Georg Friedrich

Händel

Coptic Egypt• Name and Origin: The Copts are the original

Egyptians, and the word "Copt" itself is derived from the Greek word "Aegyptus" which means Egypt.

• The Copts are the descendants of the ancient Egyptians.

• The Copts in Egypt are the Christian Egyptians, a minority of six to ten millions that form 23% of the whole population of Egypt.

• The rest of the population is about 75% Muslims and 2% others.

• The Coptic language originates from the language spoken in Ancient Egypt and the Coptic music has also its roots in the Old Egyptian music.

• Most people in Egypt now speak Arabic. • The Coptic Religion is Christianity which was the

main religion in Egypt during the 4th to 6th centuries AD and until the Muslim conquest of Egypt.

• According to ancient tradition, Christianity was introduced to the Egyptians by Saint Mark in Alexandria, shortly after the ascension of Christ and during the reign of the Roman emperor Claudius around 42 AD.

• They are considered one of the most anthropologically pure races in the world.

Coptic Orthodox Church• The Coptic Orthodox Church is one of the

most ancient Churches in the world, and has carefully preserved the Orthodox Christian Faith in its earliest and purest form, handing it down from generation to generation, unaltered and true to the Apostolic doctrines and patterns of worship.

• St. Mark the Apostle and Evangelist, who is the writer of the second gospel, is the first founder, after Christ, of the Coptic Egyptian church known as the Coptic Orthodox Church, in the first Century.

• Both the Coptic language and Coptic music have survived in the liturgy of the Coptic Church till today.

• Today the Coptic Orthodox Church and faith has spread all around the world.

St. Mark

World Map Of Coptic Churches

Coptic Orthodox Church

Coptic Music• Coptic music is the religious music sung and played

in the Coptic Orthodox Church of Egypt. • Coptic music is the language of the soul to praise

God. • Coptic music is deep, harmonic, and well-defined

songs, meant to express the innermost emotions of the praising spirit.

• It does not follow musical notes nor dedicated rhythm but rather, it translates the pulses of the spirit.

• Some of the melodies and the main characteristics of Coptic music are believed to have been adopted from Ancient Egyptian rites and practices.

• Coptic music remains an art that must be learned and handed down by oral tradition.

• Copts have never been seriously interested in writing down their melodies.

• They preferred to trust the superb memories of their blind cantors who sang the hymns in the churches, which is a fixed tradition of the Coptic Church for nearly twenty centuries, rather than having series of primitive notation symbols.

H. Hickmann

Coptic Music Cont.• Many transcribes completely ignored the Eastern custom of

improvisation and the prevalence of melodic formulas in Eastern Music.

• Coptic music is above all considerations vocal dependent.• This art form of spiritual music signifies the liturgical music of

the church as well as the religious hymns performed both inside and outside of the church contexts.

• The participants in the celebration of the liturgy and music are the officiant, The deacon, and the choir.

• It consists mainly of chanted hymns in rhythm with instruments such as cymbals (daff) and triangles (muthallath).

• An ancient custom that is still audible in Coptic chant is the long vocalizes sung on one vowel or vowel sound.

• The Egyptian Coptic Church is unique in that it has neglected to devise a system of musical notation and consequently has no important music manuscript.

• Ragheb Moftah worked from the mid-1920s until his death preserving and documenting Coptic liturgical music, presented the Church with an anthology of pristine recordings of Coptic Orthodox liturgical hymns and chants.

• If it wasn’t for his recordings in this generation who knows what could have happened to the Coptic Church hymns today. Ragheb Moftah

The cymbals, which is also called the daff, are a pair of slightly concave metal disks (usually silver) about 18 cm in diameter, with a cupped center 3 cm in depth. A hole in the center of each disk permits the passage of a string held in place by a wooden pin that acts as a handle for manipulating the cymbals.

The metal triangle is suspended by a string held in the left hand, and is struck on two or three of its sides by a small metal rod held in the right hand. Its light tinkling beats might be described as resembling the light jangling of the ancient sistrum. The hand cymbals and triangle are usually played by

one of the deacons and/or the cantor, to signal the congregation to participate and unify the singing. When the hand cymbals and triangle are played

simultaneously, intricate rhythmic patterns emerge, and as these instruments accompany the varied

meters of the vocal music, a complex and distinct polyrhythm is produced.

Other InstrumentsAlthough the only musical instruments used in

the church are the cymbals and the triangle, other instruments are sometimes used in non-liturgical Coptic events such as the:

Lute (Oud)

Harp

Flute

sistrum

timbrel

Piano

O Kirios

The Lord is with you. Holy is, the Father, the King Who observes our humility, the essence of glory, with the

Holy Spirit.Just is, the Father, our supporter in our

weaknesses, for the sake of the Heavenly life, with the Holy Spirit.

Praise belongs to the Father, the treasure of our humility, and Jesus Who is from Heaven,

with the Holy Spirit.

George Frederick Handel

George Frederick Handel

• one of the greatest composers of the late Baroque era.• Born in Halle, Germany, February 23, 1685• he was a German composer, trained in Italy, who spent most of his life in

England. • He endured much opposition from church.• his music is eminently vocal. • by the age of seven he was a skilful performer on the harpsichord and pipe

organ, and at nine he began to compose music. • His father was opposed to his son's wish to pursue a musical career,

preferring him to study law.• Handel's mother, Dorothea, encouraged his musical aspirations.• In 1702, when George was 17, he entered the University of Halle as a law

student, but after his father's death the following year, he abandoned law for music.

• He then became an organist of the Cathedral at the age of 17. • Later he worked as a violinist and keyboard player in the Hamburg opera

orchestra.• In 1706 he moved for four years to Italy where he studied opera.• There he established a reputation as a keyboard virtuoso, and as an

operatic composer. • In 1720 he worked at the King's Theatre, London. • He produced several operas influenced by his experience in Italy.

George Frederick Handel• Slowly he began turning to the composition of oratorio: dramatic, non-

staged works for the concert hall, usually with a great deal of choral music, and most often with a Biblical subject, the text in English.

• After a stroke in 1737, he recovered, and afterwards wrote some of his most memorable work. With the composition of the 'Messiah' oratorio (1742) the entire baroque tradition reached its climax.

• His enormous work included over 40 operas, about 20 oratorios, cantatas, sacred music, and orchestral, instrumental, and vocal works.

• His most famous works are Messiah, an oratorio set to texts from the King James Bible; Water Music; and Music for the Royal Fireworks.

• G.F. Handel's works have been catalogued and are commonly referred to by a HWV number.

• His most famous work is the Messiah oratorio with its "Hallelujah" chorus.• Handel's Messiah is also known as HWV 56.• George became blind near the end of his life, but he still continued to

perform on the organ.• He also continued to compose music by dictating it to a friend who wrote

it down for him.• Died in London, April 14, 1759.

And He Shall Purify

Comparison

~Does not follow musical notes. ~Does not dedicated rhythm. ~Coptic Text~Adopted ancient Egyptian practices.~Follows ancient tradition of having long vocalizes sung on one vowel or vowel sound.~The singers alternate according to the form of the musical phrase. ~has a Constant tempo.~ ignored the Eastern custom of improvisation and the prevalence of melodic formulas in Eastern Music.

~They are both based of biblical themes~They both praise God. ~They are both vocal dependent.~they both use base and alto voices. ~They both have a main chorus repeated throughout the piece. ~They can both be performed both inside and outside of the church.~They are both a mix of male and female voices. ~The instruments start playing before the vocalists. ~Both use similar instruments such as the harp and the lute.

~Follows traditional musical notes. ~Many voices blend together one right after another in a contrary motion. ~Has a Faster tempo.~uses soprano voices.~English Text.~influenced by the techniques of the great composers of the Italian Baroque.~followed the traditional eastern custom of improvisation and the prevalence of melodic formulas in Eastern Music.

Works Cited• Bobf72450. "And He Shall Purify-Lyrics- Handel's Messiah." YouTube. YouTube, 19 Dec. 2010. Web. 06 Dec.

2012.• "Coptic Music Web Site." Coptic Music Web Site. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles." Coptic Orthodox Diocese of Los Angeles. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec.

2012.• "Egypt State Information Service." Egypt State Information Service. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt." Encyclopedia Coptica: The Christian

Coptic Orthodox Church Of Egypt. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "George Frideric Handel - Georg Friedrich Händel (Composer) - Short Biography." George Frideric Handel.

N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "GFHandel.org." GFHandel.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "Handel, Georg Friedrich: Biography." Handel, Georg Friedrich: Biography. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "Handel's Messiah." Handel's Messiah. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "The Heritage of the Coptic Orthodox Church." The Heritage of the Coptic Orthodox Church. N.p., n.d. Web.

06 Dec. 2012.• "Inspired by Ignatius Loyola's Love of "Magis" - the Greater, the Excellent, the Best." Ignatian Spirituality RSS.

N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• Pm581. "O Kirios." YouTube. YouTube, 05 Oct. 2009. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.• "Smithsonian.com." Smithsonian Magazine. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Dec. 2012.