve any effort. Used by criminals – private information being freely given out by users. Used to organise protest / revolution / social change – can quickly gain large awareness of issues.

Health problems from using computer/console. Eye strain / headaches Muscle strain / stiffness RSI

Take regular breaks. Adjust lighting. Adjust screen Take regular breaks. Check seating position. Move monitor Take regular breaks. Use ergonomic equipment

Social bookmarking A way for internet users to store bookmarks online which can then be shared with other users

Router Connects a LAN to a WAN

Wireless home network Advantages Easier to set up than wired network. Can share files/hardware/software resources as cables not needed. No cables so less health & safety issues. Can access internet from anywhere within range. Visitors can access the network. Network could be accessed by other devices e.g. smartphones/tablets. Can move around while transferring data or accessing network. Does not have to waste time finding and connecting cables. Health and Safety - no trailing wires.

Wifi Direct Connect a peripheral (eg printer) directly through Wifi. No need for WAP/Router.

Wireless Security Set an access key/password/PIN, block unknown devices - MAC filtering, make sure device/router is not within range of. Hide SSID

Cable connection A network cable is more reliable than wireless. Cable not affected by walls/ has greater range. Provides more stable connection. Less interference. Data transfer is often faster. More secure. Password not needed.

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Online Application Software Advantages Saves storage space. Available anywhere there is an internet connected machine. No need to update software. No need to pay for a licence, Disadvantages Dependent on internet being available. Dependent on the service being available. Can be slow. Online applications are not always feature rich

Phone Apps Apps are marketed widely Often cheap or free Allow quick/easy access to services information

Open source software The code is in the public domain viewable by everyone so can be developed collaboratively. Advantages Open source is free to obtain and use. Users can modify the source code. Community of support from other users. Disadvantages May not be as feature rich as bought applications. Updates may take longer to come through. May not be as much professional support available. Work may not be compatible with other software

Home/Tele Working Employees work at home using technology instead of going into office. Advantages Can work around needs of family / work-life balance No need to travel/save time and money Disadvantages Harder to monitor performance May not work as hard when unsupervised More distractions Staff may feel isolated

Digital Divide – Lack of access to digital products More limited skills development and understanding of the use of technology Limited skills can impact on jobs. More difficult to access banking and other online services. Can’t buy goods / services on line. Less choice - wider range of options Poorer online communication. No access to email. Exclusion – opportunity to link into social networking / developing friendship / common interest groups. No Access to ‘now’ society – immediate contact / access to news. Poorer access to information / educational resources now freely available on line. On-line courses. Revision sites. No access to online training More limited opportunity for development of skills – ICT and other functional skills. No access to cultural resources such as music downloads / streaming

Effect of digital technology on news and media. Advantages Gives more people a voice/freedom of speech. Increased availability of information. Increase in choice of news service providers. Stories can break more quickly. Competition drives traditional publishers to innovate. News becomes interactive. Stories / information popularised by public. e-democracy. Readers can share articles with networks of friends. Increases accountability of governments. Disadvantages Dilution of content / lack of credibility. Information overload. News sensationalised by public. More difficult to track publishers of libellous material.

Effect of digital technology on Health and Well being Advantages Essential in modern world – need to develop skills to be successful in work Develops hand-eye co-ordination playing games Friendships can be built online (social networking) Easier to maintain contact with friends and family – living overseas Access to information about health and wellbeing online Exercises at home using digital devices Health and fitness monitoring – phone apps Use of technology to stay safe / track location / GPS locators / mobile phones Disadvantages People spending time on technology rather than with family/friends Physical inactivity More likely to have accidents such as a car crash due to using technology in inappropriate situations Dangers of giving out personal details leads to personal issues such as cyber bullying Stress RSI / Back pains Lack of sleep due to over use of technology Inability to focus / pay attention