GLOSSARY - iiSBE · GLOSSARY Selected Key Terms in English, French,German Dutch,Swedish and Japanese Annex 31 Energy-Related Environmental Impact of Buildings International Energy

GLOSSARY Selected Key Terms in English,

French, German Dutch, Swedish and Japanese

Annex 31 Energy-Related Environmental Impact of Buildings

ANNEX 31International Energy Agency

Energy Conservation in Buildings andCommunity Systems Programme

This research project was partially funded by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC).The contents, views and editorial quality of this report are the responsibility of the author(s) and neither CMHC nor FaberMaunsell Ltd. accepts responsibility for them or any consequences arising from the reader’s use of the information, materials and techniques described herein.

The complete Annex 31 project report is available electronically on the project website at www.annex31.org.Print copies of the Annex 31 Highlight Report and accompanying CD-ROM with the complete report are available from:

ECBCS BookshopC/o FaberMaunsell Ltd.Beaufort House94/96 Newhall StreetBirminghamB3 1PBUnited KingdomWeb: www.ecbcs.orgEmail: [email protected]

© 2004 Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation All property rights, including copyright, are vested in the Operating Agent (Canada Mortgage and HousingCorporation) on behalf of the International Energy Agency Energy Conservation in Buildings and CommunitySystems Programme for the benefit of the Annex 31 participants. No portion of this book and CD-ROM may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical,electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written permission of Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation.

Printed in CanadaProduced by CMHC on behalf of IEA ECBCSWeb site: www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca

November 2001(Final revisions 2004)

International Initiative for a Sustainable Built Environment (iiSBE)130 Lewis StreetOttawa, OntarioK2P 0S7CanadaWeb: www.iisbe.orgEmail: [email protected]

CONTENTSPREFACE........................................................................................................................iiiGENERAL TERMS USED FOR ASSESSMENT METHODS(English/French/German)...............................................................................................1

Data / Données / Daten ......................................................................................................................1Data base / Base de données, banque de données / Datenbasis, Datenbank.........................1Instruments, tools / Outils / Instrument,Werkzeug......................................................................1Metadata / Metadata / Metadata ........................................................................................................1Method / Méthode / Methode ...........................................................................................................1Methodology / Méthodologie / Methodologie ...............................................................................1Model / Modèle / Model......................................................................................................................2System / Système / System .................................................................................................................2Typology / Typologie / Typologie ........................................................................................................2

TERMS SPECIFIC TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (English/French/German)...............................................................................................3

Biosphere / Biosphère / Biosphere ...................................................................................................3Category / Catégorie / Kategorie [ISO 97b] ................................................................................3Comparative assertion / Affirmation comparative / Vergleichende Aussage ...........................3Environment / Environnement / Umwelt.........................................................................................3Environmental aspect / Aspect environnemental / Umweltaspekt...........................................4Environmental indicator / Indicateur environnemental / Umweltindikator [ISO 97b] ................................................................................................................4Environmental interventions / Interventions environnementales / Eingriffe in die Umwelt.........................................................................................................................4Environmental issue / Question environnementale / Umweltfrage...........................................4Environmental loads, loadings, burdens / Charges environnementales,facteurs d'impact / Umweltbelastungen ...........................................................................................4Environmental effect / Effet environnemental / Umwelteffekt (Umwelwirkung)..................4Environmental problem / Problème environnemental / Umweltproblem ...............................5Environmental theme / Thème environnemental / Umweltthema.............................................5Functional unit / Unité fonctionnelle / Funktionseinheit .............................................................5Goal and scope definition / Définition des objectifs et du domai-ne d'application / Zieldefinition (Zielfindung und Abgrenzung)........................................................5Impact / Impact / Wirkung ..................................................................................................................6Impact category / Catégorie d'impact / Wirkungskategorie .......................................................6Intervention : See Environmental Intervention ..............................................................................7Life cycle / Cycle de vie / Lebensweg, Lebenszyklus.....................................................................7Life cycle assessment (LCA) / Analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) / Produkt-Ökobilanz (LCA), Lebenszyklus bilanz .............................................................................7

GLOSSARY Background Reports

IEA ANNEX 31 ENERGY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BUILDINGS Page i

GLOSSARYBackground Reports

IEA ANNEX 31 ENERGY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BUILDINGSPage ii

Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) / Evaluation de l'impact du cycle de vie / ...................7Wirkungsabschätzung (Wirkungsbilanz) ..........................................................................................7Life cycle inventory analysis / Inventaire du cycle de vie, écobilan / Sachbilanz.....................7Life cycle interpretation / Interprétation du cycle de vie / Auswertung..................................7Normalisation / Normation / .............................................................................................................8Product system / Système de produit / Produktsystem ..............................................................8Raw material / Matière Première / Rohstoff, Rohmaterial ..........................................................8Source / Source / Quelle.....................................................................................................................8Technical system / Système technique / Technische System .......................................................8Technosphere / Technosphère / Technosphere...............................................................................8Unit process / Procédé unitaire / Einzelprozess............................................................................8Valuation / Evaluation / Wertung : See weighting...........................................................................8Weighting / Pondération / Gewichtung............................................................................................8

TERMS SPECIFIC TO THE BUILDING SECTOR (English/French/German) ..........9Building products typology / Typologie des Produits de construction / Bauprodukte Typologie.........................................................................................................................9Terms relevant for building construction or retrofit and for building fittings ........................9Terms relevant for building construction or retrofit..................................................................10Building life cycle involved parties identification / Identification des acteurs du cycle de vie d'un bâtiment / Baulebenszyklus Teilnehmer Identifizierung ......................10

TERMS SPECIFIC TO ENERGY (English/French/German).....................................14Embodied energy / Contenu énergétique / vergegenständlichte Energie (G),graue Energie (CH).............................................................................................................................14Feedstock energy / Energie d'alimentation / vergegend-ständlichter Heizwert (bei nichtenergetischer Nutzung) ...................................................................................................14Final energy use / Consommation d'énergie finale / Aufwand an Endenergie......................14Precombustion energy / Energie de précombustion /energetische Vorstufen .....................14Primary energy use / Consommation d'énergie primaire / Aufwand an Primärenergie...14

SELECTED TERMINOLOGY: ENGLISH TERMS TO JAPANESE ..........................15SELECTED TERMINOLOGY: ENGLISH,FRENCH,GERMAN,DUTCH AND SWEDISH ............................................................................................20REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................34ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................................36

PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTORThe principal author of this Glossary is Serge Sidoroff, Paris, France, working on behalf of

Sylviane Nibel, CSTB, France.

PREFACEThis Annex 31 glossary has been designed to improve communications amongst internationalgroups addressing the environmental performance of buildings.

The glossary emerged as a result of ongoing communications difficulties experienced within the IEA Annex 31.Academics and researchers in 14 countries needed to standardise the many specialised terms used for describing building performance. Often the existing literatureused different English terms interchangeably.Varying translations compounded this problem.The solution was to carefully review the use of all terminology, with special reference to termsused in international standards, and then to translate the English terms for other languagescommonly used within the Annex.

It is hoped that the glossary produced by the Annex will assist future efforts to shareinformation on the environmental performance of buildings.


IEA ANNEX 31 ENERGY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BUILDINGS Page iii

GENERAL TERMS USED FOR ASSESSMENT METHODS(ENGLISH/FRENCH/GERMAN)

Data / Données / Daten

The smallest unit of information in the form of numbers, letters and similar signs that saysomething about concrete objects, situations, or events. Data commonly used in most buildingassessments are generated or created from ‘original data', by means of methods and models[ETH 96].

Data base / Base de données, banque de données / Datenbasis, Datenbank

A database is a collection of pieces of data structured according to a coherent set of rules.These data owe (hopefully) a certain coherence and homogeneity regarding their origin,accuracy and quality. In a computerised form, a database also includes procedures for handling(retrieving, updating, or changing) the data it contains [AHO 97].

Instruments, tools / Outils / Instrument,Werkzeug

Instruments and tools are practice-oriented working tools that facilitate a larger process, andthat are built upon scientific methods and principles. Instruments and tools help to translateinsights gained from scientific methods to standard decision-making in the day-to-day course of business [ETH 96]. Instruments and tools thus systemize methods in a form suitable forpractical problem solving [AHO 97].

Metadata / Metadata / Metadata

Metadata includes all types of descriptive data used to operationalise a tool or method, includingthe subsystem structures, boundaries, quality, representativity, energy/transport/waste models,and other descriptors that can be used to support the choice of relevant data sets [SPOLD 96].

Method / Méthode / Methode

A procedure for the creation of scientific insight and practical results through the application of a set of rules, based upon a rationale and scientifically-oriented procedure [ETH 96].

Methodology / Méthodologie / Methodologie

A methodology is a theoretical framework suitable for analyzing events.A methodologyincludes definitions of basic concepts, description of ground models used to simplify reality,and a transparent application of scientific principles.The LCA approach is a methodology.


IEA ANNEX 31 ENERGY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BUILDINGS Page 1

Model / Modèle / Model

Models designate the simplified representations of the characteristics determining thebehaviour (static or dynamic) of an object or a system and its interaction with its surroundings.Models can be used to represent the functions fulfilled by the object or the system, and/or toinvestigate, predict or explain the dynamic development of a situation [ETH 96 + AHO 97].

System / Système / System

A system is a collection of connected unit objects (or processes) that perform one or moredefined functions [AHO 97].

Typology / Typologie / Typologie

A study of characteristic features in a data set, in order to determine types or systems.


IEA ANNEX 31 ENERGY-RELATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF BUILDINGSPage 2

TERMS SPECIFIC TO ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT(ENGLISH/FRENCH/GERMAN)

Biosphere / Biosphère / Biosphere

The region of the earth's crust and atmosphere occupied by living organisms. "Modelling thebiosphere" thus involves predicting all of the loadings, effect potential and impacts external tothe system.

Category / Catégorie / Kategorie [ISO 97b]

A group or class of inventory inputs and outputs that shares common environmental attributessuch as a mutual mechanism of action that can lead to a possible endpoint.A "flow category" isused to distinguish between emissions, products, wastes and raw materials.An "impact category"is used to group flows according to their potential impacts.

• Category indicator The full expression for this term is "life cycle impact category indicator".This refers to amodelled estimate that represents an overall or aggregate value of the emission loadings or resource use in the given category. [ISO 42.2]

• Category endpoint A selected representation of the natural environment, human health or resource depletionused to designate an impact category. [ISO 42.2 & 42.3]. It is the explicit concern thatconstitutes the basis to define a category - either through a known mechanistic network or through a more qualitative, subjective description. [ISO 97b].A category endpoint should be selected to align with a relevant environmental endpoint or issue of concern. It does not demonstrate that the loading and resource actually results in an effect. [ISO 97b].

• Environmental (category) endpointThe explicit, actual, measurable or observable effect in the environment that identifies theassessment endpoint as relevant and meaningful, and that allows evaluation of the significanceof the results of life cycle impact assessment. [ISO 97b].

Comparative assertion / Affirmation comparative / Vergleichende Aussage

An environmental claim regarding the superiority or equivalence of one product versus a competing product which performs the same function [ISO 40].

Environment / Environnement / Umwelt

The surroundings in which an organisation operates, including, air, water, land, natural resources,flora, fauna, humans and their interrelation. [ISO 97b, ISO 50]. Surroundings in this context extendfrom within an organization, to the global system (ISO 14001 definition). [ISO 97b, ISO 50].



Environmental aspect / Aspect environnemental / Umweltaspekt

The element of an organisation's activities, products or services that can interact with theenvironment. [ISO 40, ISO 97b].A significant environmental aspect is an environmental aspectthat has - or can have - a significant environmental impact. (ISO 14001 definition) In LCA, anenvironmental aspect is the elementary flow of resources, emissions and wastes across theboundaries into and out of the system.The potential "interaction" should be clearlydistinguished from impact where an observable change takes place. [ISO 97b]

Environmental indicator / Indicateur environnemental / Umweltindikator[ISO 97b]

A specific expression that provides information about an organisation's environmentalperformance, efforts to influence that performance or the conditions of the environment.Environmental performance indicators (EPI's) are used in relation to the organisation'smanagement and operations. Environmental condition indicators (ECI's) are used to describethe local regional/national or global conditions of the environment in relation to the organisation.

Environmental interventions / Interventions environnementales / Eingriffe in die Umwelt

The physical interaction between a system studied and the environment, defined in terms of the extraction of natural resources, or substances emissions to the environment media (air, soil, superficial and ground water), or space occupied by waste, building, and otherdisturbances. [CML 95]

Environmental issue / Question environnementale / Umweltfrage

The inputs and outputs (from LCA) and - if additionally conducted - environmental indicators(from LCIA), which are defined in general terms as being important in the goal and scopedefinition. [ISO 43]

Environmental loads, loadings, burdens / Charges environnementales,facteurs d'impact / Umweltbelastungen

The total releases of pollutants of different classes to the environment [SPOLD 93, CAN 94].An environmental load or impact factor is a chemical substance or a physical non-material flux(e.g. heat, acoustic pressure) emitted by a source into one of the environmental media (air,water, ground). Example: emission of CO2 by a boiler [NIBEL 97]. (In French, the expression"facteur d'impact" should not be confused with "classification factor" [CML 95] or"characterisation factor" [NORDIC 95].)

Environmental effect / Effet environnemental / Umwelteffekt(Umwelwirkung)

The consequence of an environmental intervention in the environmental system. [CML 95] Or measurable or observable change in the environment, human health or natural resource,which may be beneficial or adverse. [ISO 97b] This includes any consequence of the activities,



products or services of the organism [i.e. firm or institution] on the environment, whetheradverse or beneficial. [AFNOR 93] Effects are physical phenomena, which may inducesecondary and further order effects, in a cause-to-effect relationship. [ATEQUE 02] (Note that in some German texts, the use of the words ‘effect’ and ‘impact’ is inverted.)

Environmental problem / Problème environnemental / Umweltproblem

Environmental effects or impacts are generally summarised into general categories, referred toas environmental problems or themes, or impact categories. For instance, [UNEP 96] definesthe main environment problems used in LCA as: abiotic depletion, energy depletion, humantoxicity, ecotoxicity (aquatic and terrestrial), acidification, nutrification, ozone depletion, globalwarming and photochemical oxidant formation.

Environmental theme / Thème environnemental / Umweltthema

A type of environmental problem scored during an impact assessment.The themes as stated byCML are summarised as depletion, disturbance and pollution. Depletion concerns the themeabiotic depletion, biotic depletion and energy depletion; disturbance, e.g. to ecosystems, has tobe described qualitatively; pollution concerns the theme human toxicity, aquatic and terrestrialecotoxicity, acidification, nutrification, ozone depletion, global warming, photochemical oxidantformation and smell. Other items sometimes quantified are waste and water use [CML 95].Environmental problems or themes and impact categories may be considered as synonymous.

Functional unit / Unité fonctionnelle / Funktionseinheit

Quantified performance of a product system for use as a reference unit in a LCA study.[ISO 40] It is a measure of the performance of the functional outputs of the product system.It is a reference to which the inputs and outputs are related. [ISO 97b]

Goal and scope definition / Définition des objectifs et du domai-ned'application / Zieldefinition (Zielfindung und Abgrenzung)

The goal of an LCA study shall unambiguuously state the intended application, the reasons forcarrying out the study and the intended audience, i.e. to whom the results of the study areintended to be communicated [ISO 40]. Goal definition is sometimes referred to as initiation(SPOLD, CAN).

The scope of an LCA study shall consider and clearly describe [ISO 40]:• the functions of the product system, or, in the case of comparative studies,

the systems;• the functional unit;• the product system to be studied;• the product system boundaries;• allocation procedures;• types of impact and methodology of impact assessment, and subsequent interpolation

to be used;• data requirements;



• assumptions;• limitations;• inital data quality requirements;• type of critical review, if any; and• type and format of the report required for the study.

The scope should be sufficiently well defined to ensure that the breadth, the depth and thedetail of the study are compatible and sufficient to address the stated goal. Because LCA is aniterative technique, the scope of the study may need to be modified while the study is beingconducted, as additional information is collected.

Impact / Impact / Wirkung

A change to the environment and the associated consequences for both humans and otherecosystem components caused directly by the activities of product or service development andproduction. Impacts include secondary and tertiary consequences with direct upstream links toprimary changes to environmental systems [CAN 94]. From the point of view of the receptorin the environment, the "impact" concept is the result of an interpretation phase, where theopinion of experts regarding outdoor environment, human health and comfort is located on avalue scale.This point of view depends on non-scientific criteria and may also evolve accordingto the scientific knowledge available [ATEQUE 02].

• Potential impactAn impact which could be either hypothetical or ‘not now, but later’. LCIA focuses on "non-actual" impacts (not real, observed or measured). [ISO 97b]

• Indirect impactA natural environmental, human health or natural resource impact whereby the originalloadings or resource uses may act indirectly through other types of impacts or components of the natural environment. [ISO 97b]

• Impact assessmentPhase of LCA aimed at structuring, organising, translating and analysing the inventory input and output data to arrive at a better understanding of the magnitude and significance of the environmental loadings and resource uses of a product system. [ISO 97b]

Impact category / Catégorie d'impact / Wirkungskategorie

Environmental impacts are generally summarised into impact categories (see alsoenvironmental themes or problems also defined above).Three major impact categories are identified by [NORDIC 95] :

1. resource depletion : energy, material, water, land,



2. human health impacts : toxicological and non-toxicological, excluding work environment, human health impacts in work environment,

3. ecological impacts : global warming, depletion of stratospheric ozone, acidification,eutrophication, photo-oxidant formation, ecotoxicological impacts, habitat alterations and impacts on biological diversity.

Environmental problems or themes and impact categories may be considered as synonymous.

Intervention : See Environmental Intervention

Life cycle / Cycle de vie / Lebensweg, Lebenszyklus

Consecutive and interlinked stages of a product system, from raw material acquisition orgeneration of natural resources to the final disposal [ISO 40].

Life cycle assessment (LCA) / Analyse du cycle de vie (ACV) / Produkt-Ökobilanz (LCA), Lebenszyklus bilanz

The overall process of assessing the life cycle impacts associated with a system, function,product or service. Sometimes considered to include the Initiation, Inventory, Impact Analysisand Improvement stages [SPOLD 93].A concept and a method to evaluate the environmentaleffects of a product holistically, by analysing its entire life cycle.This includes identifying andquantifying energy and materials used and wastes released to the environment, assessing theirenvironmental impact, and evaluating opportunities for improvement [CAN 94].

Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) / Evaluation de l'impact du cycle de vie / Wirkungsabschätzung (Wirkungsbilanz)

The phase of LCA aimed at understanding and evaluating the magnitude and significance of thepotential environmental impacts of a product system [ISO 40, ISO 97b].The main differencebetween LCA and LCIA is the focus on "potential".

Life cycle inventory analysis / Inventaire du cycle de vie, écobilan / Sachbilanz

The phase of LCA involving the compilation and quantification of inputs and outputs, for agiven product system throughout its life cycle [ISO 40]. Note, to avoid confusion, avoid usingacronyms of this term.

Life cycle interpretation / Interprétation du cycle de vie / Auswertung

The phase of LCA in which the findings of either the inventory analysis or the impactassessment, or both, are combined consistent with the defined goal and scope in order to reach conclusions and recommendations [ISO 40, ISO 98].



Normalisation / Normation /

Normalisation involves factoring results by a common unit (persons, years, area, and so on) in order to allow for a fair comparison of the relative significance of impacts. Normalisation is sometimes required in preparation for additional procedures such as weighting orinterpretation. [ISO 42]

Product system / Système de produit / Produktsystem

Collection of materially and energetically connected unit processes which performs one ormore defined functions [ISO 40].

Raw material / Matière Première / Rohstoff, Rohmaterial

Primary or secondary material that is used to produce a product [ISO 40].

Source / Source / Quelle

Sources are physical elements of the system under study (boiler, window, light bulb), which,by their characteristics, have an influence on the environment during the product life cycle.

Technical system / Système technique / Technische System

A collection of product systems which perform one or more defined functions, and are suitablefor modeling and assessment.Technical systems exist at all scales, from appliances to buildingsand whole cities.

Technosphere / Technosphère / Technosphere

The subset of the biosphere influenced and changed by human planning and activity.

Unit process / Procédé unitaire / Einzelprozess

Smallest portion of a product system for which data are collected when performing a LCA[ISO 40].

Valuation / Evaluation / Wertung : See weighting.

Weighting / Pondération / Gewichtung

Weighting is an optional procedure within life cycle impact assessment that involves ranking or possibly aggregating the indicator results across impacts categories. For example, resourcedepletion may be combined with pollution indices.Weighting is based on value choices.Theweights are not exclusively based on scientific knowledge, but always involve some element of subjective judgment. [ISO 42] Note that the term "weighting" is preferable to "valuation"because French terms do not differentiate between "evaluation" and "valuation".



TERMS SPECIFIC TO THE BUILDING SECTOR(ENGLISH/FRENCH/GERMAN)

Building products typology / Typologie des Produits de construction /Bauprodukte Typologie

The following definitions are translated from [OLIVE 97].The terms in italics are definedelsewhere in the paragraph.

• Terms relevant for building construction or retrofit and for building fittings• Basic building material / Matériau de construction de base / Baumaterial, Grundmaterial

A basic building material is one of the following materials:

• a natural rough product, not treated beyond the treatment required for extraction (mining, etc.),

• a natural product, physically or chemically treated,• a combination of several rough and/or treated natural products.

The following list of basic building materials may be representative:Earth (generic term for earths and clays)WoodStone (generic term for any kind of natural stone used in building construction)Gypsum (generic term for gypsum and anhydrite)Cement (mix of clay and lime)Sand and gravelFired clay and ceramics (treated clay)flat glass (treated sand)Cast ironSteelCopperZincLeadAluminiumPlastic (treated oil products)

• Packaging products / Produits de conditionnement / Packstoffe,Verpackungsmaterialen

Products used to contain marketed products to provide delivered products.

• Complementary products for implementation / Produits complémentaires de mise en oeuvre / Ergänzungsverbindungsprodukte

Building products needed to implement building half products, elements or components,e.g. bonds (cement, mortar, glue, weld, bonding or fixing elements), gaskets and seals.

• Building final product / Produit de construction fini / Fertigbauprodukt

Building product implemented on site as such, which may be either a building element,or a building component.



• Building element / Elément de construction / Bau element, Element

Homogeneous simple shaped building product, which is a final product, involving a basic building material, complementary products for implementation and packaging products.

• Building component / Composant de construction / Bauteil, Bauwerksteil

Heterogeneous or complex shaped building product, which is a final product, involving one or several basic building materials, complementary products for implementation and packaging products.

• Building half-product / Semi-produit de construction / Zwischenprodukt, Halbzeug

Building product sized on site, involving one or several basic building materials,complementary products for implementation and packaging products.

• Terms relevant for building construction or retrofit

• Complementary products for combination / Produits complémentaires de combinaison /Ergänzungskombinationsprodukte

Building products needed to implement basic building products, e.g.: water and solvents,additives and admixtures, reinforcement products (steel reinforcement, tendons for prestressing, fibers), accessories and devices.

• Basic building products / Produits de construction de base / Basisbauprodukte

Building product shaped on site, constituted either by constituents mixed on site, or by mix of constituents prepared off site.

• Constituents mixed on site / Constituants mélangés sur le chantier / an der Arbeitsstätte gemischte Bestände

Basic product, involving one or several basic materials and complementary products for combination mixed on site, complementary products for implementation and packaging products.

• Mix of constituents prepared off site / Mélange de constituants préparés hors chantier / Gemisch von aus der Arbeitsstätte verfertigte Bestände

Basic product, involving one or several basic materials and complementary products for a combination mixed off site, complementary products for implementation and packaging products.

• Building life cycle involved parties identification / Identification des acteurs du cycle de vie d'un bâtiment / Baulebenszyklus Teilnehmer Identifizierung

• The pole of collective interests / Le pôle d'intérêt collectif / Vertreter der Öffentlichkeit

• Elected representatives / élus / gewählte Repräsententen

The elected representatives constitute the legislative or legislative-oriented power at the national and European scales.



• Administrations / administrations / Verwaltung/Regierung

The administrations hold the state power to make regulations at any geographical scale (e.g. government, ministries, prefectures, Regional Directions of the Ministries in charge of Industry, Environment,Agriculture, Planning and Housing, etc.)

• Governmental agencies / agences / staatliche Stellen, Ämter

The governmental agencies hold the incentive power at any geographic scale (e.g. Environmental Protection Agencies,Water Agencies, etc.)

• Regional and departmental (f) or county (uk) authorities / collectivités régionaleset départementales / regionale Behörden

The regional and departmental authorities are the elected representatives of the regional and departmental Councils and their technical services, taken as patrimony (i.e. building stocks) managers.

• Local authorities / collectivités locales / lokale Behörden

The local authorities are the elected representatives of the district / communal councils or inter-district / communal syndicates.

• Research institutions and technical centres / organismes de recherche et centres techniques / Forschungseinrichtungen

The research institutions and technical centres have thematic purposes, sector-based or professional (e.g. Building Research Institutes, Building Products Technical Centres, etc.)

• Vocational training institutions/ organismes de formation/ Berufsausbildungseinrichtungen

The vocational training institutions include technical high schools and universities and continuing educational centres.

• Consumers associations / associations de consommateurs / Verbraucherorganisationen

The consumer associations comprises the public and private organisms defending the consumers’ interests (quality, price, health, etc.) at any geographic scale.

• Associations for environmental protection / associations de protection de l'environnement / Umweltschutzorganisationen

The associations for environmental protection include organisms working to promote the respect of the environment at any geographic scale.

• The pole of operational decision-making / Le pôle de décision opérationnelle / Gruppe der Unternehmer/Investoren

• Development companies / sociétés d'aménagement / Projektentwicklungsgesellschaften

The development companies act as public or private decision makers (e.g. public and semi-public development corporations).



• Non-managing building owners / maîtres d'ouvrage non gestionnaires / nicht verwaltere Hausbesitzer

The non-managing building owners are the public or private property developers who build and sell.

• Managing building owners / maîtres d'ouvrage gestionnaires / verwaltere Hausbesitzer

The managing building owners build and manage their building stocks (e.g. public sector housing organisms (French HLM), bank property companies (French SCIC), some investors,etc.)

• Backers / financeurs / Finanzierer

The backers include the funders not involved in the ownership development, e.g. the bankers and the insurers which help among others the building owners and the contracting authorities, (investors and private individuals).

• The pole of design / Le pôle de conception / Gruppe der Planer

• Prime contractors (including architects) / maîtres d'oeuvre / Baumeister

The prime contractors (including architects) are commissioned by the client to design the construction, to manage the project, to control the performance of the contractors and to propose the acceptance of their work and their payment.

• Technical consultants / bureaux d'études techniques / beratende Ingenieure

The technical consultants are in a broad sense the engineers and technicians commissioned to design technical parts of the building (structure, external works, services, planning / scheduling, etc.) as firms (offices, etc.) or as freelancers (consulting engineer, etc.).

• Town planners / urbanistes / Stadtplaner

The town planners are the designers of the layout of the urban areas.

• Landscape engineers / paysagistes / Landschaftsplaner, Raumplaner

The landscape engineers are not only planners / designers of the open-spaces neighbouring the building but also contribute to the planning, urban and architectural studies.

• Construction surveyors / économistes de la construction / Vermessungsinspektoren

The construction / quantity surveyors use construction costs data bases to assess if a project cost is realistic regarding a given budget.They can also estimate the indirect costs of a construction, by establishing a relationship between investment budget and operating budget, etc.



• The pole of project carry-through / Le pôle de réalisation / der Ausführungsbereich

• Industrialists and distributors / industriels et distributeurs / Hersteller und Händler

The industrialists and distributors manufacture and/or deliver building products and fittings.

• Contractors / réalisateurs / Auftragnehmer

The contractors are the builders and installers working on the building site (e.g. general and trade-specific contractors, artisans, etc.)

• Control offices / bureaux de contrôle / Prüfingenieure

The control offices are in a broad sense the engineers and technicians commissioned to control the quality and check the safety (conformity controls, project documentation checking and on-site construction checking).

• The pole of use / Le pôle d'utilisation / Gruppe der Nutzer

• Service providers / prestataires de services / Dienstleister

The service providers intervene to insure the normal operation of the building during its use phase (e.g. the heating operating companies, the maintenance firms, the electricity, waterand gas providers, etc.).

• Building managers / gestionnaires / Gebäudebetrieber

The building managers manage their own assets (e.g. the public sector housing) or the assets of others (e.g. condominiums).

• Users of residential buildings / usagers des bâtiments résidentiels / Gebäudebewohner

The users of residential buildings are considered only as occupiers, either as owners or as tenants.

• Users of service-providing buildings / usagers des bâtiments tertiaires / Gebäudenutzer

The users of service-providing buildings are only considered as occupiers.

• Insurers / assureurs / Versicherungsgesellschaften

The insurers insure the whole building, including during its use phase (ten-year guarantee in particular).



TERMS SPECIFIC TO ENERGY(ENGLISH/FRENCH/GERMAN)

Embodied energy / Contenu énergétique / vergegenständlichte Energie (G), graue Energie (CH)

The sum of the energy used to manufacture a product from cradle to the input gate of the usesite and of its feedstock.

Feedstock energy / Energie d'alimentation / vergegend-ständlichterHeizwert (bei nichtenergetischer Nutzung)

Feedstock energy quantifies the potential of raw material inputs, such as wood or plasticmaterials, to deliver energy if they were used as fuel for heating.

Final energy use / Consommation d'énergie finale / Aufwand an Endenergie

Energy consumption measured at the final or end use level. For a building, this would be theenergy inflow measured at the gate of the building, excluding passive solar gains and heatrecovery from human beings.The end use energy is opposed to the primary energy use.

Precombustion energy / Energie de précombustion /energetische Vorstufen

The total energy used to produce, transport and store a fuel during its whole life cycleupstream of the burner.

Primary energy use / Consommation d'énergie primaire / Aufwand anPrimärenergie

The energy consumption measured at the natural resource level. For electricity, the primaryenergy used to produce 1 kWhel may be a mix of several primary energies :

• fossil fuels (crude oil, natural gas, uranium),• geothermal,• renewable fuels (biofuels, wood) • and renewable forces (hydropower, solar, wind, tidal).

This mix is typically a characteristic shared within a grid at the regional or national scale, andcan vary significantly.The conversion from final use electricity to primary energy inputs requiresassumptions about the structure of the electricity production and about the conversionefficiency of electrical power plants. For example, the IEA expresses primary energy use in toe (tons of oil equivalent) units and uses a conversion factor of :

• 0.086 toe/TWhel for hydro, solar, wind and tidal energies,• 0.258 toe/TWhel for nuclear energy • 0.86 toe/TWhel for geothermy [IEA].

The French Ministry of Industry uses a mean conversion factor reflecting the French electricitymix of 0.222 toe/TWhel [SESSI 92].



SELECTED TERMINOLOGY: ENGLISH TERMS TO JAPANESE













SELECTED TERMINOLOGY: ENGLISH, FRENCH,GERMAN, DUTCH AND SWEDISH

abiotic abiotique, minéral abiotisch abiotsch abiotisk

acceptable noise level

Confort acoustique (m)

akzeptabler Geräuschpegel (m)

acceptabel geluidsniveau acceptabel ljudnivå

acceptance test Essai (m) de réception (f)

Abnahmeprüfung (f) acceptans test

administration Administration (f) Verwaltung, Regierung (f) overheid administration

ageing, weathering

Vieillissement (m) Alterung (f) veroudering

aggregation Agrégation (f)

air change rate Taux (m) de renouvellement (m) d'air

Luftwechselrate (f) luchtversingssnelheid luftomsättning

air conditioning Air conditionné (m)

Klimaanlage (f) klimaatregeling klimatisering

air tightness Etanchéité (f) à l'air (m)

Luftundurchlässigkiet (f), Luftdichtheit (f)

lufttäthet

allocation Affectation (f) Allokation, Zuordnung (f) toewijzing allokering

allotment, cluster, development

Lotissement (m) Parzellierung (f) toewijzing kluster

ambiance Ambiance (f) Umgebung, Ambiente (f) omgeving omgivning

apparent recycling/ reuse rate

Taux apparent (m) de recyclage/ réemploi (m)

Rezyklier-/ Wiederverwertungsanteil/ -rate (f)

recycling återvinningtakt

assembling, joining

Assemblage (m) (mise en oeuvre)

Zusammenbau (m), Montage (n)

assemblage sammanfoga

assembly Assemblage (m) (résultat)

Zusammenbau (m) het geassembleerde, gemonteerde

sammansättning/ montering

assessment Evaluation (f) (Ab-,Ein)schätzung, Beurteilung (f)

beoordeling värdering

association for environmental protection

Association (f) de protection (f) de l'environnement (m)

Umweltschutzorganisation (f)

organisatie van milieubeheer

miljöskyddsförening

assumption Hypothèse (f) Annahme (f) aanname/hypothese hypotes/antagande

average Moyenne (f) Durchschnitt (n) gemiddelde genomsnittlig

ENGLISH FRENCH GERMAN DUTCH SWEDISH



backer Financeur, investisseur (m)

Finanzierer (m), Geldgeber bzw. Investor (m)

bankier finanicär, investerare

basement Fondation (f) Grundmauer (f) grondbewerking grund

basement Cave (f) Keller (m) kelder källare

bearing wall Mur porteur (m) tragender Mauer (f) dragende muur bärande vägg

benchmark Valeur repère (f) (Fixpunkt) Vorgabewert im Sinne Grenz-/Zielwert (m)

standaard referensvärde

biotic biotique, biologique

biotisch biotisch biotisk

boiler Chaudière (f) Kessel (m) ketel brännare

building element Elément (m) de construction (f)

Bauelement (n) bouwelement byggnadselement

building envelope

Enveloppe (f) du bâtiment (m)

Gebäudehülle (f) schil van een gebouw byggnadsskal

building manager Gestionnaire (m) Gebäudebetrieber (m) gebouwbeheerder fastighetsförvaltare

building owner Propriétaire (m) du bâtiment (m), Maître (m) de l'ouvrage (m)

Gebäude-/ besitzer/ -eigentümer (m)

gebouweigenaar fastighetsägare

building site (uk) Chantier de construction (m)

Bauplatz (m), Baustelle (f) bouwplaats byggplats

building stock Parc (m) de bâtiments (m)

Gebäudebestand (m) gebouwvoorraad fastighetsbestånd

byproduct Sous-produit (m) Nebenprodukt (n) bijproduct biprodukt

calculation Calcul (m) Berechnung (f) berekening beräkning

calorimeter Compteur (m) de chaleur (f)

Wärmemengenzähler (m) warmtemeter kalorimeter/ värmemätare

capital goods Biens (m, pl) d'investissement (m)

Investitionsgüter (m, pl) kapitaalgoederen kapitalvaror

case, example/case study

Cas, exemple (m)/ étude (f) de cas

Fallbeispiel (n)/ Fallstudie (f)

fallstudie, exempel

characterisation Caractérisation (f) karakterisatie karaktärisering

classification Classification (f) Klassifizierung (f) classificatie klassificering

closed/open loop recycling

Recyclage (m) en boucle fermée/ouverte (f)

(Wieder-/Weiter) verwertung (f)

open-loop- recycling öppet/ slutet kretslopp

Collection Collecte (f) Sammlung (f) collectie/ verzameling samling




comparability Comparabilité (f) Vergleichbarkeit (f) vergelijkbaarheid jämförbarhet

construction surveyor

Economiste (m) de la construction (f)

bouwopzichter mängdberäknare

consumers association

Association (f) de consommateurs (m)

Verbraucherorganisation (f) consumentenorganisatie konsumentförening

contractor Réalisateur (m) Auftragnehmer (m) opdrachtnemer entreprenör

control office Bureau (m) de contrôle (m)

Prüfeinrichtung (m) controlebureau kontrollant

coproduct Coproduit (m) Kuppelprodukt, Koppelprodukt (n)

co-product samprodukt

coverage (building -)

Couverture (d'un bâtiment) (f)

Dachwerk (n), Bedachung (f)

bereik taktäckning

critical review Revue critique (f) kritische Begleitung (f) kritisch overzicht kritisk granskning

cut-off criterion, -ria

Critère (m) de négligeabilité (f), de coupure (f)

Abschneidekriterium, -rien (n)

criteria om te stoppen avgränsningskrterier

daily intake Dose quotidienne (f)

tägliche Dosis (f) dagelijke dosis dagligtintag

data données (f, pl) Daten (n, pl) data data

daylight factor Facteur de Lumière du Jour (FLJ) (m)

Tageslichtquotient (m) daglichtfactor dagsljusfaktor

degree days Degrés-jours (m, pl)

Heizgradtage (m, pl) graaddagen graddagar

design Conception (f) Entwurf (m) ontwerp design

detached house Maison isolée (f) Einzelhaus (n) vrijstaand huis småhus

development company

Société (f) d'aménagement (m)

Projektentwicklungs- gesellschaft (f)

projectontwikkelaar utvecklingsföretag

distributor Distributeur (m) Händler (m) distributeur distributör

district heating Chauffage urbain (m)

Fernwärme (f) warmtenet fjärrvärme

disturbance Perturbation (f) Störung (f) storing störning

documentation Documentation (f) sur le bâtiment

Gebäudepass (m) byggnadsbeskrivning

documentation Descriptif (m) Objektbeschreibung (f) beskrivning

domestic waste Déchets ménagers (m)

Kehricht, Hausmüll (n) huishoudelijk afval hushållsavfall




dominance analysis

Analyse (f) de dominance (f)

Dominanzanalyse (f) dominantie analyse dominansanalys

ecobalance Ecobilan (m) Ökobilanz (f)

ecolabel Marque environnementale (f), écolabel (m)

Umweltzeichen (n) eco-balans miljömärkning

ecological scarcity

Ecorareté (f) ökologische Knappheit (f) oecologische schaarste ekoknapphet

eco-profile Ecoprofil (m) Ökoprofil (n) milieuprofiel miljöprofil

ecotoxicity/ ecotoxicology

Ecotoxicité/ écotoxicologie (f)

Ökotoxizität/ Ökotoxikologie (f)

ecotoxicologie ekotoxisk/ ekotoxikologi

efficiency Rendement (chaudière) (m), efficacité (pompe à chaleur) (f)

Wirkungsgrad (m) efficiëntie effektivitet

effluent Effluent (m) Ausfluss (m) effluent utflöde

elected representative

Elu (m) gewählte Repräsentent (m) gekozen vertegenwoordiger

utvald

elementary flow Flux élémentaire (m)

Elementarfluss (m) elementenstroom grundflöde

ELU,Environmental Loading Unit

Unité de charge environnementale (f)

Umweltbelastungseinheit (f)

milieubelastingseenheid miljöbelastningsenhet

embodied energy Contenu énergétique (m)

vergegenständlichte, graue Energie (f)

energie- inhoud inbyggd energi

emergency response

Mesure (f) d'urgence (f)

Notfallmassnahme (f) noodmaatregel kritiskt värde

emission Emission (f) Emission (f) emissie emission/utsläpp

energetic analysis

Analyse énergétique (f)

Energieanalyse (f) energie-analyse energianalys

Energy passport Passeport énergétique ? (m)

Energieausweis (m) energipass

energy carrier Vecteur énergétique (m)

Energieträger (m) energiedrager energibärare

energy consumption, energy use

Consommation, utilisation d'énergie (f)

Energieverbrauch (m), Endenergie (f)

energieconsumptie energianvändning

energy recovery Récupération d'énergie (f)

Abwärmenutzung (f) hergebruik van energie energiåtervinning




energy requirement

Besoins énergétiques (m, pl)

Energiebedarf (m), Nutzenergie (f)

benodigde energie energibehov

energy signature

Signature énergétique (f)

Energiekennzahl (m) milieu energisignatur

environment Environnement (m)

Umwelt (f) omgeving, milieu miljö

environment Milieu (m) Umgebung (f), Wirkungskreis (m), Milieu

omgeving, milieu omgivning

environmental audit

Eco-audit (m) Öko-Audit milieu-audit miljöredovisning

environmental effect

Effet (m) sur l'environnement (m)

Umwelt(ein-/aus) wirkung (f)

milieu-effect miljöeffekt

environmental loading

Charge environnementale (f)

Umweltbelastung (f) milieubelasting miljöbelastning

environmental management

Management environnemental (m)

Umweltmanagement milieubeheer miljöledning

environmental profile

Profil environnemental (m)

Umweltbelastungsprofil (n) milieuprofiel miljöprofil

evaluation Evaluation (f) Bewertung, Auswertung (f) evaluatie utvärdering

exhaust air Air extrait (m) Abluft (f) afvoerlucht frånluft

feedstock Energie d'alimentation (f)

vergegendständlichter Heizwert (bei nichtenergetischer Nutzung) (m)

voedingsenergie värmevärde

final residual Déchets ultimes (m, pl)

Reststoffe (m, pl) reststoffen restprodukter

financial terms Termes monétaires (m)

monetäre Grösse, Wertgrösse (n)

financi‘le termen finansiella termer

flow chart Diagramme (m) des flux (m)

Prozesskette (f) procesdiagram flödesschema

flow diagram Diagramme (m) des flux (m)

Flussdiagramm stofstroomdiagram flödesdiagram

fossil fuel Combustibles fossiles (m)

fossiler Energieträger (m) fossiele brandstoffen fossilt bränsle

from cradle to gate

du berceau à la sortie de l'usine

von der Wiege bis zum Fabriktor

van wieg tot poort från vaggan till grinden




from cradle to grave

du berceau à la tombe

von der Wiege bis zum Grab

van wieg tot graf från vaggan till graven

fuel Combustible (usage fixe) (m)

Brennstoff (m) brandstof fastbränsle

fuel Carburant (usage mobile) (m)

Brennstoff (m) brandstof flytande bränsle

functional unit Unité fonctionnelle (f)

funktionelle/funktionale Einheit, Funktionseinheit (f)

functionele eenheid funtionell enhet

global energetic content

Contenu énergétique global (m)

globaler Energiegehalt (m) globale energie - inhoud övre värmevärde

global warming Réchauffement global (m)

globale Erwärmung (f) warmer worden van de aarde

global uppvärmning

goal definition Définition (f) des objectifs (m)

Zieldefinition doelbepaling måldefinition

governmental agency

Agence (f) staatliche Stelle (f), Amt (n) overheidsinstelling statligt verk/ myndighet

greenhouse effect

Effet (m) de serre (f)

Treibhauseffekt broeikaseffect växthuseffekt

gross energy Energie primaire (f)

Primärenergie Bruttoenergie (f) (von ETHZ)

primaire energie primärenergi

guideline Recommandation (f)

Leitfaden rekomendation

hazardous waste Déchets spéciaux (m)

Sonderabfall (m) schadelijk afval farligtavfall

heat gain Gain thermique (m)

Wärmegewinn (m) värmetillskott

heat loss Perte thermique (f)

Wärmeverlust (m) värmeförlust

heating Chauffage (m) Heizung (f) verwarming uppvärmning

heating capacity Capacité calorifique (f)

Heizleistung (f) verwarmingscapaciteit värmekapacitet

heating load Charge (f) de chauffage

Heizleistung (f) värmelast

heating period Saison (f) de chauffe (f)

Heizperiode (f) verwarmingsperiode uppvärmningperiod

heating value Pouvoir calorifique (m)

Heizwert (m) verwarmingswaarde värmevärde

home-job traffic Trafic pendulaire (m)

Pendlerverkehr, Berufsverkehr (m)

woon-werk-verkeer pendeltrafik




illumination Eclairement (m) Beleuchtung (f) verlichting belsyning

immission Immission (f) Immission (f) immissie immision

impact Impact (m) Wirkung (f) impact påverkan

imperviousness Etanchéité (f) Dichtigkeit (f) ondoorlatendheid genomsläpplighet

in-/outflows of a system

Intrants/sortants d'un système (m)

input/output in-en uitvoer van een systeem

in-/utflöde

incineration plant Unité d'Incinération (f)

Verbrennungsanlage (f) verbrandingsinstallatie förbränningsanläggning

industrialist Industriel (m) Hersteller (m) fabrikant industriell

inert chemical Substance inerte (f)

Inertstoff (m) inerte stof inert ämne

inert waste Déchets inertes (m, pl)

Inertabfall (m) inert afval inert avfall

insulation (thermal -)

Isolation thermique (f)

Isolierung (f), Wärmedämmung (f)

isolatie värmeisoloering

insurer, insurance company

Assureur (m), compagnie (f) d'assurance (f)

Versicherungsgesellschaft (f)

verzekeringsmaatschappij försäkringsbolag

intended audience

public visé (m) angesprochene Zielgruppe (f)

doelgroep målgrupp

interior climate Climat (m), ambiance intérieure (f)

Innenklima (n) binnenklimaat inneklimat

intermediary product

Demi-produit (m) Zwischenprodukt (m) tussenproduct mellanprodukt

issue question (f), sujet (m), problème (m)

Sachverhalten (m) onderwerp fråga, problem

job site (us) Chantier (m) de construction (f)

Bauplatz (m), Baustelle (f) bouwplaats byggplats

joinery Menuiserie (f) Schreinerei, Tischlerei (f) timmerwerkplaats snickeri

label Label (m), étiquette (f)

Label märkning

landfill/to Décharge (f)/ mettre en

Deponie (f)/ deponieren stortplaats/ storten deponi, avfallsplats

landscape engineer

Paysagiste (m) Landschaftsplaner, Raumplaner (m)

planoloog lanskapsplanerare

legal requirement Exigence légale, réglementaire (f)

gesetzliche Forderung (f) wettelijke eisen normkrav

life cycle Cycle (m) de vie (f)

Lebensweg (m), Lebenszyklus

levenscyclus livscykel




life cycle assessment, LCA

Analyse (f) du Cycle de Vie, ACV

Ökobilanz (f) levenscyclusanalyse livscykelanalys, LCA

life cycle impact assessment

Evaluation (f) des impacts (m) du cycle de vie

Wirkungsabschätzung (f) levenscyclusassessment värdering av miljöpåverkan

life cycle inventory analysis

Inventaire (m) du cycle de vie

Sachbilanz (f) levenscyclusinventarisatie livscykelinventering

life cycle stage/ step

Période/ étape (f) du cycle de vie

Lebens(abschnitt (m)/ -zyklusphase)

stap in de levenscyclus livscykeletapp

light Lumière (f) Licht (n) licht ljus

light efficiency Efficacité lumineuse (f)

Lichtausbeute (f) effici‘nte verlichting ljusutbyte

lighting Eclairage (m) Beleuchtung (f) verlichting belysning

limit value Valeur limite (f) Grenzwert (m) grenswaarde gränsvärde

limitation Limitation (f) Einschränkung (f)/ Begrenzung (f)

grens, limiet begränsning

link Relation (f), liaison (f), lien (f)

Verknüpfung (f) verbinding samband

loading, load Charge (f)/ Fret (m)

Last, Belastung (f)/ Fracht (f)

belasting belastning

local authority Collectivité locale (f)

lokale Behörde (f) lokale overheid lokal församling/ myndighet

loss Perte, déperdition (f)

Verlust (m) verlies förlust

main product Produit principal (m)

Hauptprodukt (m) belangrijkste product huvudprodukt

maintenance Entretien (m), maintenance (f)

Instandhaltung (f) onderhoud underhåll

managing building owner

Maître d'ouvrage gestionnaire (m)

Gebäudebesitzer Hausverwalter (m)

gebouwbeheerder/ -eigenaar

förvaltare

mandator mandant (m) Auftraggeber (m) opdrachtgever uppdragsgivare

masonry Travaux (m, pl) de maçonnerie (f), gros-oeuvre (m)

Maurerarbeiten (n), Mauerarbeit (f)

metselwerk murverk

master Maître (m) de l'ouvrage (m)

Bauherr (m), Baubesitzer (m)

bouwopzichter byggledare

master builder Maître d'oeuvre, architecte (m)

Baumeister, Polier (m) bouwheer byggmästare

material Matière (f), Stoff (m) materiaal material




mean value Moyenne (f) Durchschnitt (n) gemiddelde waarde medelvärde

measurement Mesurage (m), mesure (f)

Messung (f) meting mätvärde

mechanical ventilation

Ventilation mécanique (VMC) (f)

mechanische Lüftung (f) mechanische ventilatie mekanisk ventilation

monitoring Surveillance (f), contrôle (m)

Überwachung (f) monitoring övervakning, mätning

multicriteria analysis, MCA

Analyse multicritères (f)

Multikriterienanalyse, mehrkriterielle Analyse (f)

woongebouw, flat multikriteriaanlys

multi-storey dwelling

Habitation collective (f)

Mehrfamilienhaus (n) multi-criteria-analyse flerfamiljshus

natural ventilation

Ventilation naturelle (f)

freie/natürliche Lüftung (f) natuurlijke ventilatie naturlig ventilation

need, requirement

Besoin (m) Bedarf (m) vereiste behov

noise Bruit (m) Geräusch (n) geluid buller

non elementary flow

Flux non élémentaire (m)

Nicht elementarer Fluss (m)

niet-elementaire stroom sekundärflöde

nuisance Nuisance (f) Schaden (m), Belästigung (f)

geluidhinder besvär

nutrification Eutrophisation (f) Überdüngung, Eutrophierung (f)

eutrofi‘ring övergödning

occupational disease

Maladie professionnelle (f)

Berufskrankheit (f) beroepsziekte yrkesskada

occupational health

Hygiène (f) du travail (m)

Arbeits- und Gesundheitsschutz (m)

arbeidshygi‘ne arbetshygien

one-family house Habitation individuelle (f)

Einfamiliehaus (n) eengezinswoning enfamiljhus, småhus

operating costs Coûts (m, pl) d'utilisation (f)

Betriebkosten (f, pl) bedrijfskosten driftskostnad

operational decision-making

Décision opérationnelle (f) Entscheidungsfindung (f)

operationele besluitvorming

driftsbeslut

outdoor climate Climat extérieur (m)

Aussenklima (n) buitenklimaat utomhusklimat

overall score Note, évaluation globale (f)

Rangfolge (f) totaalscore slutomdöme

planning Urbanisme (m) Stadtbebauungsplan (m) ruimtelijke ordening stadsplanering

planning Aménagement (m)

Planung (f) planning byggnadsplanering




pollution (air, water, soil -)

Pollution (f) de l'air (m), de l'eau (f), du sol (m)

Luft-, Wasser, Bodenverschmutzung (f)

vervuiling, verontreiniging luft-, vatten, markförorening

primary energetic consumption

Consommation d'énergie primaire (f)

Primärenergieverbrauch (m)

primaire energieverbruik primärenergiförbrukning

prime contractor Maître d'oeuvre (m)

Hauptauftragnehmer (m) hoofdaannemer huvudentreprenör

process Procédé (m) Verfahren (n) proces process

process tree Arbre des procédés (m)

Prozessbaum (m) procesboom processträd

product Produit (m) Produkt (m) product produkt

product information

Information (f) sur le produit

Produktdeklaration (f) produktinformation

project carry-through

Réalisation (f) Ausführung (f) uitvoering genomförande

quantity surveyor Métreur-vérificateur (m)

Mengen-/Kostenkalkulator (m)

inspecteur mängdberäknare

radiation Rayonnement (m) Strahlung (f) straling strålning

rain Pluie (f) Regen (m) regen regn

raw material Matière première (f)

Rohstoff, Rohmaterial (m) ruwe materialen/ grondstoffen

råmaterial

rebuilding Reconstruction (f) Wiederaufbau, Umbau (m) renovatie ombyggnad

recommendation/ exclusion criteria

Critères de recommandation/ d'exclusion (m)

Empfehlungs/ Ausschlußkriterien

rekommenderade-/ gränsvärden

recommendation/ exclusion list

Liste de recommandation/ d'exclusion (f)

Positiv-/Negativliste (f) rekommendations-/ begränsningslista

recycling Recyclage (m) Recyclierung (f)/ Recycling recycling återbruk, återvinning

reference sample Echantillon témoin (m)

Prüfmuster (n) referentie referensprov

regional and departmental (f)/ county (uk) authorities

Collectivités régionales et départementales (f)

regionale Behörde (f) provinciale overheid länsstyrelse

rehabilitation Restauration (f) Wiederinstandsetzung (f) renovatie/restauratie restaturering

relative humidity Degré hygrométrique (m), humidité relative (f)

Feuchtigkeitsgrad (m) relatieve luchtvochtigheid fuktighet, relativ fuktighet




release Rejet (m) Freisetzung (f) oplevering avge

reliability Fiabilité (f) Zuverlässigkeit (f), betrouwbaarheid hållbarhet

renewable renouvelable erneuerbar vernieuwbaar förnybar

renovation Réhabilitation, rénovation (f)

Wiederherstellung (f), Renovierung (f)

renovatie renovering

representant of the collective interests

Représentant (m) de l'intérêt collectif (m)

Vertreter (m) der Öffentlichkeit (f)

vertegenwoordiger van collectieve belangen

allmännytta

reproductibility Reproductibilité (f) Nachvollziehbarkeit (f) reproduceerbaarheid reproduktionsförmåga

research institution

Organisme (m) de recherche (f)

Forschungseinrichtung (f) onderzoeksinstituut forskningsinstitution

reuse Réutilisation (f) Wiederverwendung (f) hergebruik återbruk, återanvändning

room Pièce (f), local (m) Zimmer (n), Raum (m) kamer rum

safety Sécurité (f) Sicherheit (f) veiligheid säkerhet

scope Domaine (m) d'application (f)

Untersuchungsrahmen (m) diepgang tillämpningsområde

secondary energy

Energie secondaire (f)

Sekundärenergie (f) secundaire energie sekundärenergi

sensitivity analysis

Analyse (f) de sensibilité (f)

Sensitivitätanalyse (f) gevoeligheidsanalyse känslighetsanalys

service provider Prestataire (m) de services (m)

Dienstleister (m) dienstverlener tjänsteföretag

sewage Egout (m) Abwasser (n) rioolwater avlopp

sewing plant Station (f) d'épuration (f) (STEP)

Abwasserreinigungsanlage, Kläranlage (f)

rioolwaterzuiverings- installatie

avloppsanläggning

simplified/ streamlined method

Méthode simplifiée (f)

vereinfachte Methode (f), Kurzverfahren (n)

vereenvoudigde methode förenklad metod

site equipement Matériel (m) de chantier (m)

Baustelleneinrichtung (f) bouwplaatsmateriaal byggplatsutrustning

smell Odeur (f) Geruch (m) geur lukt

solvent Solvant (m) Lösungsmittel (n) oplosmiddel lösningsmedel

specific consumption

Consommation spécifique (f)

spezifischer Verbrauch (m) specifieke consumptie specifik förbrukning

specific gravity Densité (f) spezifische Dichte (f) dichtheid densitet, täthet

specific weight Poids volumique (m)

spezifisches Gewicht (n) soortelijk gewicht specifik vikt

standardisation Normalisation (f) Normung (f) standaardisatie normering




standards control Contrôle (m) d'homologation (f)

Güteprüfung (f) ijking kontrollmätning

storage Stockage, réservoir (m)

Speicher (f) voorraad lager

stratospheric ozone layer depletion

Destruction (f) de la couche d'ozone stratosphérique (f)

Ozonschichtabbau in der Stratosphäre (m)

aantasting van de ozonlaag

uttunning av stratosfäriska ozonlagret

suite, flat, apartment

Appartement (m) Wohnung (f) appartement lägenhet

surface Surface (f) Fläche (f) oppervlak yta

surface area Superficie (f) Oberfläche (f) oppervlakte yta

Sustainability checking

Contrôle (m) de soutenabilité

Umweltverträglichkeits- prüfung (f)

bedömning av uthållighet, miljökonse- kvensbeskrivning (MKB)

system boundary Frontière (f) du système (m)

Systemgrenze (f) systeemgrens systemgräns

system definition Définition (f) du système (m)

Systemdefinition systeemdefinitie systemdefinition

target Objectif (m) Einzelziel (n) doel mål

technical center Centre technique (m)

Technisches Zentrum (n) technisch centrum tekniskt centrum

technical consultant

Bureau (m) d'études techniques (f)

beratende Ingenieur (m) technisch adviseur teknisk konsult

tender Soumission, offre (f)

Submission (f), Ausschreibung (f)

tender avtal, upphandling

test Essai (m) Prüfung (f), Versuch (m) test test, prövning

thermal comfort Confort thermique (m)

Wärmekomfort (m), thermische Behaglichkeit (f)

thermisch comfort termisk komfort

thermal inertia Inertie thermique (f)

thermische Trägheit (f) thermische traagheid värmetröghet

thermal insulation

Isolation thermique (f)

Wärmedämmung (f) warmteisolatie värmeisolering

threshold Seuil (m) Schwelle (f) drempel tröskel

tightness Etanchéité (f) Dichtigkeit (f) vastheid täthet

total embodied energy

Contenu énergétique total (m)

graue Energie - gesamt (f) totale energie - inhoud inbyggd energi

town planner Urbaniste (m) Stadtplaner (m) stedenbouwkundige statsplanerare




town refuse Déchets, résidus urbains (m,pl), ordures ménagères (f, pl)

Siedlungsabfälle (m, pl), Stadtmüll (m)

afvalinzameling hushållsavfall

toxicity Toxicité (f) Giftigkeit (f), Toxizität toxiciteit toxicitet, giftighet

uncertainty analysis

Analyse (f) d'incertitude (f)

Fehlerabschätzung (f) onzekerheidsanalyse osäkerhetsanalys

upstream/ downstream

Amont/aval Vorstufen/ Folgestufen stroomopwaarts/ stroomafwaarts

upströms/ nedströms

urban waste Déchets, résidus urbains (m,pl), ordures ménagères (f, pl)

Siedlungsabfälle (m, pl), Stadtmüll (m)

huishoudelijk afval hushållsavfall

use Utilisation (f) Verwendung (f) gebruik användning

user of residential building

Usager (m) de bâtiment résidentiel (m)

Gebäudebewohner (m), Nutzer (m)

bewoner hyresgäst

user of service-providing building

Usager (m) de bâtiment tertiaire (m)

Gebäudenutzer (m) bewoner hyresgäst

valuation pondération (f) Bewertung (f) waardering bedömning, värdering

ventilation Ventilation (f) Lüftung (f) ventilatie ventilation, luftomsättning

vertical analysis Analyse séquentielle (f)

Stufenanalyse (f) stofstroomanalyse stegvis analys

virgin/recycled (raw) material

Matière première (f) vierge/secondaire

(Primär-/Sekundär) rohstoff (m)

ruw materiaal råvara, återvunnen vara

vocational training institution

Organisme (m) de formation (f)

Berufsausbildungs- einrichtung (f)

beroepsopleidings- instituut

utbildnings- organisation

volatile organic compound, VOC

Composé organique volatil, COV (m)

flüchtige organische Verbindung (f)

vluchtige organische stof flyktig organisk förening, VOC

wall, partition Mur (m), paroi (f) Wand (f) muur, scheidingsmuur yttervägg, mellanvägg

waste Déchet (m) Abfall (m) afval avfall

waste disposal Traitement (m) des déchets (m, pl)

Abfallbeseitigung (f) afvalplaats avfallshantering

waste elimination Elimination (f) des déchets (m,pl)

Abfallentsorgung (f) afvalverwijdering avfallseliminering




Gestion (f) des Abfallverwaltung (f) afvalmanagement avfallshantering waste management déchets (m, pl)

weighing factor, wheight

Facteur/coefficient (m) de pondération (f), poids (m)

Gewichtungsfaktor (m) wegen viktningsfaktor

weighting Pondération (f) Gewichtung, Wertung (f) weegfactor, gewicht viktning

well-being Bien-être (m) Wohlsein (n) welzijn välbefinnande

work contract Contrat (m) d'entreprise (f)

Werkvertrag (m) arbeidsovereenkomst arbetsavtal

works Ouvrage (m) Werk (n) bouwwerk arbete


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ABBREVIATIONSAFNOR Association Française de Normalisation (French standard Organisation), F

ATEQUE Atelier d'Evaluation de la Qualité Environnementale des Bâtiments (French Working group for Assessment of the Environmental Quality of Buildings), F

CML Centre for Environmental Science, univ. of Leiden, NL

CIB Conseil International du Bâtiment pour la Recherche, l'Etude et la Documentation

CSTB Centre Scientifique et Technique du Bâtiment (French Building Research Centre)

KTH Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan (Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm)

LCA Life Cycle Assessment

LCIA Life Cycle Impact Assessment

ISO International Standard Organisation

ETH Swiss Federal Technical School of Zürich, CH

SPOLD Society for the Promotion of LCA Development

Toe tons of oil equivalent

UNEP/IE United Nation Environmental Program/Industry & Environment



Documents

GLOSSARY - iiSBE · GLOSSARY Selected Key Terms in English, French,German Dutch,Swedish and Japanese Annex 31 Energy-Related Environmental Impact of Buildings International Energy