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Georgia Cataloging Summit
Dr. Barbara B. Tillett and Judith A. Kuhagen Policy and Standards Division, Library of Congress
Library of Congress RDA Workshop for Georgia Cataloging Summit
9-10 August 2011
2
FRBR: Things You Should Know, But Were Afraid To Ask
Presented by Dr. Barbara B. TillettChief, Policy & Standards DivisionLibrary of CongressAugust 9, 2011
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FRBR
What is FRBR?Why do we need it?Where and how can we use it?
4
What is FRBR?
Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records IFLA publication 1998 FRBR Review Group
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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
Entity-relationship model• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes
User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain
National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)
Bibliographic Universe Books Serials Maps, globes, etc. Manuscripts. Musical scores A-V
sound recordings motion pictures photographs,
slides Multimedia “Remote” digital
materials Etc.
7
What’s a conceptual model?
Abstract depiction of the universe of things being described The things in that universe (entities) Identifying characteristics of those
entities (attributes) The relationships among the entities
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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship ModelEntitiesRelationshipsAttributes (data elements)
relationship
One Entity Another Entity
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FRBR’s Entity-Relationship Model
created
Shakespeare Hamletwas created by
Pers
on W
or
k
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FRBR Entities
Group 1:Products of intellectual & artistic endeavor = bibliographic resources Work Expression Manifestation Item
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Work
Physical -recording ofcontent
Intellectual/artistic content
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
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Vocabulary
“Book”
–Door prop(item)
–“publication” at bookstore any copy
(manifestation)
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Vocabulary
“Book”
–Who translated?(expression)
–Who wrote?
(work)
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
is realized through
is embodied in
is exemplified by
recursive
one
many
Group 1
Elements to Describe Resources Work
ID Title Date etc.
Expression ID Form Date Language etc.
Manifestation ID Title Statement of
responsibility Edition Imprint (place,
publisher, date) Form/extent of
carrier Terms of availability Mode of access etc.
Item ID Provenance Location etc.
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Examples1. Leatherbound autographed copy in
Rare Books Collection? 2. Digitized version of the Oxford
University Press text published in 2008?
3. French translation?4. London Symphony Orchestra 2005
performance?5. Hamlet?
Item
ManifestationExpression
Expression
Work
Original Work - Same
Expression
Same Work – New Expression
New WorkCataloging Rules Cut-Off Point
DerivativeEquivalent Descriptive
Facsimile
Reprint
ExactReproduction
Copy
MicroformReproduction
Variations or Versions
Translation
Simultaneous“Publication”
Edition
Revision
SlightModification
ExpurgatedEdition
IllustratedEdition
AbridgedEdition
Arrangement
SummaryAbstractDigest
Change of Genre
Adaptation
DramatizationNovelizationScreenplay
Libretto
FreeTranslation
Same Style orThematic Content
Parody
Imitation
Review
Criticism
AnnotatedEdition
Casebook
Evaluation
Commentary
Family of Works
Relationships Inherent among the
Group 1 entities
Content relationships among works/expressions
Structural
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Whole-Part
AccompanyingSequentialDerivative
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FRBR Entities
Group 2: Those responsible for the intellectual & artistic content = Parties Person Corporate body Family
Work
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Group 2
many
is owned by
is produced by
is realized byis created by
Person
Corporate Body
Family
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Relationship vs. Element
Work PersonCreated by
Creates
Ham
let S
hake
spear
e
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Subject Relationship
Work PersonCreated by
Creates
Concept/Topic
has subject
is subject of
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FRBR Entities
Group 3:Subjects of works Groups 1 & 2 plus Concept Object Event Place
Subject relationship
Work
Group 3
many
has as subject
Expression
Manifestation
Item
Person
Corporate Body
Work
Concept
Object
Event
Place
has as subject
has as subject
Family
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Why do we need FRBR? Improve the user experience in
locating information Guide systems designs for the future Guide rule makers
Cut costs for the description and access to resources in our libraries
Position information providers to better operate in the Internet environment and beyond
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Applications of the Conceptual Model
FRBR is conceptual model No application is
prescribed Opportunities for
the future in new systems designs Natl. Lib. Australia Variations3, etc.
Keep user foremost in mind
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CollocationBetter organization to catalogMore options to display Identifying elements Pathways
FRBR Benefits
☑ Simplify cataloging enabling links and re-use of identifying elements
CollocationObjectives of a
catalog: display All the works
associated with a person, etc.
All the expressions of the same work
All the manifestations of the same expression
All items/copies of the same manifestation
Hamlet
Stockholm2008
English
Swedish
French
German
Shakespeare
Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding
Romeo andJuliet
Pathways to Related WorksPathways to Related Works
Hamlet
Stockholm2008
English
Swedish
French
German
Shakespeare
Library of CongressCopy 1Green leather binding
Romeo andJuliet
Stoppard
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern Are Dead
Tex
t
Movies…
Derivativ
e
w
orks
Subject
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Collocation by Works
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. + All’s well that ends well+ As you like it+ Hamlet+ Macbeth+ Midsummer night’s dream+ …
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Collocation by Family of Works and Expressions
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.+ Texts+ Motion Pictures+ Sound Recordings
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Collocation by Expressions
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.+ Texts – Danish+ Texts – Dutch+ Texts – English+ Texts – French+ Texts – Spanish+ Motion Pictures – English+ Sound Recordings - English
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Collocation of Manifestations
Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.- Motion pictures – English
+ 1964 Director, Bill Collegan+ 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning+ 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli+ 1992 Director, Maria Muat+ 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh+ 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson
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FRBR Display - Serial Atlantic monthly
Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)
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FRBR Display - Serial Atlantic monthly
Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993) Online Paper Microfilm
Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971) Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932) Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)
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Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or “Expression” level rather than only at manifestation level
(VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this)
FRBR Benefits
HamletEnglish
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Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
Entity-relationship model• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3• Relationships• Attributes (Elements)
User tasks• Find• Identify• Select• Obtain
National level record elements (mandatory & optional data)
FRBR–Based Systems
Work
Manifestation
Person
Expression
Manifestation
ItemItem
Item
Concept
Corporate body
Person