36
GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE

GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

GEOGRAPHY OF

AGRICULTURE

Page 2: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

Essential Question

How is agriculture impacted by

Geography?

Page 3: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

TYPES OF SUBSISTENCE

AGRICULTURE

SHIFTING CULTIVATION (SC)

–TROPICAL FORESTS

–SOIL FERTILITY LOW

Page 4: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 5: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

TYPES OF SUBSISTENCE

AGRICULTURE

–MAINTAINS SOIL FERTILITY

–BY ROTATING THE FIELDS

–A VARIETY OF CROPS

Page 6: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 7: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 8: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 9: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 10: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

TYPES OF SUBSISTENCE

AGRICULTURE

INTENSIVE SUBSISTENCE

AGRICULTURE

–A SMALL PARCEL OF LAND UTILIZED FOR MAXIMUM YIELD

–CONSIDERABLE USE OF HUMAN AND ANIMAL LABOUR

–PEASANTS – FAMILY LABOR

Page 11: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 12: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 13: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

TYPES OF SUBSISTENCE

AGRICULTURE

–OTEN ‘TRADITIONAL’ TOOLS

(E.G. PLOW)

Page 14: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

–HEAVY USE OF

MANURE/FERTILIZER

Page 15: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

–INTENSIVE USE OF HILL-

SLOPES

Page 16: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

–DOUBLE CROPPING IN SOME

PLACES

–CAN SUPPORT LARGE POPULATIONS

–PARTLY REFLECTS HIGH POPULATION DENSITIES

–RICE AND OTHER GRAINS DOMINATE

Page 17: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 18: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

PASTORALISM

–BREEDING AND HERDING OF ANIMALS

–USUALLY IN DESERTS, GRASSLANDS AND LIGHTLY WOODED GRASSY PLAINS

–PARTS OF AFRICA, MIDDLE EAST AND CENTRAL ASIA.

Page 19: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 20: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

–TWO VARIANTS: SEDENTARY

PASTORALISM AND NOMADIC

–GRAZING OF CATTLE, SHEEP,

GOATS, CAMELS, ETC.

Page 21: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

SUBSISTENCE AGRICULTURE

–PRACTICE OF BARTER

–MAY CULTIVATE CROPS

–IN DECLINE

Page 22: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

WHAT IS INDUSTRIAL-

COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE?

– IMPORTANCE OF FARM CHANGED

–RELATION TO CAPITALISM

–CONCENTRATION OF MEANS OF PRODUCTION

Page 23: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

AGRICULTURAL INDUSTRIALIZ-

ATION INVOLVES:

–MACHINES VS HUMAN AND ANIMAL LABOR

– INCREASING USE OF INDUSTRIAL INPUTS (E.G. GM SEEDS; CHEMICAL FERTILZERS)

–SUBSTITUTES

Page 24: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

UNEVENNESS OF INDUSTRIALIZ-

ATION OF AGRICULTURE

GREEN REVOLUTION AS AN EXAMPLE OF –INDUSTRIALIZED COMMERCIAL AGRICULTURE

–NORMAN BORLAUG

–NOBEL PEACE PRIZE

Page 25: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

–POSITIVE EFFECTS

YIELD INCREASE>FOOD

SELF-SUFFICIENCY

Page 26: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 27: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 28: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

FARMERS INCOME INCREASE

LABORERS’ BENEFITS

–PRODUCTIVITY

–DOUBLE CROPPING

–SPIN-OFF EFEFCTS (REPAIRS)

HENCE GREEN REVOLUTION

Page 29: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

NEGATIVE EFFECTS

–ECOLOGICAL

VULNERABILITY OF

NEW SEEDS TO PESTS

WATER LOGGING

LOW RATIO OF PRODUCTION PER WATER USE

REDUCTION IN ECOLOGICAL DIVERSITY (A FEW VARIETIES OF RICE)

Page 30: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

CHEMICAL POLLUTION OF

LAND AND WATER

PHYSICAL DISABILITY DUE

TO FAULTY MACHINES,

EXPOSURE TO PESTICIDES,

ETC.

Page 31: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

SOCIAL-ECONOMIC

–LARGER FARMERS BENEFIT MORE

–SMALLER FARMERS IN DEBT

–REVERSE TENANCY AND CAPITALIST FARMING

Page 32: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

–LABOUR REPLACEMENT

–WOMEN

WOMEN FORCED TO

WORK AS LABOURERS

Page 33: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 34: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human

THE INDUSTRIAL-COMMERCIAL

AGRICULTURE

GEOGRAPHICALLY UNEVEN

DEVELOPMENT

–WHEAT AND RICE, ETC. NOT GROWN EVERYWHERE

–LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE IN POOR COUNTRIES (E.G. IN AFRICA)

Page 35: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human
Page 36: GEOGRAPHY OF AGRICULTURE - … · types of subsistence agriculture intensive subsistence agriculture –a small parcel of land utilized for maximum yield –considerable use of human