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Name:_______________________ Date:__________ Period:______ Genetics and Heredity Unit Test Study Guide 2014-2015 Unit Test Topics

1. Formation of cells through mitosis 2. What is mitosis? 3. End product of mitosis and cytokinesis 4. Importance and function of mitosis.

5. What is the structure of DNA? 6. DNA base pair rules 7. What is a gene? 8. Function of a gene. 9. What is a chromosome? 10. Where are chromosomes located? 11. Number of chromosomes in human body cells. 12. Levels of organization of genetic information, from DNA to Cell

13. What is meiosis? 14. What are gametes? 15. How do gametes form through meiosis? 16. How are gametes different from somatic (body) cells?

17. Asexual Reproduction v. Sexual Reproduction 18. What is fertilization? 19. What is a zygote? 20. Diploid vs. Haploid cells 21. Exchange of DNA through fertilization. 22. Sex chromosomes (X and Y) and gender 23. Difference between XX and XY on chromosome pair 23

24. Inheritance of physical traits. 25. What are alleles 26. Dominant vs. Recessive Alleles 27. Genotype vs. Phenotype 28. How does behavior and the environment influence traits 29. Homozygous vs. Heterozygous 30. Punnett squares to determine probabilities 31. Punnett squares to determine genotypes and phenotypes.

32. Create an label diagrams of: o meiosis o DNA with base pairs o levels of organization of genetic material (gene to chromosome)

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Important Terms to Know and Use

1. trait 2. inheritance 3. physical trait 4. inherited trait 5. acquired trait 6. allele 7. phenotype 8. genotype 9. dominant 10. recessive 11. homozygous 12. homozygous dominant 13. homozygous recessive 14. heterozygous 15. Punnett Square

16. chromosome 17. DNA 18. base pairs (ACTG) 19. gene 20. protein

21. somatic cell 22. asexual reproduction 23. interphase 24. mitosis 25. cytokinesis 26. parent cell 27. daughter cell 28. multicellular organism 29. unicellular organism

30. sexual reproduction 31. meiosis 32. gamete 33. diploid 34. haploid 35. sex cell 36. egg 37. sperm 38. fertilization 39. zygote

40. x chromosome 41. y chromosome 42. xx 43. xy

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Name:_______________________ Date:__________ Period:______ Genetics and Heredity Unit Study Guide/Practice Test 2014-2015 Section 1 Cell Division What are the two types of cell division that we have discussed in this unit?

1. _____________________ 2. _____________________

Complete the following chart:

Type of cell division

Cell starts out as a body (somatic) or sex cell?

Function of this process

Initial cell is haploid or diploid?

Nucleus divides once or twice?

Number of daughter cells at end of cell division?

End product is a body (somatic) cell or gamete?

End product is diploid or haploid

If there are 3 pairs of homologous chromosomes in the cell at the beginning of cell division, how many chromosomes will be in each cell at the end of cell division?

1. A human body cell contains _____________________ pairs of __________________

chromosomes or a total of ___________ chromosomes.

2. What occurs during mitotic cell divisions:

__________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________

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Practice Problem for Mitosis and Meiosis Scientists can look at the results of mitosis and meiosis in fly cells. Flies have 4 chromosomes.

1. Draw a picture showing mitosis in fly cells. Include how many daughter cells are produced,

and how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell.

2. How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis? _________________________________

3. How many chromosomes are in each of the daughter cells as a result of mitosis? _________

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4. Draw a picture showing meiosis in fly cells. Include how many daughter cells are produced,

and how many chromosomes are in each daughter cell.

5. How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis? ______________________________

6. How many chromosomes are in each daughter cell as a result of meiosis? __________

Sexual Reproduction: 1. Which type of reproduction, sexual or asexual creates diversity in a population? Why?

_______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

2. An egg is fertilized by a sperm, the end result is called a ___________________ or fertilized egg.

3. Describe the differences between haploid cells and diploid cells:___________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________

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Mendelian Inheritance 1. Mendel, an Austrian monk who lived in the 19th century, studied inheritance. He

recognized that physical traits and characteristics can be inherited but they can also be influenced by the _______________________________ in which an organism lives.

2. The _______________________ is the genetic combination of alleles for a specific trait.

3. An (A) ____________________________ is one form of a gene.

4. Organisms that are purebred are also known as _________________________.

5. Organisms with one recessive ________________ and one dominant ______________ are said to be ________________________. Punnett Square Practice:

6. Complete the Punnett Square which shows the genotype for triangle nose shape. Triangle shape is the dominant trait.

7. What are the phenotypes of the parents? ___________________________________ 8. What is the probability that an offspring will have a triangle nose? ______/4 = ______ %

Genes and DNA

1. ________________________ is a molecule that contains the instructions or blueprints that direct the development of an organism.

2. Chromosomes are actually strands of DNA wrapped around protein; the DNA is made of sections called _______________________.

3. Genes are the code for the production specific _______________________.

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4. Genes are made up of nucleotides. The components of a nucleotide are a ________________,

a ______________________ and a _________________.

5. There are four types of bases in DNA. These bases are often abbreviated by using the first letter of the name. A, C, T, and G. These include: _____________________ which pairs with _________________________ ______________________ which pairs with _________________________

6. The DNA of an organism has 20% guanine. What percent of the DNA will be Cytosine ______________________ Adenine ______________________ Thymine______________________

7. Complete the following diagram by filling in the blanks from the following list of vocabulary: a. Chromosome b. Gene c. DNA d. Nucleus e. Cell

Gender Determination:

1. The gender of a human being is determined by the 23rd pair of chromosomes. Create a Punnett square to demonstrate why there is a 50% probability that each child born will be male or female. Use the XX and XY genotypes in the Punnett Square.

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2. Label the following karyotypes – male or female

Karyotype (Chromosome Map) Gender and Explanation