Gnipst Bulletin 30.2

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15th

November , 2013 Volume No.: 30 Issue No.

Contents Message from GNIPS

Letter to the Editor News Update

Health awareness

Disease Outbreak Ne

Forth Coming Events

Drugs Update

Campus News

Students Section

Editors Note

Archive

Vision

TO GROW AS A CENTRE OF EXCELLENCE IN THE FIELD O

PHARMACEUTICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

EDITOR: Soumya BhattacharyaGURU NANAK INSTITUTE OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCE AND

TECHNOLOGY

GNIPST Photo Gallery

For your comments/contributionORFor ack-Issues,

mailto:[email protected]
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Clinic have demonstrated that gluten in the diet may modify the

intestinal microbiome, increasing incidences of Type 1 diabetes. These

researchers demonstrated that mice fed a gluten-free diet had a

dramatically reduced incidence of Type 1 diabetes.Read more

Intranasal Insulin improves cognitive function in

patients with Type 2 Diabetes (13thNovember, 2013)

The link between type 2 diabetes and dementia has become widely

recognized. a small proof-of-concept study led by investigators at

Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC) offers promise of a

new treatment for this widespread problem. Currently published on-line in the journal Diabetes Care, the study results show that a single

dose of intranasal insulin can help improve cognitive function in

patients with diabetes.Read more

Breathalyzer Technology Detects Acetone Levels to

Monitor Blood Glucose in Diabetics(13thNovember, 2013)

A novel hand-held, noninvasive monitoring device that uses

multilayer nanotechnology to detect acetone has been shown to

correlate with blood-glucose levels in the breath of diabetics. This

research is being presented at the 2013 American Association of

Pharmaceutical Scientists (AAPS) Annual Meeting and Exposition,

the worlds largest pharmaceutical sciences meeting, in San Antonio,

Nov. 1014.Read more

Risk of heart attack, stroke among diabetes

patients significantly lower after gastric bypass(13thNovember, 2013)

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New research from the Cleveland Clinic shows most patients with

diabetes and obesity who undergo gastric bypass not only experience

remission of their diabetes and lose significant weight, but they also

reduce their risk of having a heart attack by 40 percent and their risk

for suffering a stroke by 42 percent, over a 10-year time horizon. This

study emphasizes that gastric bypass dramatically changes the

trajectory of many chronic diseases associated with diabetes and

improves multiple cardiovascular risk factors in the long term.Read

more

'Diabetic Flies' Can Speed Up Disease-FightingResearch(6thNovember, 2013)In a finding that has the potential to significantly speed up diabetesresearch, scientists at the University of Maryland have discoveredthat fruit flies respond to insulin at the cellular level much likehumans do, making these common, easily bred insects good subjects

for laboratory experiments in new treatments for diabetes. Read

more

HEALTH AWARENESS

Encephalopathy- A diabetic complication

Diabetes is the metabolic disorder characterized by

hyperglycemia, glycosuria, hyperlipidaemia, negative nitrogen

balance and sometimes ketonaemia. The characteristic feature of

diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemia due to defect in both action and

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secretion of insulin. Hyperglycemia as a common end point for all

type of diabetes mellitus is followed by micro and macro vascular

complications leading to cardiovascular disease, nephropathy,

neuropathy and retinopathy. Diabetic encephalopathies are now

accepted complications of diabetes.

The term Encephalopathy literally means disorder or

disease of the brain. In modern usage, encephalopathy does not

refer to a single disease, but rather to a syndrome of global brain

dysfunction; this syndrome can be caused by many different

illnesses. Diabetic encephalopathy refers to the cognitive decline

associated with diabetes.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, has assumed

pandemic proportions and its long-term complications can have

devastating consequences. Besides the most commoncomplications of the peripheral nervous system in diabetic

patients, recent evidence has demonstrated that diabetes may also

have negative impacts on the central nervous system. Several

observations indicate that diabetes mellitus might be accompanied

by a certain erosion of brain function. For example, impaired

performance in global memory, attention, abstract reasoning and

visual-motor tasks are recognized to be more frequent in the

diabetic population. Oxidative stress and inflammation plays a

central role in diabetic tissue damage.

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Glucose is the main energy substrate of the human brain;

however the occurrence of chronic hyperglycemia can be

deleterious for the brain. The brain, which constitutes only 2% of

the human body weight, utilizes almost 25% of total body glucose.

The glucose metabolism is used not only for energy substrate but

also the breakdown of glucose provides important compounds for

neurons, including neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and

glutamate.

Chronic hyperglycemia could, thus, be one of the

determinants of cognitive decline in people with abnormal glucose

metabolism. The deleterious effects of hyperglycemia are mediated

through an increased flux of glucose through the polyol and

hexosamine pathways, disturbances of intracellular second

messenger pathways, an imbalance in the generation and

scavengers of ROS, and by AGEs. Besides being directly implied in

aging (last two processes), these phenomena also contributes to

micro-vascular changes, what leads to microinfarcts and

generalized brain atrophy which, in turn result in cognitive

decline and dementia. Basal forebrain cholinergic neurons and

oxidative stress in brain have been suggested to play an importantrole in the regulation of memory functions.

Cognitive deficits in diabetes mellitus can result from

metabolic impairment or cerebral vascular complications.

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Although the pathogenesis of these deficits is multifactorial and

controversial, there is strong evidence for the involvement of

micro-vascular dysfunction and oxidative stress due to excess

production of oxygen free radicals. In the latter case, since the

mammalian hippocampus and cerebral cortex play a pivotal role in

a diverse set of cognitive functions, such as novelty detection and

memory, these areas are very vulnerable to oxidative damage in

STZ-diabetic animals. In agreement with this idea, it has been

reported that lipid peroxidation enhances in both regions of thebrain, which itself leads to a significant impairment in both motor

and memory behavioral functions in diabetic animals. Induction of

diabetes impairs long term potentiation (LTP) and enhances long

term depression (LTD) induced by high frequency and low

frequency stimulations, respectively. This could indicate that

diabetes acts on synaptic plasticity through mechanisms involved

in metaplasticity.

It is also known that LTP plays a crucial role in consolidation

of memory. Persistent facilitation of LTD and inhibition of LTP

may contribute to learning and memory impairments associated

with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, STZ-induced diabetes in ratsresults in the altered function of N-methyl-DAspartate (NMDA)

and Amino-hydroxy-propionic acid (AMPA) type glutamate

receptors, which are implicated in learning and memory processes.

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In this study, intensity of derangement in behavioral factors

increased with time. In agreement with this finding, it has been

found that the intensity of deficits of learning and memory may

increase in the course of diabetes which is associated with

intensification of pathological processes within the brain regions

engaged in these processes.

There are also some reports on the involvement of the

cholinergic system abnormality in the impaired acquisition and/or

retention of passive avoidance learning. In this respect, it has been

postulated that the observed behavioral abnormalities consequent

on an impairment of cerebral glucose metabolism may be

suggestive of cholinergic dysfunction. It has also been reported

that the level of neurotrophic insulin-like growth factor (IGF) is

reduced in diabetic patients and rodents. STZ-induced diabetes

impairs cognitive functions and causes an imbalance in the

expression of neural cell adhesion molecules (NCAM) in those

brain regions involved in learning and memory. Altered expression

of NCAM in hippocampus may be an important cause of learning

and memory deficits that occurs in diabetes mellitus. From a

biochemical viewpoint, cognitive impairment in diabetes mellitushas been associated with hippocampal apoptotic neuronal loss. In

this respect, impaired insulinomimetic action by C-peptide plays a

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prominent role in cognitive dysfunction and hippocampal

apoptosis in diabetes.

Three mechanisms that mediate the toxic effects ofhyperglycemia/hyperinsulinemia are responsible for the aging

process of the brain, namely:

1. Accumulation of AGEs.

2. Increasing formation of ROS, with consequent increased

oxidative stress.

3. Increased amyloid peptide level in hippocampus and cortex

region of brain.

Recent experimental data emphasize the role of impaired

central insulin action and provide information as to potential

therapies. Therefore, the underlying mechanisms resulting in

diabetic encephalopathies are complex and appear to differ

between the two types of diabetes. In view of the increasing

incidence of both type 1 and type 2 diabetes, intensified

investigations are called for to expand our understanding of these

complications and to find therapeutic means by which these

disastrous consequences can be prevented and modified.

-Dipanjan Mandal

Asst. Professor, GNIPST

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Some Facts of Diabetes

About 347 million people worldwide have diabetes.

There is an emerging global epidemic of diabetes that can be tracedback to rapid increases in overweight, obesity and physical inactivity.

Diabetes is predicted to become the seventh leading cause of

death in the world by the year 2030.

Total deaths from diabetes are projected to rise by more than 50% in

the next 10 years.

There are two major forms of diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes is characterized by a lack of insulin production and

type 2 diabetes results from the body's ineffective use of insulin.

A third type of diabetes is gestational diabetes.

This type is characterized by hyperglycaemia, or raised blood sugar,

which has first appeared or been recognized during pregnancy.

Type 2 diabetes is much more common than type 1 diabetes.

Type 2 accounts for around 90% of all diabetes worldwide. Reports of

type 2 diabetes in children previously rare have increased

worldwide. In some countries, it accounts for almost half of newly

diagnosed cases in children and adolescents.

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Cardiovascular disease is responsible for between 50% and 80% of

deaths in people with diabetes.

Diabetes has become one of the major causes of premature illness and

death in most countries, mainly through the increased risk ofcardiovascular disease (CVD).

In 2004, an estimated 3.4 million people died from consequences of

high fasting blood sugar.

80% of diabetes deaths occur in low- and middle-income

countries.

In developed countries most people with diabetes are above the age of

retirement, whereas in developing countries those most frequently

affected are aged between 35 and 64.

Diabetes is a leading cause of blindness, amputation and kidney

failure.

Lack of awareness about diabetes, combined with insufficient accessto health services and essential medicines, can lead to complications

such as blindness, amputation and kidney failure.

Type 2 diabetes can be prevented.

Thirty minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity on most days

and a healthy diet can drastically reduce the risk of developing type 2

diabetes. Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented.

(Based on WHO database)

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DISEASE OUTBREAK NEWS

Cholera in Mexico(13th November,2013)The Ministry of Health in Mexico has reported an additional four

cases of infection with Vibrio cholerae O1 Ogawa. Of these, two are

from the state of Hidalgo and two from the state of Veracruz. Read

more

FORTHCOMING EVENTS

The 2nd Pharm. Tech IAPST International Conference on "New insights into

diseases and recent therapeutic approaches"from 17th to 19th January 2014 in

Kolkata, India.Read more

DRUGS UPDATES

FDA approves Imbruvica for rare blood cancer (13th

November, 2013)The U.S. Food and Drug Administration today approved Imbruvica

(ibrutinib) to treat patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL), a rare

and aggressive type of blood cancer.

Read more

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CAMPUS NEWS

B.Pharm 3rd year won the GNIPST Football Champions trophy,2013. B.Pharm 3rdyear won the final match 1-0 against B.Pharm 2nd

year. Deep Chakraborty was the only scorer of the final.

Students of GNIPST organized pre puja celebration programme,Saaranya on 7thOctober, 2013 in college Auditorium.

GNIPST organized a garment distribution programme on 28th

September, 2013 at Dakshineswar Kali Temple and Adyapith,

Kolkata. On this remarkable event about hundred people have

received garments. More than hundred students and most of the

faculties participated on that day with lot of enthusiasm.

GNIPST celebrated World Heart Day (29th September) and

Pharmacists Day(25

th

September) on 25

th

and 26

th

September,2013 in GNIPST Auditorium. A seminar on Violence against

woman and female foeticide was held on GNIPST Auditorium on

25th September organized by JABALA Action Research

Organization. On 26thSeptember an intra-college Oral and Poster

presentation competition related to World Pharmacists day and

Heart day was held in GNIPST. Ms. Purbali Chakraborty of

B.Pharm 4th year won the first prize in Oral Presentation. The

winner of Poster presentation was the group of Ms. Utsa Sinha,

Mr. Koushik Saha and Mr. Niladri Banerjee(B.Pharm 4thyear). A

good number of students have participated in both the competition

with their valuable views.

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STUDENTS SECTION

WHO CAN ANSWER FIRST????

In Diabetes mellitus the word mellitus derived

from Latin name of which natural object?

Which remarkable medicine was developed byDr. Arthur Riggs and Genentech?

Answer of Previous Issues QuestionsA) Fluoxetine, Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor B)John F. Nash Jr.

Identify the personalities

Answer of Previous Issues Image

Ivan Pavlov,(1849-1936) a Russian Physiologist;pioneer inrefelex action and psycho-physilogical research and Nobel

laureate in 1904 in physiology for his work on the physiology of

digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the

subject has been transformed and enlarged.

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Solve the Puzzle

NUMBER : UNBMRE ::GHOST:?

Answer of Previous Issues Puzzle49

Send your thoughts/ Quiz/Puzzles/games/write-ups or any other contributions for StudentsSection answers of this Section [email protected]

EDITORS NOTE

I am proud to publish the 2nd

issue of 30th

Volume of GNIPST

BULLETIN. GNIPST BULLETIN now connected globally through

facebook account GNIPST bulletin

I want to convey my thanks to all the GNIPST members and the

readers for their valuable comments, encouragement and supports.

I am thankful to Dr. Abhijit Sengupta, Director of GNIPST for his

valuable advice and encouragement. Special thanks to Dr. Prerona

Sahaand Mr. Debabrata Ghosh Dastidarfor their kind co-operation

and technical supports. I am thankful to Mr. Subha Bhattacharjee

for his contribution to solve the puzzle section and Mr. Dipanjan

Mandal for his write up in Health awareness section.

An important part of the improvement of the bulletin is the

contribution of the readers. You are invited to send in your write ups,

notes, critiques or any kind of contribution for the forthcoming special

and regular issue.

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ARCHIVE

Teachers daywas celebrated on 5thSeptember, 2013 by the

students of GNIPST in GNIPST Auditorium.

A zalea exotic flower ) , the fresher welcome programme fornewcomers of GNIPST in the session 2013-14 was held on 8th

August in GNIPST Auditorium.

One day seminar cum teachers development programme forschool teachers on the theme of Recent Trends of Life Sciences

in Higher Education organized by GNIPST held on 29th June,

2013 at GNIPST auditorium. The programme was inaugurated by

Prof . Asit Guha, Director of JIS Group, Mr. U.S. Mukherjee, Dy

Director of JIS Group and Dr. Abhijit Sengupta, Director cum

Principal of GNIPST with lamp lighting. The programme started

with an opening song performed by the B.Pharm students of thisinstitute. The seminar consists of a series of lectures, video

presentations and poster session. On the pre lunch session 4

lectures were given by Dr. Lopamudra Dutta, Mr. Debabrata

Ghosh Dastidar, Ms. Swati Nandy and Ms. Tamalika Chakraborty

respectively. On their presentation the speakers enlighten the

recent development of Pharmacy, Genetics and Microbiology and

their correlation with Life Sciences. On the post lunch session, Ms.Saini Setua and Ms. Sanchari Bhattacharjee explained the recent

development and career opportunities in Biotechnology and

Hospital Management. The programme was concluded with

valedictory session and certificate distribution.

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About 50 Higher secondary school teachers from different

schools of Kolkata and North& South 24 Parganas district of

West Bengal participated in this programme. A good interactive

session between participants and speakers was observed in the

seminar. The seminar was a great success with the effort of

faculties, staffs and students of our Institute. It was a unique

discussion platform for school teachers and professional of the

emerging and newer branches of Life Science.

The following B.Pharm. final year students have qualified,

GPAT-2013. We congratulate them all.

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The general body meeting of APTI, Bengal Branch has been conducted

at GNIPST on 15th June, 2012. The program started with a nice

presentation by Dr. Pulok Kr. Mukherjee, School of Natural Products,

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JU on the skill to write a good manuscript for publication in impact

journals. It was followed by nearly two hour long discussion among

more than thirty participants on different aspects of pharmacy

education. Five nonmember participants applied for membership on

that very day.

GNIPST is now approved by AICTE and affiliated to WBUT for

conducting the two years post graduate course (M.Pharm) in

P H A R M A C O L O G Y .The approved number of seat is 18.The number of seats in B.Pharm. has been increased from 60 to 120.

AICTE has sanctioned a release of grant under Research Promotion

Scheme (RPS) during the financial year 2012-13to GNIPST as per the

details below:

a. Beneficiary Institution: Guru Nanak Institution of Pharmaceutical

Science & Technology.

b.Principal Investigator:Dr. LopamudraDutta.

c. Grant-in-aid sanctioned:Rs. 16,25000/- only

d.Approved duration: 3 yearse. Title of the project: Screening and identification of potential

medicinal plant of Purulia & Bankura districts of West Bengal with

respect to diseases such as diabetes, rheumatism, Jaundice,

hypertension and developing biotechnological tools for enhancing

bioactive molecules in these plants.

Documents

Gnipst Bulletin 30.2