Geokimia Hidrokarbon

8/12/2019 Geokimia Hidrokarbon

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Introduction


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Petroleum Geochemistry Geochemistry is the application of chemistry to the

study of rocks and fluids.(Selley, 1985 : Elements of petroleum geology)

Petroleum is a material occurring naturally in theearth which is predominantly composed of mixturesof chemical compounds of carbon and hydrogen(hydrocarbon) and including various forms from

solid bitumen, through the normal liquids to gases.

(Tver and Berry, 1980 : The petroleum dictionary)


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Petroleum Geochemistry The application of chemical principles

to the study of the origin, migration,accumulation, and alteration of

petroleum and the use of thisknowledge in the exploration and

production of oil and gas.

(Hunt, 1996 : Petroleum geochemistry and geology)


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Petroleum Geochemistry : Categories

Today, petroleum geochemistry is normally divided intodifferent categories as : surface geochemical exploration source rock geochemistry reservoir geochemistry detection and characterization of hydrocarbon shows oil and gas geochemistry oil-oil correlation oil-source rock correlation evaluation of leakage through caprock analysis of drilling mud


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What can petroleum geochemistry do ?

evaluate physical and chemical properties of oil and/or gas in basin determine how many oil and/or gas families are present in basin expect source/s of oil and/or gas in basin evaluate presence, quality, and maturity of source rocks in basin determine volumetric of oil and/or gas generated, migrated, and

accumulated in basin, evaluate migration pathways of oil and/or gas in basin predict fluid type (oil/gas/water) containing in prospect ahead of

drilling predict in-reservoir alteration (e.g. biodegradation) and its trend understand intra-field/-reservoir petroleum variations etc.


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Clayton and Fleet (1991)


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How have we ignored petroleumgeochemistry ?

What people know (in lesser detail) : reservoir, trap, seal,kitchen, migration.

Too much evaluation on reservoir and trap. Too lessevaluation on hydrocarbon charging (evaluation onkitchen and migration are too over-simplified).

One with strong interest, knowledge, and experience on

geochemistry is scarce.


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Paradox of Petroleum Geochemistry

People explore petroleum using petroleumsystem. Identification of petroleum system isthrough petroleum geochemistry. However,

petroleum geochemistry has been overlooked.


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The Essences ofPetroleum Geochemistry To make it sounds, inputs from petroleum geochemistry

should be integrated with petroleum geology (broad basinanalysis).

Petroleum geochemistry is more exact (not much interpretive)than other petroleum geosciences, but it heavily depends onlaboratory analyses.

Geology-Geophysics-Geochemistry is a trinity of petroleumgeosciences. If one of them were ignored, risk for explorationfailure increases.


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Trilogy of Exploration Success

Needs integration of geology,geophysics, and geochemistry


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Selley (1985)

Selley (1985)


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Good References on Petroleum Geochemistry

Petroleum Formation and Occurrence : a New Approach to Oil and GasExploration

(Bernard Tissot and Dietrich Welte, 1984 Springer-Verlag)

Geochemistry in Petroleum Exploration(Douglas Waples, 1985 IHRDC)

AAPG Memoir 60 : The Petroleum System from Source to Trap(eds : Leslie Magoon and Wallace Dow, 1994 AAPG)

Petroleum Geochemistry and Geology (2 nd ed.)(John Hunt, 1996 WH Freeman and Co.)

The Biomarker Guide : Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Explorationand Earth History (2 nd ed.)

(Ken Peters, Walters, Michael Moldowan, 2005 Cambridge University)

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Geokimia Hidrokarbon