Golden Fleece-KM Abdul Momin

7/23/2019 Golden Fleece-KM Abdul Momin

1/96


2/96

Mvb wdm 2

Mvb wdm

K Gg Avyj gvwgb

RjQwe cKvkb


3/96

Mvb wdm 3

Mvb wdm

K Gg Avyj gvwgb

c_g cKvkGKzk eBgjv, 2015M^ZjLKcQ`

Awb` nvmvb

ISBN 978-984-91162-6-4

cKvkKGKGg bvwmi Dwb Avng`

RjQwe cKvkb10/11, ZvRgnj ivW, eK wm, gvnv`cyi, XvKv 1207

dvb : 01817127807, 01915684434Email :[email protected]

gy`YkKwj wcUvm

70, XvKvwekwe`vjq gvKUKuvUveb, XvKv

g~j : 180 UvKv..................................................................................

GOLDEN FLEECEby K M Abdul Mumin

Published in February 2015 by AKM Nasiruddin AhmedJalchhabi Prokashon, Dhaka-1207

Price: Taka 180.00..................................................................................

GKgv cwiekK

gvMbvg Icvm112, AvwRR mycvi gvKU (eRgU)

XvKv-1000
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]


4/96

Mvb wdm 4

DrmMweRGgwm cwieviK


5/96

Mvb wdm 5

m~wP

Rgm RBm t KvjRqx JcbvwmK ... 7

Bsjvi ivRv AvjdWi Wwbk `gb ... 15BsiwR M`i gweKvk dvwm eKbi Ae`vb ... 26HwZnvwmK cvcUGvUwb I wKIcUvi cg ... 30

gnvivR dWwiK t mxZ, mgi I kvmbi mgqK ... 41BsiR Kwe jWevqibi cg ... 47KlK Kbv _K mvx ... 54

BsiR Kwe kwji cg ... 59Bsjv wLag cPvii m~Pbv ... 69ivbx GjwdWvi cYq Kvwnbx ... 77AvaywbK bvUKi RbK nbwiK Bemb ... 86Mvb wdm ... 94


6/96

Mvb wdm 6

Rgm RBm : KvjRqx JcbvwmK

AvBwik JcbvwmK Rgm RBm (1882-1941) wesk kZvxi iZ BsiwR

Dcbvm mvwnZ Awfbe aviv mshvRbigvag h fm~Pbv Kib, kZvx AwZvnjI Zv AcwZiva MwZZ wekevcxAKz cksmv ARb Ki PjQ| Av`k IEbwesk kZvxi eyRvqv wfwcm~ZmvgvwRK ghv`v, cvw_e Hkh, eevwnKRwUjZv, we`gvb kwYmsNvZ BZvw`

gawe m`vqi `bw`b Rxeb cwiwPZ welq Aej^b Dcbvmmwi MZvbyMwZK aviv wZwb mvnwmKZvi m eRb Kib|evwnK NUbvi Dci AZwaK iZ c`vbi cwieZ gvbe gbi

RwUj Mw DbvPb mP nb| wPv, aviYv, Kbv, Abygvb, AveM,Abyf~wZ, wZ BZvw` h mg mPZb, AePZb A_ev APZbgbvRMZ cwZwbqZ evei msNvZ wqv, wewqv ev cwZwqvkxj ZvDcbvmi AvwK Abycg kwK icvqbi gvag wZwb weqKi wecemvab Kib| PZbv cevn (Stream of Consciousness), AvKwKDcjw (Epiphany), b`bZi aviYv (Aesthetic Concepts),Atmsjvc (Interior Monologue), cwZwbwaZ (Microcosm)BZvw`Dcv`vbmg~n Zvi beavivi Dcbvm wewbgvY mgwaK iZ enb Ki|

Avqvijvi Wvewjb kni 1882 mvji 2 deqvwi Rgm RBmRbMnY Kib| Zvi wcZvi bvg Rb vwbmjm RBm Ges gvZvi bvg

gwi Rb gvoB| Rgm RBm Zv`i `k mvbi ga R wQjb|ZviwQj Kk wKKgbxq Pnviv, xY w wKZx gav Ges wg KwK p wP| AvRb `vwi cxwoZ Rgm RBmi wkvi cwZ wQj cejAvMn| wewfbcwZK~jZv mI wZwb h_vg KvR DW, ejwfwWqvi


7/96

Mvb wdm 7

KjR Ges Wvewjb BDwbfvwmwU KjRi wkv mgv Kib| `kbkv,AvaywbK fvlv, b`bZ Ges mgmvgwqK BDivcxq mvwnZ wQj Zvi wcqwelq|

gv AvVvi ermi eqm Rgm RBm biIqi cLvZ bvUKviBemb-Gi Iqb DB WW GIqvKb bvUKi mgvjvPbv Kib|mgvjvPbvwU jb _K Z`vbxb weLvZ mvgwqKx dvU bvBUwjwiwfDZ cKvwkZ nj wZwb jLK mvbxîc Kzwo wMwbi GKwU PKjvf Kib| Qv G cKvkbvqZvi cwZkwZkxj mvebv cwijwZ nqGes wZwb h_ ciYv jvf Kib|

djkwZZ wZwb Qv RxebB wewfbg~j fvlvq weLvZ mvwnZKgiimv^v`bi Rb BsiwR QvovI biIqwRqvb, BUvwjqvb Ges d fvlvwkv Kib, KvePPv i Kib, Bemb Gi AbyKiY GKwU bvUKwjLb Ges AvKwK Dcjw (Epiphany)welqK Awfbe aviYvm^wjZevBkwU wbe iPbv Kib| G wbejv Zvi gZyi ci 1956 mvjMvKvi BwcdvwbR bvg cKvwkZ nq|

Wvewjb BDwbfvwmwU KjR _K wWwM ARbi ci 1902 mvjRBm dv Mgb Kib| cvwim c`vcYi ci wPwKrmvkv AaqbiBQ_vKjI wZwb Zv cwiZvM Kib| Ggb wKZvimyijv Ki YMvqK nevi mLI cq emwQj ejRvbv hvq| Aekl wZwb Zvi

Avi mvwnZPPvi cwiwPZ c_ AbymiYi wmv MnY Kib|cqvRbxq cwZKvj wKQzw`bi gaBZvigvZvi AmyZvi msev`

wZwb Wvewjb cZveZb Kib| `yeQi Aevbi ci 1904 mvj bvov

evYvKj bvgi GK gwnjvK m wbq wZwb cybivq Wvewjb ZvMKib| Kvbic AvbyvwbK weevn QvovB bvov evYvKjK wZwb Rxeb-mwbxKib Ges Zvì Jim `ywU mvb RbMnY Ki|

Wvewjb ZvMi ci Rgm RBm Kvb `kB vqxfve emevmKibwb| b~bZg RxweKvi `vq AvaywbK fvlv wkv`vbi Rb ZvKwkKZv KiZ nqQ| G ckv Zvi wbKU ewPnxb Ges KvwKi

nIqv mI cwieZb Kiv me nqwb| eis G aibi GKNuqwgigaI wbijm mvwnZ mvabvq wZwb gMwQjb, hwÌ Gi MwZ wQj giGes ciYvwenxb| 1907 mvj P^vi wgDwRK bvg GKwU KveMcKvwkZ nq| Zvici wZwb Wvewjb knii Awaevmxì wbq cbiwU


8/96

Mvb wdm 8

M wjLb| Mjv Wvewjbvm bvg MvKvi cKvki Rb wZwbGKRb cKvkKK LyuRZ _vKb|

1912 mvj Wvewjb cZveZbc~eK GKRb cKvkKK mZKivjI kl chwZwb cvzwjwc cvV Ki MwU cKvk A^xKwZ vcbKib| KviY MwUZ vb I Pwii cKZ bvg eenvi Kiv nqwQjGes H mKj jvKRb ZLbI RxweZ wQj| G QvovI Z`vbxb ivRv

mg GWIqvWi PvwiwK `yejZvi K_v DjwLZ wQj| myZivs cKvkKKvb SzuwK wbZ Pvbwb|wK RBm cKvkKi evLvq m nZcvibwb| eis exZk nq wZwb Wvewjb ZvM Kib Ges KLbv

cZveZb bv Kivi Rb gbwi Kib|1914 mvj c_g wekhy i nq| weki BwZnvm eQiwUgvbemfZvi asmhi Akwb msKZ c`vb KijI RBmi RxebwQj wmw jvfi AjwKK eQi (Annus mirabilis)| i nq ZvimvwnZKgi mvbvwj Aavq| Wvewjb _K cZvLvZ Wvewjbvm MMwU meQiB jb _K cKvwkZ nq|

ZviAbZg k Dcbvm Av cvUU Ae ` AvwU GvR AvBqsgvb Ges Zvimek Dcbvm I mvwnZKgBDwjwmm meQiB

wjwLZ nq| c_g wekhy Zvi wbic f~wgKv cvjbi Rb AwjqvmiKvii AbygwZ jvf Kivq wZwb ZLb RywiL emevm KiwQjb GesBDwjwmm Dcbvm jLvq e wQjb| m mgq wZwb Pig A_msKUcob| kl ch Bsjvi wcwf cvm _K Zvi Dk Avw_K

mnvqZv c`vbi eev Kiv nq|

Wvewjbvm M MwU cYqbi Dk mK RBmi wbR^AwfgZwU mevMcwYavbhvMt My intention was to write a chapterof the moral history of my country and I chose Dublin for the scene

because that city seemed to me the centre of paralysis. I have

tried to present it to the indifferent public under four of its aspects:

childhood, adolescence, maturity and public life. The stories are

arranged in this order. I have written it for the most part in a style

of scrupulous meanness.

ZrKvjxb Avqvijvi bwZK Aeqi h am bgwQj ZvicvgvY PvjwP wnme wZwb Mjvi AeZviYv Kib Ges WvewjbK


9/96

Mvb wdm 9

Avqvijvi Av`kbgybv ev Microcosmwnme wbevPb Kib| A_vrWvewjbi wP `kbB Avqvijvi wP mgKic cwZfvZ ne| MYmPZbZv mwi j kke, Kkvi, heb Ges mvgvwRK Rxebiwewfbchvq bvbv aibi AmsMwZ wekfve icvqYi Pv KiQb|AvPvi-AvPiY, ixwZbxwZ, Afw, K^i, evKixwZ BZvw` LyuwUbvwUwelqjv chZviZx wi AMvPi nqwb|

wfvixq Dcbvmi MZvbyMwZK aviv wZwb AbymiY Kibwb| ZvBbwZK Aeq j KiI wZwb bxwZevKi dzjSzwo Qovbwb, wbR^ge (Authorial Comment)mivmwi cKvki Pv Kibwb, Ggb wK

cvVK`i Kvb welq Abyiva Rvbvbwb| G _K Zvi cvVK mKMfxi Avvi cwiPq cvIqv hvq|1914 mvj Av cvUU Ae ` AvwU GvR Av Bqsgvb DcbvmwU

wjwLZ njI 1916 mvj Zv cKvwkZ nq| wdb wWWjvm GDcbvmi K xq Pwi| G Pwii gvagB wZwb Zvi kke _Kheb c`vcY ch mgqKvji wZPviYi cqvm cvb| G cmcLvZ mvwnZ mgvjvPK David Daichesejb, In a Portrait of the

Artist as a Youngman (1916), he transmuted autobiography into

objective fiction and organised his account of a potential novelist

from infancy to the moment when he realised that art implies exile

in such a way as to emphasize at every point the connection

between the artists objective, comprehensive, microcosmic vision

and his inevitable alienation.

wdbi Dci cwievi, cvwZvwbK wkv, hbceYZv GesKv_wjK wekvmi h cfve I cwZwqv cwijwZ nq, m mKJcbvwmKi ^Kxq wfwi cwiPq cvIqv hvq| ciwnZi cwZZvi

A`g AvKlYi KviY wQj Secret Knowledge and Secret Power

A_vr we`v Ges gZv| wK G Zvi wekvm I eveimsNvZ h Dcjw Rb, ZvZ Zvi ciwnZi cwZ gvngyw NU|cyivwnZ Acv wkxRxebZviwbKU MnYhvM weewPZ nq|

RBmgb KiZb, wkxK mgvRi h_v_ic wkvwqZ KiZ njmgvRi mswkZv cwinvi Kiv cqvRb| mgvR evm KiGK aibiwbevwmZ Rxebhvcb KiZ nq, hb wZwb mgvRi evewP wPvqb


10/96

Mvb wdm 10

mecKvi cfvegy _vKZ cvib| G KviYB wZwb cyivwnZ nevievmbv cwiZvM Kib Ges wkxRxebi cwZ AvK nb|

MxK wkx wWWjvm hgb AZvPvix ivRv wgbvm Gi cfve gy nevij Avcb kixi cvwLi gZv Wvbv hy Ki mgy AwZgi PvKiwQjb, wdb Abyicfveq hvIqv Wvewjb Rxeb _K gywic_ A^lY Kib| c_g Lvb knx` wdb Ges c_g wkxwWWjvm

Dfqi bvg hy Ki bvqKi bvg ivLv nq wdb wWWjvm|wbDBqK _K wjUj wiwfD cwKvq RBmi mek mvwnZKg

BDwjwmm DcbvmwU avivevwnKfve cKvwkZ nq| cieZxZ 1922

mvj Zvi PwjkZg RbevwlKx Dcj cvwim _K Zv MvKvicKvwkZ nq| bZzb ^v`i G DcbvmwU cKvki ga w`q Dcbvm

RMZ GK wece mvwaZ nq|BDwjwmm Dcbvmi NUbvi evwKvj gv GKw`bi Ges m

ZvwiLUv wQj 1904 mvji 16 Ryb| mymsefve AvVviwU AavqwjwLZ G Dcbvmi K xq PwiwUWvewjb knii GKRb A` Ges

ALvZ dwiIqvjvbvg wjD

cv eyg|Zvi

mw`bi bMi cwigYim gnvKwe nvgvi weiwPZ AwWwm gnvKvei bvqK MxK exiBDwjwmmi my`xN `k eQievcx mgy gYi Zzjbv Kiv nqQ|BDwjwmm GKvavi cwbjvwci ^vgx, Kvwjcmvi cwgK, `ytmvnmxgYKvix, MnmyL DbyL, Kzkjx hvv, Awf mgiwe`, wePY cwZGgb AbK Yi AwaKvix, A_P wjDcv eyg bvgMvnxb dwiIqvjv

njI RBm Zvi ga BDwjwmmi gZv AbK weqKi Yi mvb

KiQb| eyg GKRb AvBwik Bw`, Wvewjb m GKvavi ^`kx Iwe`kx, mgvRi m`m nqI mgvR _K wbevwmZ, wevbgb A_Pwevb weivax, Mxi bvqK KLbv ev PUzj fuvo| G aibi AyZecixZi mswgkY GKRb c~Yv gvbylic Zvi cKvk NUQ| AwWwmhyMiwPivqZ cwieki m Atmvik~b AvaywbK cwgv mfZviZzjbvg~jK wek wP Dcvcb Kiv nqQ| gvbeRxeb I gvbegbiwewfbchvq AyZ`Zvi mv_ cwiywUZ nqQ| GKRbi GKw`biGKkni msNwUZ NUbvi ga mgM gvbemfZvi cwZdjb NUQ;hv

hyMcrfve weqvMvZK I nvmimvZK, exivwPZ I bMY, wPvKlK Iwbivm|


11/96

Mvb wdm 11

RBm Zvi Dcbvm wjDcv eygK ay BDwjwmmi mB ZzjbvKibwb| wewfb cm cZxKx A_ ZvK weki wewfb LvZbvgvewZi m Zzjbvi cqvm cqQb| G DBwjqvg kcxqiGes Lagi ceZK whi bvg DjLhvM| Dcbvmi Abvb Pwi

weklZ wdb wWWjvm I wjDcv eyg Gi x gwjK AbyicfvemxwgZ cwimi njI weKwkZ Kivi cqvm jYxq| G mKj PwiweKvki wZwb cgvY KiQb G wekmsmvi bMY ejZ wKQzbB,me wKQzB Zvrchc~Y| Avevi Zvrchc~Y ejZ wKQz bB, mewKQzBbMY| Kej wfwi KviYB GgbwU NU|

G cm David Daiches

Gi gewU iY Kiv hZ cvi, To thequestion: What is significant in human experience? Joyce seems

to answer: Nothing, and everything. It all depends on how you look

at it. I shall present a picture of a slice of life so organised that you

will see this: I, as the objective artist standing outside all human

commitments, will be able to show all human history contained in

my one carefully patterned set of events, for the significant is also

the insignificant, the trivial is the heroic, and the familiar the exotic,

and vice versa: it is a matter of point of view, and the artist has all

points of view because he has no point of view.

RbvKxY mgvR emevm mI gvbyl AbK mgq GKvKxZ AbyfeKi| gb nq, m mgvR _K wbevwmZ Rxebhvcb KiQ| G aibiwbtmZv h k~bZvi mw Ki BDwjwmm Dcbvm Zv PZbvcevn Ges

AvZK_bi mvnvh wbcyYfve c~iY Kiv nqQ| wewfb welq wewfbPwii `qi AMj DbvwPZ nqQ| wjDcv eygi wZivgbZvi Pwii c~YZv`vb mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb KiQ| wdbwWWjvmi PwiI Abyicfve AsKb Kiv nqQ| mgvR emevm KivmI m GKRb wbtm gvbyl Ze G aibi wbevmb Zvi wbKUAbwfcZ bq| KviY, GKRb wkxi gZv bewK wfwi YmewKQz cZ Kiv Zvi GKv cZvkv| GLvbB Zvi m eygi

cv_K|BDwjwmm Dcbvm ZrKvjxb mgvjvPK`i wbKU AZvaywbK

cZxKagx mw ej weewPZ Ges cvVKgnj wecyjfve mgv Z nq|


12/96

Mvb wdm 12

wewfb `k wewfb fvlvq DcbvmwU Abyev` Kiv nq| Ggb wK GKabvX ew BDwjwmm Dcbvm cvV gy nq RBmi Avw_K `bZv

jvNei Rb GwMq Avmb| wKQzmsLK my` ez-eveI G mgq ZviDkmnhvwMZvi ncmvwiZ Kib|

1927 mvj RBmi GKwU Kve, cvqgR wcwbL cKvwkZ nq|Ze Kwe wnme wZwb ZZUv mdj bb| Zvi weij cwZfv eisDcbvmi AvwKB ^vQ` jvf KiQ| mvwnZ welq Zvi klcixv-wbixv NU 1939 mvj wdwbMvbR IqK Dcbvm cKvki

gaw`q| Rb wgjUbi cvivWvBR j-Gi mgvivj welqgvbyli

Avw` cvc, cZb Ges gyw|wdwbMvbR IqK-Gi Avw` gvbe nvgd wPgWb BqviDBKvi GesAvw` gvbex Zvi x Avbv wjwfqv cyivej| AZGe mgM gvbeRvwZiAvLvb Ges m AvLvbi cvcU Abvb Mi gZvB AvRb cwiwPZWvewjb kni| wK AcvKZ RwUj G Dcbvmi Dcvcbv|fMwjK vb Ges b`-b`x ch Pwiic AwZ nqQ| BwZnvm,

bZ, hbvPvi Ges agwelq RBmZviRxeb `kb e KiQb|G mg KviY DcbvmwUi ggv`NvUb hZUv `yin ZZvwaK

`yevaZv mw KiQ Zvi fvlvixwZ| RBm ay ZrKvjxb mgvRicPwjZ ixwZbxwZi msvi mvabB cZvkx wQjb bv, fvlvi I

wb _vKbwb| Zvi kl Dcbvm Gi Rj v| Ze Zvi fvlvwelq cixv-wbixv G mvdj ARb mg nqwb| eisZvi AvcvUU Ae ` AvwU GvR Av Bqs gvb Ges BDwjwmm Dcbvm

`ywUi fvlv PgrKvi DrKlZv jvf KiQ|RBm cwZwU jLvi wcQb cPzi gav, kg I mgq eq KiQb| wK

wecex wfwi KviY Kvb jLvB webv cwZeKZvq cKvwkZ nqwb|Kvb cvzwjwc hw` mv`K MnY KiZb, cKvkK Zv cZvLvb

KiZb| cKvkK hw` cKvk KiZb miwkci Kej Zv evwZjnZv| Avqvijvwbwl nj BsjvZv cKvwkZ nZv| Avevi

Bsjv wbwl nj AvgwiKvq Zv mgv Z nZv|

jLbxZ RBm ev`x, kwkvjx I wbfxK njI ew Rxeb kvGes wbixn wQjb| Zvi Rxebi kl w`bjv cvwim AL Aemii

ga w`q AwZevwnZ Kivi Pv Kib| KviY mgM Rxeb iM kixi Ges


13/96

Mvb wdm 13

xY wkw wbq AKv cwikg ZvK fvivv Ki ZzjwQj| wKZLb wZxq wekhyi WvgvWvj wewfb`k eR DVZ i KiwQj|Rvgvb evwnbx dv AvgY Kij RBm myBRvijv Avkq MnYKib| mLvbA AvcPvii dj 1941 mvji 13 Rvbyqvwi Ggnvb JcbvwmKi gnvcqvY NU|

RBmi Rxeb wQj AyZ ecixZi mswgkY| `wi` wQjb wK`vwi i wbKU bwZ ^xKvi Kibwb| Zvi wQj iM kixi wK gbvejwQj Amxg, xY wkw wK Zx cheY gZv| WvewjbiAwaevmx`i cwZ wZwb wQjb exZk wK Mfxifvecgvm| my`xN

cevmRxeb WvewjbK KLbv wZwb fzj hvbwb| Zvi wPv-PZbv wQjWvewjbK xK A_P Zvi wePiY wQj nvgvi _K wgjUb ch mgMwek|

cyivwnZ Rxebi cwZZviAvKlY wQj A_P evei msNvZ NUQweKlY| wekhLb Akwb msKZ,ZviRxeb fm~Pbv| nqZv Ggb bvnj Zvi c wdb wWWjvm, wjDcv eyg Ges BDwjwmmi gZvPwi mw me nZv bv| AvRIZvif cvVKi msLv gvMZ eoBPjQ| weqKi njI mZ 1998 mvj GKcwimsLvb Rvbv hvq,weki k `kwU Dcbvmi ga BDwjwmm I Av cvUU Ae `AvwU GvR Av Bqsgvb vb cqQ| myZivs wbwavq ejv hZcvi, ay BsiwR Dcbvm mvwnZ bq, wek Dcbvm mvwnZI wZwb

KvjRqx cwZfv|


14/96

Mvb wdm 14

Bsjvi ivRv AvjdWiWwbk `gbGfvb b`xi Zxi wPcbvgi evwoZGKMv`v eBqi ga Bsjvi ivRv

AvjdW em AvQb| mgqUv 878mvji 6 Rvbyqvwii mv| BsiRivRvì ga ZvKB c_g eBfwnme cvIqv hvq| evjKvj _KBZvivb-wccvmv wQj A`g| mKvjeBci `~cvcZvi KviY vb-wccvmvwbe Kiv wQj `ytmva| GKUv eB nvZ

cvIqvi A_ wQj GKUv ^YLwb nvZcvIqv|kke AvjdW I Zvi fvBì DkZvì gv GKw`b GKUv

myì AvKlYxq eB `wLq ejb, Zvgvì Pvi hyeivRi ga hc_g coZ wkLe, eBUv Avwg ZvK è|

ejvevj, AvjdW eBUv wRZ wbqwQjb| mKvj aghvRKìga we`vPPv mxwgZ wQj| hyeivRiv jLvcov kLvK Aev KiZb|

AZv hb welY gNi gZv Bsjvi AvKvk XK ivL| AKvihyMi Mvp Agvwbkvi gZv m AZv|

gb nq,mgM `ki ga GKgv AvjdWi vbwccvmv wQj|hLb wZwb mg fvlv wnme jvwUb kLvi Rb D`vMx nb, ZvK mfvlv kLvbvi gZv hvM jvK LuyR cvIqv hvqwb| aghvRKiv agxqeBc covi Rb hUzKz jvwUb RvbZb, AvjdW Zv AbK AvMB

kLb|Zvi j wQj, jvwUb fvlvq hveZxq vbfvvi AvqZKiv Gesm wZwb ^xq cPvq mvdj ARb Kib|wmsnvmb AvivnYi ci AvjdW covbvi mgq Lye Kg cZb|

AwaKvsk mgqZvKWwbkì `gb e_vKZ nZv| cwZeQi Zviv


15/96

Mvb wdm 15

WbgvK _K RvnvRhvM Gm Bsjvi mgy DcK~j eeivwPZAvgYKiZ| ZiY eqmB ZvK G aibi RwUj cwiwwZi myLxbnZ nq| G KvR wZwbZvi gav I `wnK kw mgfve cqvM Kib|e eQi hver wZwb Wwbkì AvgYcwZnZ KiZ _vKb|

GK chvq Wwbk cavb _ivg Iqm ivRi ek wKQy Ask`Lj Kib| wZwb wQjb Wwbkì ga mePq `yal I ayii|Iqmi `LjKZ Aski ga wZwb Mmvi ivRavbx vcb KibGes BsiR ivRi ekZv AMvn Kib|

kxZKvj WwbkivmvaviYZ wekvg I Avgv`-cgv` mgq KvUvZ|

KvbcKvi hyweMn wj nZv bv| ZLb BsiRivI Zvì asmvZKAvgY _K iv cZ| Ggwb GK kxZi ivZ AvjdW wPcbvgievwoZ wPvgMwQjb| Ze m wPv wbqB hy mwKZ bq| KviY,ZLb kxZKvji Rb hy wMZ wQj|

ivRcvmvì evBi Aevb KivqZvim wQj ^msLK wcq eB,KqKRb mvgI wek wKQyAbyPi| wZwb QvovmKjB bvbv aibixov-Djvm g wQj| xjvK ev mvay-mbvmxì gZv ivRvi iwP,

weklZ eBcxwZ wQj ipcKwZi mvgì wbKU Aev I Dcnvmiwelq| Zviv me mgq `wnK exiZc~Y KgKv cQ` KiZ| AekAvjdWi vb-mvabv Zvì wbKU Awcq njI hy& Zvi AmxgexiZI iYbcyY cksmbxq wQj|

AvjdW hLb wPcbvg wPvgM wQjb, Mmvi ZLb PjwQjcvbvrme| cwZc _ivg wewRZ Ajmg~n Zvi Abymvixì ga

ebKib| m mg wewRZ Aj mvbì weZvwoZ Kiv nqQ,nZv Kiv nqQ, bqZv `vmZ eiY eva Kiv nqQ| wbgg I eei

weRZvMY G mg Aj `vv-nvvgv, Drcxob-wbhvZb I myivcvbiDrmei ga w`q kxZKvj AwZevwnZ KiwQj, Avi kxZi AemvbcKwZ hgb emi mvR mwZ nq, Zgwbfve Zviv bZzb D`g

mvb kì wbg~j Kivi Rb emi Acvq wQj|Ggb wK _ivgi I ZvewZg wQj bv| mvbì wei

wbgg cwZkva MnY wZwb wQjb KVvi msKe| KviY Zvi wcZvivMbi wQjb Wwbk `jcwZ| wZwb Bsjv AvgYKvj wbnZ nb|Zvi myhvM cy wnme _ivg GB gg èZv IwWbi kc_ MnYKib h wZwb BsiRì i wcZvi KiY gZyi wZ gyQ wèb|


16/96

Mvb wdm 16

wZwb Gevi gakxZ Kvbic cwZMnYi myhvM bv w`q BsjvSwUKv AvgY Kieb| weklZ AvjdW hfve AiwZ AevqwPcbvg Aevb KiQb, ZvKchy`Kiv KwVb ne bv| Avi ZvKcivKiZ mg njhy Kivi gZv KD _vKe bv| BQ KijGK

AvNvZ Bsjva~wjvr Kiv hve|878 mvji beeli c_g wèm `Lv hvq, Mmvii cwe

cvY _ivgi mk Akvivnx mb `j `j mgeZ nQ| ZvivRvb bv, Kb Zvì GLvb WvKv nqQ| wKQzYi ga mymwZmbvevwnbxi c`fvi Mmvi cKwZ nZ _vK| mKji hys`nx

gbvfve| Zviv RvbZ Pvq, GB gakxZ Zvì WvKvi KviY Kx?_ivg `jcwZì ejb, Avwg Avcbvì hyi Rb WKwQ|cwZv KiwQ, Bsjv kxNB Avgvi KivqZ KiZ ne| GLb

mvbMY wew I wekvgiZ| hy I icvZi K_v Zviv cI aviYvKiZ cvie bv| GLb Avgvì mgq|AvKwK cP AvNvZ nvbZcvijhyi P~ovmgvw NUe Ges GB wPimyì xcivR uvoKvKi

DwQ cwiYZ ne|

_ivgi G DRbvc~Y Avnvb mgeZ Akvivnx mbevwnbxinlvrdzj wPrKvi AvKvk-evZvm cKwZ nq| G wecyj we-efei`k bviKxq nZvh I jyb kl DcXKb wnme WvgBb ev z`

ivR cvwi Avkvq `jcwZivAwej^hyhvvi Rb Aahnq co|mvb ivRv AekB civneb, _ivg ejb, mvbì ga

Kejgv ZvKB Avwg mgxn Kwi| Zvì AbK nvZ AvQ| wKgv_v

H GKUvB| Gmv Avgiv gv_vUvK KZb Kwi, Zvnj nvZjv AviKvR jvMe bv| AvjdW GLb wPcbvg wekvgiZ| mLvbB AvgivmevZK AvNvZ nvbev|

_ivgi mbvevwnbx wQj `| wewfbA-kmymwZ| im`cIcZ| Ze Avi wej^ Kb? wecyj eM Zviv QyUZ _vK AiYi cv

Qyuq mi c_ aiweRq Avi jybi Avkvq|6 Rvbyqvwi| gnvgwZ AvjdW MfxifvewPvgM| nZ cvi, Zvi

PvLi myL wPv D KKvix Dby eBc wZwb wbwe AvQb| nZcvi, Zvi gvbmcU cwZ aghvRKì m iMxi welq wZwbevKvjvc KiQb| nZ cvi, wZwb mvgeMi fvRmfvq ciwnZ


17/96

Mvb wdm 17

KiQb| eZ, Gjv wbQK Kbv| Zvi Rxebi mB mwYGKMv`v eBqi ga em wZwb Kx fvewQjb, Zv Rvbv hvq bv|

nVvr fxZ-m cnix Zxe wPrKvi ivRvi avbf Kib, DVyb,cvwjq hvb, gnvivR! WwbkMY AvmQ! Zviv msLvq AbK, mk I

Akvivnx! DVyb Ges cvwjq hvb...!Zvi K_v kl nZ bv nZB avegvb kmbvì Aki ziawb

kvbv Mj| DvwjZ ekv nvZZviv ZeM QyU AvmQ| mZKnIqvi mgq bB|kxNB Zviv ivRvi evmvb Aeiva Ki ivRvK ew`Kie| wKkì AvMgb-evZv cvIqvq AvjdW ZZvwaK wcZvi

m wbKUeZx AiYi ga AbyPimn AvZMvcb Kib| ci gyn~ZBWwbkivivRvi evmvb Aeiva Ki webv evavq Afi cek Ki|ivRvK bv cq z _ivg fqifve MR IVb, ivRvK avIqv

Kiv| wbqB wZwb ewk`~i hZ cvibwb| GK gyn~Z AvMI wZwbGLvb wQjb| meZ cvkeZx ebi ga wZwb cvwjqQb| ZvKaiv| h ZvK ew`KiZ cvie, ZvK cyiZ Kiv ne|

wKZvì Abymvb e_nq| KviYivRv RvbZb, G Mfxi AiY

Kvb&c_ Mj WwbmMY Zvi nw`m cve bv| `~i _K ivRv AvjdWWwbmì wPrKvi bZ cvb| z nq wZwbI MR IVb, Gmv

Avgiv Iì gvKvejv Kwi| msLvq Kg nZ cvwi, wKAvgivAvgvì gvZf~wg iv_jovB Kie|

m mgq ivRvi m gywgq AbyPiì ga GKRb vbx I cexYmvgwQjb| m m wZwb ejb, bv, bv, Zvnj GUv ne AvZNvZx

wmv| Gic DbZvi mgq GUv bq| Zviv Avgvì Zzjbvq msLvqkZY AwaK| G Amg hy Zvì gvKvejv Kivi wmvKvbgBmgxPxb bq| Avgiv eis wej^ bv Ki AvZMvcb Kwi| cieZxZmyhvM eyS Zvì m hy Kiv hve| weklZ Avgvì ivRv hZYgy AvQb, Avgvì Kvb wZ ne bv| Mmvi cybivi AvgivivRvK meZvfve mnvqZv Kie|

AvjdW Z G civgki Zvrch Abyaveb mg nb| mgqK

A^xKvi Kiv hve bv| G gyn~Z Wwbkì AvgY cwZiva KiZMj wbwZfve mekv nZ ne| eis myhvMi Acvq _vKjmyhvM wgjZ cvi| wZwbwek cexY GB mvgi cwZ weklfvecxZ nq ejb, Avcwb mgqvwPZ civgkI mvbv w`qQb| G gyn~Z


19/96

Mvb wdm 19

bvg Gw_wj| Qv xc| PZzw K Lvji gZv Mfxi RjvkqewZ|AwZg Kiv Kmva| AvjdW G xcwU Zvi Dchy vbwnmewbevwPZ Kib| wKGLvb cuQI wZwb Qek ZvM Kibwb| wZwbAvZB _vKZ Pvb|

KqK gvm ivRv G xc Aevb Kib| jvKvjq _K GKwU`~ieZx vb GKRb jvK Ki PovZ| mB ivLvji KzwUi wZwb AvkqMnY Kib| ivRvi cKZ cwiPq ivLvj vZ wQj wKbv Rvbv hvq bv|

wK Zvi x h ivRvi cwiPq gvUB RvbZ bv, Zv GKwU Qv NUbv_K Rvbv hvq|

GKw`b ivRv AvjdW Dbybi cvk em Zxi-abyK bvovPvovKiwQjb Avi gb gb fvewQjb, Bsjv _K Kxfve I KLbWwbkì weZvwoZ Kiv hvq| Aciw`K ivLvji x Dbyb iwU muKZ

ewQj|nVvr ivLvji xi KqK wgwbUi Rb evBi hvIqvi cqvRb nq|

hvIqvi mgq ivRvK ej hvq, jivLe hb iwU cyo bv hvq| ivRvejb, Kvb wPv bB, Avwg `Le|

ivLvji x wdi Gm `LZ cvq, mg Ni cvov iwUi auvqvqAvQb| Gw`K ivRv Mfxifve wPvgM|

ivLvji x z K ej, Avwg ZvgvK j ivLZ ejwQjvghb iwU cyo bv hvq| Ajm KzKzi! PvLi mvgb iwU cyoQ,Avi Zzwg

wK bv `LZ cvQv bv!ivRv Gi Reve Kx ejwQjb Rvbv hvq bv| Ze ivLvji xK

Zvì G AvZfvjv AwZw_i Rb h cybivq iwU muKZ nqwQj, ZvmnRB Abygvb Kiv hvq|_ivgi cavb Dk wQj, wPcbvg AvgY Ki ivRvK ew`

Kiv| wK Zvi m Dk c~iY nqwb| Ze Zvi Abvb cwiKbvievevqb Avkvbyicfve mdj nq| `v cZvc WwbkAkvivnxevwnbx WvimU, evKkvqvi, Dj&U&m I nvkvqvii Awaevmxì ekZv^xKvi eva Ki|

`kwUZ ZLb RbemwZ AZ cvZjv wQj| ivRvi cwiYwZ IeZgvb Aev mKKD AewnZ wQj bv|GgZvevq Wwbkì cwZnZ Kivi A_ wQj asm WK Avbv|

myZivs AvcvZZ eei Wwbkì wbKU bwZ ^xKvi Ki Rxeb I m`


20/96

Mvb wdm 20

hZUzKz iv Kiv hvq, ZvB Zviv Dg weePbv Ki| KejmgvimUkvqvii wek wKQy hvv bwZ ^xKvi bv Ki mk AevqMfxi AiY AvZMvcb Ki| fwelr cwZivai Avkvq Zviv IurcZ _vK|

AvjdWi MwZwewa mK _ivg Kvb nw`m cvbwb| wK ZvBej wZwb nvjQvobwb| Abymvb AevnZ _vK| Aciw`K AZwekvmx wKQy cRv axi axi RvbZ cvi, Zvì wcq ivRvRjvf~wgewZ Gw_wj xc Aevb KiQb| BZvga Zvi mwKQymsLK exi hvv hvM`vb KiQ|

axi axiG Lei QovZ _vK| ivRvi kwI ew cZ _vK|Zvimbvevwnbxi im`c NvUwZ `Lv `q| Mwijv hyi Kvq`vq wZwbjywKq _K z z Wwbk mbv`ji Dci AZwKZ AvgYcwiPvjbv Kichy`KiZ _vKb Ges Zvì im`c msMn KiZ_vKb| im`ci msKU Zxe AvKvi aviY Kij wZwb wbicvq nq

wbKUeZx jvKvjq mbv`j ciY KiZb|gv^q mgM mvb AaywlZ GjvKvq LeiwU Qwoq co| `j

`j mvb hvvivRvi kw ew KiZ _vK| Wwbkì DciAvjdWi AZwKZnvgjvi msLvI evoZ _vK|_ivg-evwnbx cgv`MY| AvmbCvi Wi gaB P~ovAvgYi Rb ivRv cwZ MnY

KiZ _vKb|xc _K Rjvkqi ebx AwZgi Rb GKwU enr KvVi mZz

wbgvY Kiv nq| GZ PjvPji myweav nq| hy cwiPvjbvi Rb mZzwUi

AZcqvRb wQj| ZvB iZc~Y G mZzwU

iv_ mZzi Aci cvGKwU `yM wbgvY Kiv nq| mLvb GK`j PKm mbv gvZvqb ivLvnq hb WwbkMY KvbgB mZzwUi wZmvab KiZ bv cvi|

878 mvji emB gv wZb gvmi eeavb ivRv AvjdWMmvi I msjM wKQy GjvKv eZxZ mgM Di Bsjv cybivi

mg nb| ZLbvZviivRavbx mB Mfxi RjvkqewZ xc Gw_wjwQj|

mgvimUkvqvi hLb Abyic Aev weivRgvb, IqjmbZzbfvehyi WvgvWvj eR IV| ivMbii Aci cy Dey wekvjmbvevwnbxmn Zvi fvB _ivgi m hvM`vbi Dk Iqjmi


21/96

Mvb wdm 21

Afi ceki Rb hvv Kib| Avi GRb mKj cwZ Zvi wQj|myLmgi ZvigvKvejv Kiv mvbì Rb `ytmva wQj|

Deyi `yal mbvevwnbxK cwZivai Rb mvbexi IWyb AvcvYPv Kib| wK cwZwZvq ci DVwQjb bv| ZvK cv`cmiY

KiZ nq| GK chvq wZwb Zvi wKb_i ivRcvmv` Aevb MnYKib Ges eo eo cv_i mvwRq cvPxi Zwi Ki Wwbkì cwZivaKivi Pv Kib|

djDey cvmv`wU Aeiva Kib| wKAfi cek Kiv KmvaweePbv Ki wZwb Aeivamn Aevbi wmv MnY Kib| wZwb

Dcjw Kib, IWybi mxwgZ im`c `Z dzwiq hve Ges wZwbAvZmgcY eva neb| myZivs wZwb mLvb Zuvey wbgvY Ki AevbKiZ _vKb|

Deyi Dcjw wecixZ dj cme KiwQj| Aei kmbviim`c mieivn cwZeKZv mw Kiv SuywKc~Y| KviY, nZvkv AbKkw Imvnm hvMvq| hw` Zviv gwiqv nq mekw wbqvM Ki,cwiwwZ e`j hZ cvi| Zgwbfve GKw`b cZyl IWyb gwiqv nq

`jejmn AeivaKvix Deyi mbvevwnbxi Dci AZwKZ zavZ wmsnibvq Suvwcq cob|

wKQyeyS IVvi c~eB Wwbm `jcwZ Deymn GK nvRvi `yk mbiAwaKvskB wbnZ nq| Aewk mb AvZ cvwjq hvq| gyn~Zi gaWwbkì ZuveyZ msiwZ hveZxq im`c IWybi nMZ nq| Avi GcivRqi ga w`q Bsjv _K Wwbkì we`vqNUv eR IV|

mgM Bsjv Ryomvbì weRq

-i_ Ggw bfve QyUZ _vK|Wwbkì weZviYi Dbv`bvq RbMY gZ IV| wewfb vb _K

Lhyi weRqevZv AvmZ _vK| ivRv AvjdW mme evZv keYAvkvw^Z nb| wZwb Dcjw Kib, P~ov AvgYi gvn YmgvMZ|

cwZw`b mvb-Gi mbvmsLv wecyj nvi ew cZ _vK| RbMYbe Dxcbvq Dx| Gw_wj nZ mg wekvmx mvgì wbKU

ivR`~Z ciY Kiv nq| Cvi Wi mg wèm Zvì m`jejmjDW AiYi c~ecvGMevUivRvi m wgwjZ nevi wb k c`vbKiv nq|


22/96

Mvb wdm 22

_ivgI wb wQjb bv| mgvimUkvqvii gavj gvMZKqKwU Lhy civRqi ci wZwb ivRKxq mbvevwnbxi AevbmK Av`vR KiZ mg nb| G gyn~ZB mevZK AvNvZ nvbZne| Ab_v mvb mbvevwnbx msMwVZ Ki AvjdW myLmgiAeZxY neb| dj Zvi gakxZ Bsjv AvgYi mvdj bmvrne| BZZ wew Wwbk`jcwZì m`jej wZwb GKwZ nqP~ovAvgYi Rb Z evZv ciY Kib|

mvbì GKwZ nevi w`bY wbavwiZ wQj| wKkì AevbI msLv ZLbv Rvbv hvqwb| G KvR ^qs ivRv AvjdW D`vM MnY

Kib| ivgvKi m AwfZv| wek I wbfihvM jvK cvIqvhvwQj bv| ZvB wZwb wbRB WwbkKv cek Kivi Rb msKKib| wZwb ^P `LZ Pvb, k`~MKZUv myiwZ Ges Kxfve IKZRb mb Aevb MnY KiQ| KviY, hyi Rb G mg Z_mwVKfve msMn Kiv iZc~Y|

AvjdW Qek aviY Kib| Zvi cKZ Pnviv kì wbKUcwiwPZ wQj bv| wZwb wQjb ` exYvev`K| RvKvi cKwZi

jvKRbi mKvj Kì wQj| Zviv `jgZi Da wQj Ges hKvbvb BQ gZv Pjvdiv KiZ cviZ| kwg f`vf` wQj bv|

ivRv ixwZgZ Wwbk cvkvK ci exYv nvZ ` RvKvii gZvWwbkì Kv cek Kib| Zvi AvMgb Wwbm mbiv Avbw`Z

nq| Zviv hgb hyweMn cQ` KiZ, Zgwb hyweMn mwKZ mxZcQ` KiZ|

Qewk ivRv Wwbmì exiZMuv_v Mq kvbvjb| _ivg IAbvb `jcwZ Zvi AvMgbi Lei cq ZvK cavb Kv hvevi RbWK cvVvb| mLvb Zviv mKjB Avmb hy wbRì mve Rqi

Avkvq Drdzj| AvjdW mLvb DcwZ nb| mgNYv I va _KwZwb wbRK mshZ ivLb|

Zvici WbgvKi cvPxbKvji cLvZ RvZxq exiì gwngvKxZbKiwZwb MvBZ i Kib| DcwZ mKjB Avb`Zvi Mvbi m

Zvj VyKZ _vKb| gv^q wZwb cP DRbv mwKvix iYmsMxZMvBZ _vKb| mKjB Avb`-Dbv`bv cKvk Kib| mB myhvM wZwbmbì kwY-webvm, msLv I Aevb mKGKwU ^Q aviYv jvfKib Ges kì gbvib kl mLvb _K cZveZb Kib|


23/96

Mvb wdm 23

BZvga mvb mbiv GKwZ nZ i Ki| wbw w`b ivRvIDcwZ nb| mLvb nvkvqvi, Dj&U&kvqvi, Wfvbkvqvi ImgvimUkvqvi _K AvMZ mvgI mbvevwnbx DcwZ nq| Ggb wKAbvb `k _KI wKQy wKQy mbmvgAvm| mKjB Bsjvi GcybRvMiY Avbw`Z| iY Zvì wcq ivRvK `L Zviv gygy

nlawbZAiY cKwZ KiZ _vK| mKjB hb Avmb hyi weRqmKmywbwr|

wbavwiZ w`bi c~e ivwZB Kv wZjaviYi VuvB wQj bv| cZylAvjdW AiYi cv BMwjqvi Dby cvi Zvì mgeZ Kib|

cvii myLB wQj Mfxi Rjvkq Avi cvZ AiY| mLvb mywekvjKv vcb Kiv nq| ivZi ejv cvi GK`j mb cnix wnmegvZvqb ivLv nq|

ciw`b ivRv Zvi mbevwnbxK bvbvwea A-k mymwZ nqhyi Rb kwYe nZ wb k `b| Aciw`K eei Wwbmiv wecyjweg AMmi nZ _vK| GK chvq Dfq mbevwnbx fqifve GKAbi Dci Suvwcq co| cjqix hy i nq| mbì vi

AvKvk-evZvm cKwZ nZ _vK| Zxi, ekv, Zievwi, KyVvi, M`vBZvw` A-kGK Acii Dci wbc KiZ _vK|

fqi m hy K Kgb exiZ c`kb KiwQj, Zvì miYbcyYi K_v A_ev exiZ-Mv_v nvgvii gZv Kvb gnvKwe iPbvKibwb| Avi ZvB Rvbv hvq bv Zvi wevwiZ weeiY| ayRvbv hvq,Wwbkiv ecivqv exiZ c`kb KiQ| Avi BsiRì ga wQj

cwZkvanv, `vmZ eiYi AvZ, ^vaxbZvi AvKvv Ges wbLv`

`kcg| AZGe Dfq h giYcY jovB KiQ, ZvZ we`ygvm`ni AeKvk bB|

Aekl Zhi wei `kcg Rqhy nq| Wwbkiv civwRZnq| Zvì wecyj cvYnvwb NU| wKQymsLK AvnZ I e`x nq GesevKxiv cvwjq hvq| Kej _ivg ZLbvZviKv wbivc` Aevb_vKb| KvwU AcvKZ `yf` gb nq| wKivRv c~eB Qek

aviY Ki mB Kvi mKj Z_ msMn Kib Ges Z`bymvi KvwUc_gAeiva I Zvici myhvMgZv AvgYi cwiKbv Kib, hbGKRb WwbkI mLvb _K cvjvZ bv cvi|


24/96

Mvb wdm 24

AvjdWi mbmsLv gvMZ ew cvwQj| Aciw`K _ivgnZvkvM nb| im`-ci Zxe msKU `Lv `q| cwivY cvIqv wQjAme| BsiRì PvL duvwK w`q GKUv cvwLiIk KvhvZvqvZi myhvM wQj bv| cKvj AwZevwnZ nevi c~eB _ivgcivRq ^xKvi eva nb| Gfvefqi G hyi cwimgvw NU Ges

Bsjv Wwbkì AZvPvi _K iv cvq|weRqjvfi gyn~Z AvjdW gnvbyfeZvi cwiPq `b| wZwb

Wwbkì _vKvi Rb wbw mxgviLv wbaviY Kib, wVK hfve gvbylRvnvR AevbKi| mxgv jNbi myhvM bB| kiYv_xì gZv

Zvì Rxebhvcbi AwaKvi `qv nq| Avi GKwU kZ `qv nq,Zvnjv Zvì `jcwZ _ivg I Zvi Abymvixì cwjKZv wemRbw`q wLvb nZ ne|

Wwbk `jcwZiv kZjv ^xKvi Ki bq| Gw_jwbi wbKU AevibvgK vb hy mgvwi KqK mvn ciB _ivg I Zvi 30 Rb`jcwZ wLag `xwZ nb| _ivgi cwjK bvgi m mvbbvg G_jvb hy nq| AvjdW G Abyvb DcwZ _vKb|

kZvbymvi _ivgZviAbymvixì m ivRvi `qvvb emevm KiZ_vKb| wZwb Avi KLbv kZv Kibwb|

IqWgvi ivRv AvjdWi m Wwbkì mwi dj `wYBsjv cKZc Wwbkgy nq| Iqm-Gi DcKzj gvS gvS`yGKwU wewQbNUbv NUjI Zv Zgb DjLhvM bq| 894 wLvGKkZ RvnvRi GKwU beni G Aj AvgYKijI Zviv

kvPbxq civRq eiY Ki| Gici _K ivRv AvjdW covbvqgbvwbek Kivi AeKvk cvb| ayZvB bq, wZwb cRvì wkvi Rbdvi kvwjgbiAv`j we`vjq vcb Kib| wK Zv AKvjiga wejy nq| gnvb G ivRv 901 wLv gZyeiY Kib|


25/96

Mvb wdm 25

BsiwR Mì gweKvk dvwm

eKbi Ae`vbBsiwR fvlvi cwZ dvwm eKbi(1561-1626) eo GKUv kveva wQj

bv| KviY, wZwb gb KiZb, G mgAvaywbK fvlv GKmgq Dchy MiAfve `Dwjqv nq coe| ZvB jvwUbwQj Zvi GKgv wcq fvlv| A_P mBdvwm eKb BsiwR fvlvq h Ae`vbiLQb, Zv wbtm`n AweiYxq|

RbK mgvjvPK G cm ejQb,BsiwR Mì AMhvvq Kvi I eKbi

Ae`vb h_v_B gvBj djK|hLb Abycvm, weivavjvi I Dcgvi AvwZkh BsiwR MìxwZgZ

fvivv, DwjwLZ cwZqewjfve cgvY KiQb, G fvlvZI^vQ` KvjvwZg DuPzgvbi mvwnZ wbgvY Kiv me| Ggb wK myfveavivI mvRvmywR GKK evK cKvk Kiv hvq| cqvRbeva gvKqKwU k evcK A_evbv mw Kiv hvq|

eKb Zvi k M GmBR Gi cejv wbLyuZ AjvimykvwfZ KiQb| Zvi iPbvkjx bgbxq Ges AvaywbK bv njI weklfve cKvk ewjZv I A_evbvi Rb AZzjbxq| AwaKvsk BsiwR

M` mvwnZ hLb AwZ`xN I wkw_j evKwebvm iwPZ nwQj, wZwbZLb msw I AvuUmvU evK webvm ixwZgZ PgK mw Kib| wZwbmgmvgwqKì cvwZmyjf wPKi evj eRb Kib| KviY mwVKAjvi eenvii gvag Kxfve ^xq fveavivi myPviic cKvkNUvbv hvq, Zv wZwb fvj KiB RvbZb| A_P eb Rbmb GcwiwwZZ A_vr m~YwbivfiY M` iPbv Kib|

Aciw`K eKbi fvlv mKji wbKU mgvbfve MnYhvM I

DrmvneK| AvaywbK jLK Ggvmbi mv_ eKbK Zzjbv Kiv hvq|Zvì Dfqi fvlv cqvMixwZ cvq GKB avuPi| GKMv`v ZxAvcvZAmsjM evKwebvm, A_P cePbagx G evKjvi mvnvhB ZvivcvVKi Ai VvuB wbZ Pv KiQb| wmWwb, wjwj, Gvmvg cgyL


26/96

Mvb wdm 26

eKbi c~em~ixì j Kij cZxqgvb nq h, wZwb Zvì AwZK_bixwZ _K wbRK KZ `~i mwiq ivLb|

mgmvgwqKì AbKKB wZwb h_v_AjiY, kwZgvayhBZvw`Z

AwZg KiZ mg nqQb| Ggb wK ^Q, msw I mnReva fvlvcqvMi eb Rbmb eZxZ Zvi Rywo wQj bv| AvRI Zvicejv msw I cvj Mì PgrKvi wb`kbic mgv Z| cLvZ

mgvjvPK nvd IqvKvi BsiwR M` eKbi Ae`vb mK geKib, BsiwR MìxwZi weeZb eKb AbZg `xN AbwZgc`c MnY KiwQjb|

djkwZZ, BsiwR M` nq IV mg I jvwjZgq| cmZ,Kvi I Avj Mì weeZb avivq cf~Z Ae`vb iLQb| wKzZvìMìxwZ h_ Mvxhc~Y I kwkvjx nIqv mI eKbi MìxwZi

gZv me aibi fve cKvki Rb DchvMx wQj bv| eis Zv iMxifve I welq cKvki evnb njI AbKB FlfKi gZv bximI wbvY gb nZv| mgqi m welqi mwZ iv nZv bv|

AwZ`xNevKi eenvi wQj Gi AbZg wU| dj, AbK kwkvjx

jLKì iPbvI cvVKi wbKU `yeva I KvwKi gb nZv|Ggb wK eKbiI wKQz wKQz iMxi Ges gnr iPbvq G aibiMìxwZi cqvM NUQ| wKz cejvZ Zvi ^KxqZv Ges gavi

DrKlZv cKvk cqQ| wVK hb cqvRbi LvwZi cwiKbv gvwdKevKjv msw I cvj| eKbi ce cvV KiZ nq gi MwZZ,hb fveevi h_ mgq _vK| KviY,Zvi cKvkixwZ h `yeva Zv bq,

eis AwZ msw A_P Mfxi fveevK| KLbv KLbv evKwebvm

evKiYMZ wUi KviY wkw_j gb njI AZv bB|eKbi GB beixwZ evwoZ, evMvb, cwgKi K wKv KvbAbyvb h Kvb h Kvb fve cKvki DchvMx evnbicmgv Z nq| eKbi mvnvh, msc ejZ nq, BsiwR MìmePq eo wU mskvwaZ nq| lvok kZvxi kl `kK chAviKD Abyev` eZxZ M` Gic DjLhvM Ae`vb ivLZ mgnbwb|cejvZ eKb MìxwZi h ^KxqZv mw Kib, Zvi

AbZg ewk njv msw A_P Zx ebvc~Y evKi ^ZtZcqvM|AyZ `Zvej eKb GKUv enr fveKI gv KqKwU k e

Kib, hv cKvk KiZ mvaviY gvbi jLKì AZ KqKwU evKi


27/96

Mvb wdm 27

cqvRb nZv| Zvi AbK evKB cePbagx| cev` evKi gZBmjv cwiwwZ gvwdK AvIovbv hvq| hgb- He that hath wife andchildren hath given hostages to fortune. (Of Marriage and Single

Life),hvi x I mvb AvQ, m fvMi wbKU wRx| For in evil, thebest condition is not to will, the second not to can . (Of Great

Place), gì ga Dg cwiwwZ njv, g` wKQzKivi BQv bv Kiv,wZxqZ g` wKQzKiZ bv cviv| Those that want friends to openthemselves into are cannibals of their hearts. (Of Friendship),

hviv Zvì eyì DbvwPZ n`q `LZ Pvq, ZvivZvì eyìn`q fK| Some books are to be tasted, others to beswallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. (Of

Studies),wKQzeBqi ^v` wbZ ne, wKQzMjaKiY KiZ ne, Avigv wKQzwPweq nRg KiZ ne| A mixture of a lie doth ever addpleasure. (Of Truth), GKwU gv wg_vi wgkY KLbv KLbv Avb`chy nq|

cePbvZK evKixwZi KviY cvewK wnme eKb LvwZi kxl

AvivnYKib| msw GB evKjv Zvi cei GKK kw GesMvxhi cwiPq enb Ki| AwZK_b, mshvRK Aeq I AjviigvvwZwi eenvi wbyifve eRb Kivi dj msc fve cKvkiGB ixwZ Zvi c AvqZKiv me nq| Zez Zvi fvlvq `yevaZv hGKeviB bB, Zv wKznjd Ki ejv hve bv| myLi welq, `~evaZv_vKjI Zv AwZ bMY|

eKbi iPbvkjxi AviKwU iZc~YewknQ, Ajvii h_v_

cqvM| Ae Uz_ ce Gi cK D`vniY| Zvi fve cKvki Rb cPziicK I Dcgvi mv_K cqvM wZwb ixwZgZ `Zv `wLqQb| hgb,mZK wZwb Zzjbv KiQb Dj wèvjvKi m, hLb Kvb igA_ev weRq Drme Zvi AaKI AvKlYxq gb nq bv, hZUv cwZfvZnq gvgi Avjvq| Avi wg_vK wZwb Zzjbv KiQb, Lv` ev kiavZzi m, h Lv` mvbv-icvi m wgwkZ Kiv hvq| GZ g~jevbavZz jvK AwaKZi Kgg Ki, hwÌ mjvi g~j Kwgq `q|

G aibi Aviv GKUv myì v, gvbyli gb hw` `vbi RbevKzj nZv, Zvnj Mxq ckvwGes mZ Zvi wfwf~wg nZv| AegviR G wmj jvBd ce wZwb ejQb, wKQz jvK ^vaxbZvig~j GZ ewk gb Ki h wbRì cwiwnZ Kvgiebx I


28/96

Mvb wdm 28

gvRvjvKI kLjic fe _vK| wZwb cyivwnZ cm geKiQb, `vbi viv f~wgZ Rj wmb me bq, hw` c_gB ZvK Lvjc~Y KiZ nq| Ae dwkc ceI Zvi Ajvic~Y fvlvi cqvM

`Lv hvq| RbZv KLbv ey bq, Zvì gyLjv wbQK Qwei GvjevgI K_vevZv wbQK KiZvji UzsUvs k, cKZ fvjevmv bB| G mgevKjv hgb cePbagx Zgwb h_vh_ Ajvi mykvwfZ|

eKbi wbLyuZDcgv cqvMi Aviv `vÌqv hZ cvi, hgbwcqRb Qvov cw_ex GKwU ebf~wg| h ew Avgvì Ai IcwiwwZi mv_ cwiwPZ bq, Zvi Dc`k nQ ivMi mv_ AcwiwPZ

wPwKrmKi eevci gZv| eyZi kl dj e`vbvi gZv AbK

`vbvq c~Y| GKRb ey cikgwYZzj, cwZKjZv mI m gjKvgx|Ae vwWR ce wZwb PgrKvi Dcgv evenvi KiQb| cwiQb eBwbgj Rji gZv|

eKbi cejv fve`vZK I DwZej| ek wKQz msLKDwZ jvwUb _KI GmQ| Avi G mg DjL I DwZ ZvicvwZi cwiPvqK| Ae Uz_ ce wZwb wcjBU I jywmqvbi DjL

KiQb Ges wjDwmqvm I KuZi DwZ eenvi KiQb| G mgDjL I DwZ Zvi ceK hgb mg KiQ Zgwb cvVKi wbKUwPvKlK nqQ| Ae gviR G wmj jvBd-G BDwjwmmi DjLGes cvPxb `vkwbK _BjRi DwZ iqQ| Ae MBU cBm-G

UvwmUvm cvmev I Wmcvwmqvbi DjL iqQ|Ae dwkc G aibi e vmnwZwb cgvY KiQb, Ggb wK

hviv gnr ew, hvì kwkvjx I pAi AvQ, ZvìI eyicqvRb hvì wbKU Zvì gbi `yqvi Lyj w`Z cvi| G ce

AbK `vkwbKi DjL iqQ| Zvi DwZ cxwZiI wb`kb GLvb

cvIhv hvq| wZwb AvwivUj, Kwgwbqvm, _wgvwKm, wnivwKUvmcg~L gwblxì DwZ eenvi KiQb| GZ gb nq, G aibinvRviv DjL I DwZ Zvi nvZi KvQB _vKZ, Avi Gjv eyZZvi iPbvK MvxhI cvwZc~YKiZ h_ mnvqZv KiQ|

DjwLZ AvjvPbvi cvcU G K_v wbwavq cwYavbhvM h,BsiwR fvlv I mvwnZ eZgvb mywekvj gnxinZ cwiYZ nqQ, Zvicv_wgK cwiPhvi j h mxwgZ msLK gbxlx Rj wmb Kib, wewP

cwZfvai dvwm eKb Zvì cyivav|


29/96

Mvb wdm 29

HwZnvwmK cvcU GvUwb I

wKIcUvi cgMZ `ynvRvi eQii gvbeBwZnvm mePq weLvZ GvUwbI wKIcUvi cYq Kvwnbx|cvwK I MvwdK AvUm G

Kvwnbxi Drm AwZ AvQ|

AmsL Kwe I jLK G Kvwnbxwewfbfve eYbv KiQb| AvRvGi Ave`b GZUzKzyYnqwb|

G Kvwnbxi cKwZ GKevi AmvaviY| bvixcg AbKB ewMZLvwZ I cwZcw nvwiq wbt^ nqQb| eiY ivRbeMZvì cRvì

wbKU NwYZ nqQb| wKzG mKj we-efe I cwZcw Zvì cgiAivq NUvZ cviwb| cvbji gZv kv wZwa bZvI GK AwZmvaviY bvixi Yvqx fvjevmvq cwZcwc~Y ivRZ I Zvi `jKnvwiqQb| wKzGvUwb I wKIcUvi `Lv hvq, GvUwb Kejcf~Z mvb I ivRZB wemRb `bwb, Zvi PqI AbK wKQz, cvw_e

AwZ GKRb bvixi BQvq mgcY Kib| G KviY Abvb KvwnbxigZv GKRb ivgvb Uvqvwi I wgkii ivbxi G cYq DcvLvbmvaviYfve ewYZ nqwb|

Zvì AvZvrmMGZ AveMc~Y,AvKwK I cwic~Yh, G RvZxqmKj KvwnbxK Zv AwZg Ki| G Kvwnbx gnvKwe kwcqiKIAwff~Z KiQ| G Kvwnbx Aej^b iPbv KiQb Zvi weLvZ bvUKGvUwb G wKIcUv | Kwe WvBWbI G DcvLvbK Zvi AbZg k

bvUKi Kvwnbx wbevPb Kib Ges Gi bvg ivLb, Aj dijvf A_vrmeB fvjevmvi Rb|

AmsL ivgvKi HwZnvwmK Kvwnbx wbLv` cgi RqMvb DPwKZbq, eis AwaKvskB gZvi cwZ gvnmvZ weavq eMcYZv cLvZBZvjxq HwZnvwmK mvBbi diiv mjv eRb Kib| Zvi wbKU GmgKvwnbx Kej gZv wjv I bvixi ^v_ciZvqcwic~Y| diivi


30/96

Mvb wdm 30

G welqwU gv_vq iLB eZgvb Kvwnbxi g~jvqb Kiv nqQ| MZ`ynvRvi eQi aiB wK gvbyl GKwU AveMi cwZ A wQj?

h_ kgmva njI mvBbi diiv Mjv _K KvwbK AbKDcv`vb eRb KiZ wav Kibwb| G Mjvi gvag wZwb hgbAvgv`i wbqQb cgi RqMvb, mB m `wLqQb ADPvKvvi KiY cwiYwZ| Zvi wbcyY n Gjv GK GKwUwelv`vZK bvUic jvf KiQ| mZ KviY ckAvm, DwbkkZ eQiaiB wK G wek A AveMvQb wQj? hviv G AmvaviY NUbv eYbv

KiQb, Ggb wK hviv wbweofve NUbvwU cheY KiQb, ZvivI wK

wevnqQb?ck jvi Di Abymvbi c~e AekB weePbvq AvbZ nec_gZ vb, hLvb NUbvwU msNwUZ nqwQj| wZxqZ, `ywU cavb

Pwii gbvwK w`K, hv my`xNKvj hveZ A`g AveMi DQvmiccwiMwYZ nq AvmQ|

NUbvi kcUi w`K ZvKvj cZxqgvb nq, Z`vbxb wgki eZgvbwgkwiq`i gZv gvbwmKZvmb gbyl AaywlZ wQj bv| Zviv eisgb-cvY wMK wQj| wKIcUv wbRI RbMZfvewMKwQjb| gnvexiAvjKRvvii gZzi ci ^Z ivR wnme wgki mvgvRi DeNU|

AvjKRvvi wbRB Z`vbxb wMK I ivgvb RMZi kZgbMixZ wZwb ivRavbx vcb Kib Ges wbRi bvgvbymvi ivRavbxibvg ivLb AvjKRvw qv| ^n wZwb ivRavbxi mxgvbvI wbaviY

Kib| Ggb wK wZwb NvlYv Kib h GUvB ne mgMweki ivRavbx|Kvb ivRvi Av`k ivRavbxi wekvjZcwZwZ nq bv| wKzwZwb ZxA w I ClYxq gavi mvnvh Dcjw Kib, AvjKRvw qvq GKwUk evwYwRK m`vq emevm Kie hviv hyM hyM ai mgM wekcvavb wevi Kie| Zvi G Dcjw mwVK wQj| cieZx GKkZ eQi`Lv hvq, wgkii G bZzb ivRavbx wekevwYR GKevi myL mvwiZ

DcbxZ nq| mB m wk-KjvZI wekgq LvwZ ARb KiAcwZiva MwZZ|

AvjKRvw qvi fMvwjK Aevb mgMf~ga Aji evwYRK cwiYZ nZ mnvqK f~wgKv cvjb Ki| bxjb` AwZg KijB


31/96

Mvb wdm 31

AvwdKvi Adzi cvKwZK mì nvZQvwb| `~icvPi mìvwkIAvmZ wecyj cwigvY| Pxb _K ikg I fviZ _K gkjv I gyvAvg`vwb Kiv nZv| AviI wewfb `k _K AvmZ AXj mvbv Iicv| c~e Gwkqv Ges cwg b, Mj GgbwK weUb _K me`ki RvnvRAvjKRvw qvi eì bvi KiZ|

gv mZi eQi eqm wKIcUv jvwaK RbmsLvmg wgkimvgvRi wmsnvmb ivbx wnme AwawZ nb| hwÌ AwaK cwigvY Avivc Kiv nZv bv, AvjKRvw qv eìi ZLb evwlK Avq wQjeZgvb wnme wk wgwjqb Wjvii AwaK| hviv wMK wnme cwiwPZ

wQj, Zvì Aevb wQj mew`K w`q mgvRi kxl| Zviv wQjixwZgZv Dvg I fvMwejvwm| `vwg Pkgv civ, Nvoò Ask bqv,Ryqv Ljv I evwfPvi wQj Zvì cvZvwnK Rxebi Abyl|

bmwMK m`h AvjKRvw qv AZwPvKlK wQj| mycwimi `ywUcavb moK wQj bMixi Gcv _K Icv| wekvj eivwRi mykxZj

Qvqvq ewZ wQj moKjv| G QvovI wQj wb`b ewPgqcyivwRi mgvnvi| gvS gvS Pjv Sibvaviv eq hZ| eg~jevb

gvej cv_iSibvi wUKmQ cvwbZ nxiKLi gZv Rj Rj KiZ|bMixi GK cgvsk GjvKv ivRcwievii Rb wbavwiZ wQj| Gi

ga wQj gZvmxb ivRvi ivRcvmv`, myenr Rv`yNi I BwZnvmLvZMvMvi| cieZxZ AviexqMY MvMviwU cywoq `q| G QvovI

ewPgq Dw` mymwZ wQj AmsL D`vb I evMvb| G mKj vcbviga mykvwfZ wQj wMmi k me vcZ I fvhwk | wewfb

AvKwZi wsKm I fvhwk G Aji Abb ewk mgyj|hw` KD mgy i w`K wcvZ KiZ, mywekvj bxjRjivwki Dcidvivi myenr Zzlvi ceZkwYZvK wegy KiZ| PvikZ dzUDPZvq wQj evwZNi, hv cw_exi mvhi AbZg| AvjKRvw qvKm`, m`h, Dxcbv, DRbv I Avbì jxjvf~wg ejv nZv|diiv mZ KviYB AvjKRvw qvK cvwimi m Zzjbv KiQb|

Ze m cvwim eZgvbi cvwim bq, AZ Pwjk eQi c~ei cvwim,hLb A~Z Avbì Drm wnme Gi LvwZ wQj mgM wek Miegq|mZi eQi eqm hLb wKIcUv wgkii kvmbfvi MnY Kib,

AvjKRvw qv wQj Zvi ivRavbx| wgkixq c~ecyilì bvq wMK


32/96

Mvb wdm 32

eskv~Z Ujwg ivReski cPwjZ c_v Abymvi evi eQi eqmx bvevjKmnvì vZvi m Zvi evvb mbnq| KvDwjiì KzgYvq wZwbcfvweZ nq ivRavbxi wbqY MnY Kib Ges wKIcUvK wbevmbciY Kib| GZ wKIcUvZvi bvixmyjf Anseva AvNvZ cvb Ges

Zxefve Rj IVb|wZwb Zvi Nyg bvixmvK cwic~Yic RvMZKib| Z wmwiqvq cuQ wZwb wbRB mb msMn Kib Ges kigvKvwejvq AMmi nb|

Z`vbxb mePq gZvai mgvU Rywjqvm wmRvi BZvga my`mbmvgmn m~Ywebv cwZiva AvjKRvw qvq DcbxZ nb| kxNB

G ivg mgvUi AvbyKzj jvfi cZvkvq wgkii ivRv I ivbx Dfqwecyj DcnvimvgMxmn mvvr Kib| G cvjv fvix wQj wKIcUviw`K| Gi KviY wQj Zvi `wnK m`hefe| wKz wmRvi mw`K KcvZ Kibwb| wZwb wgkiivRi wgZv MnY Kib|

GZ mnR wKIcUv `gevi cvx wQjb bv| h Kvb g~j ZvKwmRvii AvbyKj cZ ne| myZivs wZwb wfbKkj Aej^b Kib|ciw`b mvq `Lv Mj wKIcUvi KqKRb fZ gv`yi gvovbv j^v

AvKwZi GKUv gvoK wmRvii ivRcvmv` wbq Gm wbe`b Ki, GUvmgvUi Dk cwiZ ivbxi AZ g~jevb Dcnvi| mgvU hbGKvZvi kqbK DbvPb Kib| mgvU m m Zvi cnixì G

Dcnvi mvgMx Zvi kqbK iL AvmZ ejb|h_vmgq mgvU ivZi wekvgi Rb Zvi kqbK Mgb Kib|

gSi Dci gvoKwU `L Zvi ivbxi K_v gb co| wZwb gvoKwU

DbvPb Ki ixwZgZv wewZ nb| Acic ici Rjym mymwZ^qs wKIcUv ZvK cYqi Ave`b Rvbvb| m Ave`b cZvLvb Kimva Kvi? ciw`b mKvj wmRvi NvlYv Kib, wKIcUvi hviv kZviv ZviI k| wZwb Zvi mg mbevwnbx wbq wgkii ivRvKAvgb Kib| cP iqx hy kl kevwnbx m~Yic civf~Znq| wKIcUv wgkii wmsnvmb AwawZ nb|

Gfve Rxebi Pig msKUgq gyn~Z wKIcUv mevP ZvM ^xKviKzwZ nbwb| wZwb wQjb wgkii ivbx| ivR Dvii RbB wZwb ZvibvixZK wemRb w`q wmRvii iYvcb nb| wbQK hbjvjmv wbeKiv Zvi Dk wQj bv| Zvi ZvM ^xKviK QvU Ki `Lv DwPZ ne


35/96

Mvb wdm 35

ewZi AwaKvix GvUwbi wbKU KwdqZ w`Z ^qsGwkqv gvBbiimvBwjwmqvi DkRvnvR hvM hvv Kib| mLvb wmWbvm b`xiavi mbvevwnbxmn GvUwb Kv Ki Aevb KiwQjb|

HwZnvwmKìgZ, wKIcUv cèxic GvUwbi wbKU AvwefyZnb| Zvi RvnvR wQj bvbvic Dj g~jevb iZLwPZ| UvBwiqvbiLqwi isqi dzj IVv cvji kwZ bxj Rjivwki Zi f` Ki m

RvnvR AMmi nwQj| icvi Zwi RvnvRi `vuojv DjZvq SKgKKiwQj| hLb Zviv ivgvb Rbviji Kvi wbKUeZx nb, gayiAvek evukx I exYv eR IV| G ev` hb GvUwbK ^vì AvgY

RvbvwQj|RvnvRi WK myeYLwPZ mvwgqvbvi bxP g~jevb KviKvhLwPZmvdvmU wKIcUv qwQjb| wZwb wQjb èx fbvmi gZv

AvKlYxq emb mymwZv| Avi mnPixMY wQj Rjèxi gZv cwicvwUcwiQ` mymwZv| Zvì eenZ g~jevb myevm RvnvR Qvwoq e`~ich evqyZi Avgvw`ZKiwQj| ivbxi G my k RvnvR GKcjK`Lvi Rb AMwYZ gvbyl gvBji ci gvBj weZ b`x Zxi mgeZ

nwQj| Kej GvUwb Zvi ivRìevi wePviKvhcwiPvjbv KiwQjb|ivRìevi evZv cuwQj h, fbvm GK cxwZfvR eKvmi m

wgwjZ nZ Pvb| wKIcUvi cwZ ZLbv GvUwbi m`n KvUwb| wZwbZvi m wKIcUvK Kv wWbvii AvgY Rvbvb| wKz wKIcUvwebxZfve Zvi RvnvR GvUwbK cvv AvgY Rvbvb|

GvUwb h_vmgq wKIcUvi AvgY mvov `b| wZwb Zvi RvnvR

AvivnY Ki ixwZgZv wewZ nb| hvv wnme Zvueyi cwiekGvUwb Af wQjb| Avi ivgi `yPviwU wbivfiYAbyvb hvMw`qQb| GLvb eYvX AvjvKmv `L wZwb wegvwnZ nb| nvRvinvRvi evwZ Dj Avjv QovwQj| Kv_vI eMvKvi Kv_vI evKvimjv mvRvbv nqwQj| Avi fvRmfv Zv mymwZ Kiv nqwQjcvPi hZv `yjf wejvm mvgMx w`q| wb`b I gvnbxq m k|

ZLb wKIcUv mvZvk

c`vcY KiQb| gbvwZKì fvlvqbvixZi c~YZvcvwi mwY| wZwb Kvb cyilK AvwiKfvefvjevmvi myhvM cvbwb| wmRvii welqwU wQj ^Z| wZwb mwmRvii Pq Zvi ivR ivq AwaKZi gbvhvMx wQjb| Gevi wZwb


36/96

Mvb wdm 36

Ggb GKRbi gyLvgywL nb, hvi cyilvwPZ m`hI cej AveM ZviwbRi my KgbxqZv I gvnbxq m`hi m mv kc~YwQj|

GvUwb hLb wKIcUvK mvlY Rvbvb, ZLb wZwb wbRK ZviwbKU GKRb Mvg hyeKic fvewQjb| wKQzUv KKk fvlvq wZwbevKvjvc i Kib| eywgZx wKIcUv Zv Abyaveb KiZvi K^iwKQzUv cwieZb Ki Abyicfve GvUwbi m Avjvc KiZ _vKb,hb GvUwb ^vQ` eva KiZ cvib| diiv wKz wKIcUvi PwiI ewZ mK wKQzUv weic gbvfve cvlY KijI wZwb Zvigvngq AvKlYxq gZvKB cvavb `b|

cKZ cgi Ave`b wbRKDrmM Kivi welq wKIcUv eiveiBwbivm I wbn wQjb| wKz wZwb cyilgbi wewP MwZ-cKwZDcjwZ AZ wbcyY wQjb| wZwb mshZ I webqx nZ cviZb|AePZb gbi ClvcYvw`Z AveM, nZvkv I AvZweZ gbvfve wZwbMvcb KiZ cviZb|

RvuKRgKcY fvR Drmei AvqvRb Ki, wbRK AvKlYxqfveAjZ Ki, wbRi cvmv`K eYvXic mymwZ Ki Ges mvwnZ IKjv welq eyw`x AvjvPbvi AeZviYv Ki Zvi cwZci gbAbvqvm Rq KiZ cviZb| ayZvB bq, wZwb cwZci hbvKvvRvMZ Ki ^vQ` bvixmyjf iwmKZvI KiZcviZb, wVK Kvibvix`i gZv|

diivi GB kli K_vjv eo k| Gjv Zvi ewMZgZvgZ| ZviciI Kvb m`n bB h wKIcUv wbRK Ggbfve

Dcvcb Kib hb GvUwb mnRB AvK nb| Gic Kvb gwnjvGvUwbi KLbv wMvPi nqwb| Zvi x wQj ip cKwZi| KLbv wZwbcvwievwiK ebi cwZ iZI `bwb|

cieZxZ Zvi cwZc Awfqvbi evbK weq Kib| G xKIwZwb iZ`bwb| `kbgvB wZwb wKIcUvK gb-cvY mgcY Kib|wZwb Dcjw Kib, wKIcUvB Zvi KvRxebi Dchy mx nevi

hvMZv ivLb| Zvi ga wZwbAbK CwZ Yvejx Avwevi Kib|Aciw`KGvUwbK GKRb Mfxi cgi AveM DvwmZ kwkvjx

cyil wnme wKIcUvi wbKU cwZfvZ nq| weklZ wZwb GvUwbimbevwnbxi mnvqZvq wgkii wmsnvmb my p Kivi welqwUK iZ


37/96

Mvb wdm 37

`b| GjvB GvUwbi cwZ wKIcUvi cYqi g~j KviY| G welqKviv m`n bB|

GvUwbi wbLv` cgi w`KUvB ewk cPvi cqwQj, GUv mZ|Dfqi ga Mfxi cYq Mo DVwQj, ZvI mZ| Zvnj wbRK IZvi wmsnvmb iv_GvUwbi cwZ wKIcUvi cgK LvUv Ki `LviKvb KviY AvQ wK? Aciw`Kcw_eximePq Hkhkvjx `ki ivbx,

hvi abiZ mbvevwnbxi im` hvMve I wecyj mgvivn weRq DrmeKiv hve Ggb fvebv wKIcUvi cwZ GvUwbi cgi cQb wQj gbKi GvUwbi cgK LvUv Ki `Lv hvq wK?

BwZnvm Ggb AbK v AvQ, hLvb gZvmxb ivbxMY cgKiQb Ges m cg ivRi bxwZ jNb Kiwb| Awqvi ivbx Gvwb,Bsjvi ivbx GwjRve_ I gwi yqvU Gi K_v DjL Kiv hZcvi| GgbwUB wQj wKIcUvi cg| GvUwb I wKIcUv GK cvq

`k eQi wQjb| Ggb mgq cvPi GK AwfhvbKvj GvUwb GKvBhvv Kib| AvjKRvw qvq AevbKvj ZvK LvuwU ivgvb wnmegb nqwb| bvixi gvnbxq cg wbRK wewjq w`qwQjb ej gbKiv nq| GvUwb I wKIcUv mKAbK M iwPZ nq| cyUvKGcm cUvi m~ ai ejb, Pvi cKvi ywZevK viv Acii gbyw

weavb Kiv hvq| wKz wKIcUvi AvqZ wQj nvRvi iKg KjvKkj|wZwb G welq AcwZ x wQjb|

GvUwb Mxi A_ev nvwmLywk hvB _vKzb bv Kb, Zvi gbievmbvgZv wKIcUv bZzb aibi Avb` evovZmg wQjb| cwZevi

`kb GvUwb GKUvbv GKw`b GKivZ wKcUvi m _vKZb| Dfqcvkv LjZb, g`cvb KiZb| KLbv ev wkKviI ei nZb|GvUwbi wewfbAi Abykxjb `L wKIcUv gy nq cksmv KiZbGes nvZZvwj w`q GvUwbK Awfb`b RvbvZb|

Dfq fZiQek aviY Ki ivZi ejv bMigYei nZb|KLbv KLbv Zv`i wPbZ bv ci ewZ wbq wMq jvKRb`yeenvi KiZ| wKIcUv me`vB cjyeKi Ave`bgqx, Kkjgqx,iwmK I KZzKwcq wQjb|

Aekl Awfqvbi m GvUwbi evSvcovi Pig gyn~Z NwbqGj| nq GvUwb bqZv Awfqvb AL ivgvb mvgvR kvmb Kieb,


38/96

Mvb wdm 38

G hb mB gxgvsmvi gyn~Z| wKIcUvi cwgK GvUwb ivgvb Rbvijwnme AvZmw^Z wdi cjb| wZwb Awejwekvj bevwnbxmnwMmDcKji Dkhvv Kib| mLvb Zvi kAwfqvb ZvueyLvwUqAcv KiwQjb| GvUwb GKj evinvRvi mb I lvUwU hy RvnvRwbq hvv i KiwQjb|

wVK KZ ZvwiL m hy i nqwQj, Zv Rvbv hvq bv| ZeNUbv gb nq, GvUwb ivgvb wnme ivg mvgvRi KZZ MnYKiZ PqwQjb| Aciw`KwKIcUv PqwQjb, ivg bMixi AvkvcwiZvM Ki GvUwb ZvK wbq wgki^vaxb ivRv wnme _vKzb|

KviY ivg bMix Zvi cQ`bxq wQj bv| wZwb gb KiZb, mLvbAwaKvsk Amf jvKRb emevm Ki| wZwb KLbv gbvigAvjKRvw qvK fyjZ cviZb bv| Dci bxj AvKvk, wbP meyRNvmi MvwjPv Avi Mxi ewPgq cyivwR ZvK Lye AvKlY KiZv|wKzivgMj GvUwbi eZv eo hve,wZwb Zvi cwgKKnvwiqdjeb| ZvB AvjKRvw qvq wZwb GvUwbK GKv cvevi Dchy

vb gb KiZb|GvKwUqvg n` cuwQZB Dfq c gyLvgywL njv| fqi hy i

njv| G mUgq gyn~Z wKIcUv wbevai gZv gb Kib h hyZviv civwRZ nqQb| mb`i Z cjvqbi msKZ w`q wZwbwbRbeenimn cZveZbi Dk Mfxi mgy i w`K AMmi nb|GUv wQj Pig wecbK gyn~Z|

GvUwbi cYq wQj myMfxi| wZwb mewKQz fyj Mjb| wZwb Zvi

Rq-civRq I mbvevwnbxK fvMi nvZ muc w`q ZMvgx GKwURvnvR wbq wKIcUvi Dk iIbv nb| Zvi wbKU ZLbwKIcUvwenxb G cw_exK ZzQ gb nq| K wewk wgki mgvx,whwb mgvx nqI mvnvwMbx cwgKv, mB wKIcUvB hb Zvi RxebimewKQz| Zvi Kvb Zzjbv nq bv| ZvK cvIqvi Pq eo wKQzcvIqvibB| ZvK GZ Aenjvq nvivbv hvq bv|

Gw`K Awfqvb gvMZ mvZw`b hy KiI GvUwbimbvevwnbxK civKiZ cviwQjb bv| wKzmvZw`bi gaI hLbGvUwb Zvi mbvevwnbxi wbKU cZeZb Kijb bv, ZLb hy Rqi

Avkv cwiZvM Ki Rbvijwenxb mbvevwnbx Awfqvbi wbKU


40/96

Mvb wdm 40

gnvivR dWwiK t mxZ, mgi I

kvmbi mg^qKevK^vaxbZv, agwbicZv IRbKjvYg~jK ivcwiPvjbv gZev`jvmvwZK wek MYZvwK g~jevacwZvi dj mgv Z njI ivRZi

hyM Gjv AKbxq wQj| A_PBDivcxq ivRbeMi BwZnvm GgbGKRb ivRvi mvb cvIqv hvq whwb AvR_K cvq AvovBk eQi c~e RvgvbcvUvU AaywlZ cwkqv ivR G

mg MYZvwK Av`ki h_v_cwZdjbi cqvm cvb| Zvi bvg dWwiK (1740-1786)| Zvi

Rxebi mg KgKvi ga w`q mxZ, mgi I kvmbi Ac~emg^qNwUqwQjb|

dWwiK wQjb cwkqv ivRi ZZxq ivRv| wZwb GKvavimxZwcq, we`vbyivMx, cRvermj, mgiwe`, wePY KzUbxwZwe`,DPvwfjvlx I ^vaxbPZv kvmK wQjb| Zvi Zx gav I wbijmcwikgi Y bMY Ges y cwkqv mgM BDivc gnv`k AbZg

kwkvjx ivR cwiYZ nq| Z`vbxb ivwkqvi Rvimn AbK cejcivv mgvUMY ch ZvK mgxn KiZb| Zvi mK wevwiZ

AvjvPbvi c~e cwkqv ivRi Mvovcbi welq mscAvjvKcvZ Kiv hZ cvi|

Rvgvwbi Divj evbeyMi wbevPK wQjb cavb cvUvUhyeivR| wZwb cwkqvi kvmbKZvI wQjb| GK mgq wZwb myBWbmvgvRi Af~ evwK DcKji cgvivwbqv f~L Rq Ki ^xq KZZcwZv Kib| 1700 mvj Awqvi mgvU l Pvjmi wbKU _K ivRv

Dcvwa aviYi AbygwZcv nq wZwb wbRK cwkqvi ivRv wnmeNvlYv Kib|

Zvici DBwjqvg dWwiK wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib| wZwb wQjbcwkqvi wZxq ivRv, eo AyZ aibi gvbyl| cRvi Pq mbvevwnbx

wQj Zvi wbKU AwaK iZc~Y| wZwb Awf mvRU c`ghv`vi


41/96

Mvb wdm 41

KgKZvì ciY Ki mgMBDivci wewfbAj _K Dchy mbmsMn KiZb| mwbKì wbqwgZ Abykxjb I cwkY Z`viwKi RbwZwb wbR h_ mgq eq KiZb|

Zvi GKgv j wQj, BDivc gnv`ki k mbvevwnbx MVbKiv| ivRKvli wmsnfvM A_ wZwb mvgwiKLvZ eq KiZb GesAbvb LvZ KQZv mvab KiZb| G KviY mfvmèM gbyb njIwZwb c KiZb bv| Zvi cy hyeivR dWwiKK wZwb AZKVvi Abykxjbi gvag Mo Zvjb Ges ZvK cqvRbxq cwkY Ivb`vbi Rb cPzi mgq eq Kib|

hyeivR dWwiK M I mxZwcq wQjb| ZvK Zvi wcZv GZKVviZvi mv_ Mo Zvjvi Pv Kib h 19 eQi eqm GK eyimnhvwMZvq cjvqbi cqvm cvb| wKz Zvì mB cwiKbv cKvknIqvq ivRv AZy nb| wZwb hyeivRK Kvivi Kib Ges ZvieyK Zvi Rvbvjvi mvgb dvuwmZ gZz` KvhKi Kib| Zvicimbvevwnbx _K cjvqbi AwfhvM mvgwiK Av`vjZ wePvic~eK

hyeivRK gZz` c`vb Kiv nq| cvwilèM`v`k keY ggvnZ nbGes hyeivRi cvYwfvi Rb mvbybq cv_bv Kib|

Aekl ivRv Zvi cvY` gIKzd KijI yK NvlYv Kib,GK ermi wZwb cyi gyL`kb Kieb bv| Gici hyeivR dWwiK

ivRcvmv` _K Ab wbRb emevm i Kib Ges we`v I mxZPPvqe_vKb| jvK fveZ wZwb nqZvwbQK wP webv`b KiQb|cKZc wZwb mvgwiK I ivRbxwZ welq Aaqb KiZb hb

fwelZ GKRb gnvb ivRv wnme Zvi ivRi Mievj Aavqim~Pbv KiZ mg nb| 1740 mvj wcZvi gZzi ci hyeivR dWwiKgv 28 ermi eqm cwkqvi wmsnvmb AvivnY Kib| ZLb chZvi gav I hvMZv mK mfvmèM A_ev cRvmvaviYi we`ygvaviYv wQj bv| wKzkxNB Zvi wePYZvi cKvk NUZ _vK|

ivRKvh mgvjvPbv A_ev nc Kivi Rb cwkqvq KvbcvjvgU wQj bv| dj wZwb ^xq BQ gvwdK kvmbKvh cwiPvjbv

KiZ cviZb| wKz Zvi cwieZ dWwiK NvlYv Kib, cRvmvaviYi gji Rb wZwb ivRKvh cwiPvjbvi BQ Kib|djkwZZ wePvii bvg wZwb ew` wbhvZb e Kib Ges mgcRvì -agxq ^vaxbZv fvM Kivi AbygwZ c`vb Kib|


42/96

Mvb wdm 42

dWwiK cRvì gZ cKvki ^vaxbZvI wbwZ Kib| cRvMYZvì BQgZv ivRKvhi mgvjvPbv KiZ cviZ| wZwb ejZb,cRviv hv Lywk ejZ cvi Ges Avwg hv Lywk KiZ cvwi [My peopleare to say what they please and I am to do what I please.]|G mgKvhKjvc Zvi cMwZkxj I msviagx gvbwmKZvi cwZdjb NU|

wZwb wQjb AZ cwikgx| wbR mbevwnbx cwiPvjbv KiZb Imfvm`MYK cqvRbxq wb kbv c`vb KiZb|

ZLb cwkqv wQj BDivci ga GKevi bMY ivR| wKzZvKMieRbK gwngvq DvwmZ KivB wQj Zvi Rxebi GKgv eZ| wZwb

wePYZvi mv_ j wbaviY cvi`kx wQjb| myZivs KLbv wZwb

j nbwb, fxlY wecÌ wZwb gbvej nvivbwb A_ev j ARbicPv _K weiZ _vKbwb| BDivc ZLb Pig AwwZkxj Aev

weivR KiwQj| mgvU l Pvjmi cymvb wQj bv| wZwb mghyeivRì GB ggcwZkwZ `b h, Zvi AeZgvb ivRKbv gvwiqv_imv GKgv DivwaKvix wnme m` I ivR jvf Kij ZvivKvb cKvi weN mw Kieb bv| wZwb Avkv KiwQjb, wbevPKgjx

Zvi RvgvZv dvwmK mgvU wnme wbevwPZ Kieb| wKz mgvU l

Pvjmi gZzi ci mKjB cwZkwZ f Kib|Z`vbxb mvBjwkqv Awqvi GKwU mg c`k wQj| c`kwUi

Dci dWwiKi AvswkK gvwjKvbvi `vwe _vKvq wZwb Zv KivqZ KiviAwfcvq ^mb mvBjwkqv AwfgyL hvv Kib| cwkqvi y A_PmywkwZ evwnbxi wbKU Awqvi wekvj LvwZgvb mbvevwnbx chy`nq| ZLbB BDivci Awaevmxiv cwkqvi GB bZzb ivRvi civgiZmn Dcjw Ki| m mgq Bsjv I dvi ga `xN KqK

eQievcx msNl PjwQj Ges Aekl mw vcbi ga w`q miqx msNli Aemvb NU|

mvBjwkqv dWvwiKi KivqZnq| gvwiqv _imv Abvb ivR jvfKib Ges Zvi ^vgxK mgvU NvlYv Kiv nq| wKz wZwb Zvi mgc`k mvBjwkqv nvivevi e`bv KLbv weZ nbwb| mB m wZwbdWwiKKI gv KiZ cvibwb| wZwb dv I ivwkqvi m eyZ

vcb mP nb hb Zvì mwwjZ kwi mvnvh cwkqvi gvKvejvKiZ cvib|

BZvemi dWwiK ^xq ivRi kvmbKvh, cPwjZ AvBbi msvi,mvgwiK kwew Ges fwelZ hyi Rb A_ msMnmn cqvRbxq


43/96


44/96

Mvb wdm 44

Awqv Ges ivwkqvi mwwjZ wekvj evwnbxi wei msNwUZ GKfqi hy cwkqvi mbvevwnbx m~Y chy` nq| mevZK cPvmZI dWvwiK kl iv KiZ e_ nb| hyiZ Aevq kci

wjZ wbRi eenZ ci ci `ywU Ak wbnZ nj wZwb Avc Kiejb, GKwU wj wK AvgvK we KiZ cvi bv? Zvi GB L`vwiga GKw`K hgb myì ì`x gbi cwiPq cvIqv hvq, Aciw`KZgwb hyi wefxwlKv eRbi BwZ cwiywUZ nq| wZwb hywcq

wQjb bv, AwZ iv_B ZvK msMvg KiZ nqQ Ges m mgmsMvg Zvi kZcgvwYZ nqQ|

DwjwLZ hy mekv dWwiK hwÌ Zvi GK gxK wjLwQjb,

Avgvi Avi Kvb m` bB, hv wQj meB hy nvwiqwQ| wKzkxNBbe D`g wZwb hyi cywZMnY Kib| kivZvì AwRZ weRqewkw`b ai ivLZ cviwb| Gevi BsiRivZvK mvnvhi RbGwMq Avm|

Bsjvi ivRv nvbvfvi bvg GKwU vbi gvwjKvbv `vwe KiZb|G wbqdvi m weevì KviY BsiRiv dvi k Rvgvwbi m

mLZv vcb cqvm cvq| G cwiwwZZ Zviv dvi weidWwiKK mvnvh KiZ AvMn e Ki| Zviv dvK BDivc e

ivLvi Kkj Aej^b Ki, hb Zviv Zvì Dcwbekjv ivi RbKvb myhvM bv cvq|

GZme mZI dWwiKi mgmv Kej cyxf~Z nwQj|Zvi kmbevwnbx gv^q gvb I msLvi w`K _K nvm cvwQj| ZvKKvbic wePvi-weePbv QvovBmvaviY jvKK mbevwnbxZ fwZ

KiZ nwQj| Zvi kmsLv GZ wecyj wQj h, Zvì g~jvrcvUbwbZvB `yin wQj|

Z`zcwi mePq msKUgq gyn~Z BsjvZvK mvnvh c`vb _KweiZ _vK| ivwkqvq m mgq GKRb bZzb Rvi gZvq AwawZ nb|dWwiKi cwZ Zvi c~Ykv wQj| wZwb Awqvi m mgmK wQb

Ki dWwiKK mvnvhi Rb Zvi mbevwnbx ciY Kib| Aciw`KAwqv hyvemb nq co| dj kxZKvjxb hyweiwZi ci cwkqvGes Awqvi ga GKwU mwc ^vwiZ nq| mwi kZ Abyhvqx

hyi c~e h mg Aj dWvwiKi KivqZ wQj Zv ZvK wdwiq`qv nq|


45/96

Mvb wdm 45

Afx jcuQvbvi Rb dWwiK Pvi Kvb wU Kibwb| ZviHKvwK cPvq cwkqv Z`vbxb BDivci AbZg kwkvjx ivRcwiYZ nq| Aek cPzi hyweMni dj Zvi `k mekv nq| AmsL

kni-eì, Mvg-M asm nq hvq| AbK Avevw`Rwg Abyei f~wgZcwiYZ nq|wKzZvB ej cRvì G mg `y kv `L wZwb wbweKvi_vKbwb| hywe ivR wZwb c~bMVb gbvwbek Kib| mgiv

enb eenvh Akevwnbx wZwb KlKì wbKU jvOj Uvbvi Rb ciYKib| G QvovI wZwb Zvì ga klexR weZiYi eevMnY Kib|Gfve `kwU axi axi mgwi c_ AMmi nZ _vK|

Aekl ivwkqvi m cwkqvi eyZc~Y mK vwcZ nq| ZLb

Kv_vwib wQjb ivwkqvi mgvx| wZwb wQjb Rvgvb eskv~Z| kvbvhvq, Zvi KviYB Zvi ^vgxi gZz NU Ges ^vgxi AeZgvbivRkvmbi fvi MnY Kib| wZwb hgb eywgwZ Zgwb `ycKwZiwQjb|

cvjvmvgvR wefwi evcvi wZwb dWwiK I gvwiqv _imvKDy KiZ cqvm cvb| GB mvgvRwU ivwkqv, Awqv I cwkqvigvSLvb AewZ wQj| Kv_vwib, dWwiK I gvwiqv _imvwbRìga mvgvRwU fvM-eUbKib| ^vaxbZv iv_ kwkvjx G qxcwZci wei cvjvi Kivi wKQzwQj bv|

dWwiK Zvi `xN Rxeb `ki Rb AbK Ae`vb ivLZ mgnqQb| myZivs mZ KviYB ZvK gnvb dWwiK ejv nq| ZviivRZKvj cwkqv cf~Z Mie ARb Ki Ges ZLb GUv cwivifveDcjw Kiv hvq,Rvgvwbi cavb kw ne cwkqvAwqv bq| cwkqvwQj cyivcywi Rvgvb, Aci c Awqvi ga nvwi Ges BUvwjiDivj Afy wQj| G QvovI Awqv wQj ivgvb Kv_wjKgZvej^x, Aciw`K Rvgvwbi AwaKvskB wQj cvUvU gZvej^x|

dWwiK AvRxeb AKvcwikg KiQb| e eqm Nvovq Pogyljavi ewZ wfR GKwU KvRi Z`viwK KiZ Mj mw RiAvvnb| Zvici wZwb KqKgvm ivRKvhcwiPvjbv Kib| cwZw`bfvi mvo PviUvq wbqwgZfve ivRKgPvixì mv_ KvR i KiZb|

1786 mvji 17 AvM G iKgB GKwU Kge w`b gvKqKNUvi AmyL gnvivR dWwiKi KgRxebi cwimgvw NU| wKzmdjkvmK wnme h mg gnvb Av`k wZwb iL wMqQb AvRI ZvAbKi Rb AbyKiYxq nZ cvi|


46/96

Mvb wdm 46

BsiR Kwe jW evqibi cg

1812 wLv gv 24 eQi eqm jWevqib jbimePq AvjvwPZ ewwnme cwiwPwZ jvf Kib| PvBnvi Kve cKvki ga w`q Zvi^Yvj cwZfvi c_g weQyiY NU|wZwb wQjb AZ my`kb, cvYe,AveMceY I Abb PvwiwK ewkiAwaKvix; hv Lye Kg cyili gaj Kiv hvq| Zvi G Yvejx mnRB

bvix`i AvK KiZv|kke wZwb AZ AveMceY I `yi cKwZi wQjb|

DivwaKvim~ wZwb AwgZeqx I DQvmceY ^fvei AwaKvix nb|Zvi wcZv wQjb Ryqvix I AwgZeqx Ges gvZv wQjb cP LvgLqvwj|

evjKvj evqib weKjv wQjb| wZwb wKQzUv Lyuwoq nvuUZb| GRb wZwb cvqB welY_vKZb| gvZvi cPvq wPwKrmvi gvag wZwbAyZfve AvivMjvf Kib| wKz Gici nZ wZwb Aviv Rw` IGKivLv nq cob|

evqib gv AvU eQi eqm gwi Wvd bvg GK evwjKvi cgcob| `k eQi eqm Zvi KvwRb gvMviU cvKvii cwZ cejfve

AvK nb| Avi cbi eQi eqm Zvi Rxeb gvivZK msKU mw nq|Gmgq wZwb Mfxifve gwi PvIqv_-Gi cg Db nb|

evqibi wcZei-wcZeZhz gwi PvIqv_i wcZvgnK nZvKib| Dfq cwievii ga _vKv mI evqib Zvi Pq `yeQiieo gwi PvIqv_K weevn KiZ gbwi Kib| wKz gwi PvIqv_ Gyj-evjKK weevn m~Yic A^xKwZ vcb Kib|

nZvkvq evqib gvbwmKfve f cob| G Aevq KvgweRwKQzw`b Aevbi ci wZwb Bsjv ZvM Ki we`k gY ei nb|wZwb cZzMvj, b nq c~evji wewfb `kmn wMm I Zzi ch


47/96

Mvb wdm 47

gY Kib| G_ AevbKvj ewUk fvBm Kbmvji Kbv wgm_imv gvwK DkKi myì GKwU QvU KweZv gBW Ae G_

wjLb|Zvici wZwb jb cZveZb Ki Kwe wnme Z LvwZ ARb

Kib I cf~Z mvgvwRK ghv`v jvf Kib| Zvi AvKlYxq m`hjKi mvi Iqvvi U ejb, Zvi gyLveqe Kej ^caviYv Kiv menZv| Zvi Dj PvL I evgq gyLvKwZ mnR mKjK AvKlY KiZ|Z`ycwi wZwb wQjb `yjf gavi AwaKvix|

G mg PvwiwK ewk wbq evqib cyiv`yi mgvR wgkZ_vKb| Kvb wKQzZ Zvi Avcw wQj bv| Zvlvg`, eyZ I

fvjevmvmn mewKQzB cZ _vKb| c~evjxq `kmg~n gYKvjiwPZ Zvi wKQzKweZvi bvqK wnme ZvK gb Kiv nq| ` wMqvDiI ` Kmqvi mjvi ga AbZg KweZv| GKRb Rvgvb Zvi

mKwjLb, wZwb m~Yic bvixì viv cfvweZ nb|MnKgx _K i Ki mgvRi DuPzii gwnjvì AvK Kivi Rb

Zvi nvZi igvjLvbv Qzuo `qvB h_ wQj| AbK Avevi igvj Qzuo`qviI Acv KiZ bv| ZviciI ZvK mKj mgxn KiZ| wKz

wZwb gwnjvì mK ejb, m`hi Rb ZvìK Avwg kv Kwi,hwÌ Zviv wbgii cvYx| Avwg ZvìK eq wk gb Kwi| wKzgvwnme Zviv evKv| Avi Avwg AbeiZ Kviv bv Kviv fZ| GKRbgwnjvK GK Rvov Pkgv I ev`vg fvRv w`j m Lye Lywk|

evqib I jwW Kvivwjb jvî mK m mgq mePq ewkAvjvwPZ wQj| G mK mwi evqibK `vlvivc Kiv nq|Acic Aek Ab K_v ej| ivBU nbi m jwW Kvivwjbicwibq ek myLi wQj| DBwjqvg jv cieZxZ jW gjeg Ges

Zvici ivbx wfvwiqvi c_g cavbgx nb| wZwb mnR, mij IAgvwqK wQjb| xi cwZ Zvi cej wekvm wQj|

Aciw`K jwW Kvivwjb wQjb AveMx, evKv I Pj fvei|me mgq bZzb myL I Avbì Rb DbyL _vKZb| wZwb wbRK KwefveZb| KweZv jLvi Pv KiZb| Zvi eyiv ZvK Lywk Kivi Rbevnev w`Z| AbK mgq Zvi KweZv kvbvi fq Zviv bvbv ARynvZ


49/96

Mvb wdm 49

_vKb| wZwb cyivwnZi cki Reve mwVKfve w`Z cviwQjb bv|AcviZ MvwoZ Avivnbi mgq wZwb Zvi xK ejb, wgmwgjevsK, Avcwb wK cyZ?

GKRb eii Rb GUv gvivZK g| AbK GUv Af jYwnme weePbv KiZ cvib| eyZ, `yRbi RywU mew`K w`qhywmZ nqwb| evqib wQjb Rj AvMqwMwi|

Aciw`K Zvi x wQjbmv`vgvVv, msKxYgbv I wLUwLU ^fvei|Zvì ga h_ Awgj c_g _KB j Kiv hvq| hLb Zvivweevnhvv nZ cZveZb Kib, evqibK GKRb wRm KiwQj,Avcbvì gayPw gv Kgb nj?

wZwb G cki Reve ejb, eis GK ejyb Svjvo-Pw gv|evqibi cvwievwiK eYbv `xNvwqZ Kiv wbqvRb| c_g Kbv

RbMnYi gv cvuPmvn ci Zvì weevnweQ` NU| jwW evqibejb, Zvi ^vgxi gwweKZ|

Aciw`K evqib ejb, xi fvjevmv cZ wZwb AbK PvKiQb, wKz m AZ wbwj| myZivs wZwb cP `ytL I vf Zvigbywi Avkv cwiZvM KiQb|

DjL, jwW evqibi AwffveK wgmmnvwiqU exPvi vIwq ekKqK `kK ci evqibi wei gvivZK AwfhvM Kib| wZwb ejb,evqibi m Zvi mr evb AMv jx-Gi ARvPvi mK wQj| wKzGwelq my Kvb cgvY cvIqv hvq bv| dj welqwU weZwKZ _Khvq|

hvnvKevqibi wei hLb G aibi bvbv mgvjvPbvi So eBZ_vK, wZwb Bsjv ZvM Kib| ivBb b`xi fvwUZ myBRvijvi ga

w`q wZwb fwbm cuQb|G cwiwwZZ Bsjv Qo Avmvq wZwb Avbw`Z nb| weklZ h

mgNYv I weiw ZvK weeZ Ki iLwQj Zv _K gyw NUvq wZwb^w jvf Kib| G mgqi gvbwmK DQvm GLvb DZ cswgvjvqwZwb wbRB cKvk Kibt


50/96

Mvb wdm 50

Avevi Avwg mvMi fvmwQAviv GKevi AwZg KiwQ mywekvj Rjivwkcej Zigvjv AvgvK eua iLQ,

hfve ivLv nq Kvbv ZRx AkK,h Aki Avivnx fvjfve Zv AeMZ|AZGe, ^vMZg n mgy MRb!

A mgqi gaB wZwb ecivqvfve dvkvb Mv fvwmq `b|Bsjv nZ Zvi eBqi cKvkK gvoB cPzi A_ ciY Kib| PvBnvi-Gi`ywU mMI gvbdW-Gi Rb gvoB ZvK KzwonvRvi Wjvi

c`vb Kib| Zvici PZz_ mMi Rb evqib `vwe Kib evinvRviWjvi|

BUvwjZ AevbKvj kwj I _vgvm gyii m evqibi eyZ MoIV| wKzkxNB Zv`i m m mK wZwb ewk `~i MovZ `bwb|

KviY, Zvi Rxeb ZLb PgKc` Aavq i nqQ|wZwb Avi 1815 wLvi evqib bb| Zvi Rxebhvvq AbK

cwieZb GmQ| ixwZgZv wZwb GLb DuPzZjvi gvbyl|AXj evw Icvbxq Zvi iwP e`j w`qQ| Zvi w Avi GLb ay AvwZK bq|`wnK ewI NUZ _vK|

Ze Zvi G cwieZb mvweKfve `yfvMi m~Pbv Kiwb| G mgq ZviDM ecivqvfve AbKUv ckwgZ nq| iwmKZveva Zvi PwimvwiZ nq| eyZ wk eQi eqm wZwb GKRb cwic~Y gvbyl cwiYZnb|

wKQzw`bi ga GK gwnjvi m evqibimvvr NU| GKRbcLvZ mgvjvPK ejb, G gwnjv Dj bi gZv Svwey Kwei

RxebvKvk Dw`Z nq| Zvi bvg Uimv, KvDUm wMwmIwj|fwbm Zv`i c_g mvvr nq| Uimvi eqm hLb gv Dwbk eQi,

Zvi PqKgc Pwjk eQi ewk eq ewi m weevn nq|nvjKv eY, cvjy w, ^Yvwj Pzj Ges webqx I ghv`vc~YAvPiY wQj

Zvi AvKlYxq ewk| ^Kvj cwiwPwZi gvag wZwb evqibi cwZcejfve AvK nb| Zvi mKejv nq, cgK c_g wZwb cgv`

wnme fveZb, Gici wZwb cgi wbKU AvZmgcY Kib|


51/96

Mvb wdm 51

Uimvi cg evqib Z mvov `b| AvgiY wZwb Avi KvbgwnjvK cvv `bwb| `yRbi AZ fvj RywU nqwQj ejv hvq|ZviciI mZ KviY wKQzmgmv wQj| wbtm`n evqibi f wQjbUimv| wKz wZwb G BsiR KweK BUvwjq wZ `Lvi Pv

KiZb|hvnvK, BsiR Kwe I BUvwjq KvDUmigvS gvSB `Lv-mvvr

NUZ _vK| GKevi evqib cej Ri Avv nq khvkvqx nb|Uimv ZLb Zvi khvcvk wQjb| my nq DVvi ci evqib ZvKcvIqvi Rb eKzj nq IVb| wKz Uimv ZLb wbR evmfeb

cZveZb Kib| evqib GZ nZvk nb| wZwb UimvK GKi ciGK Mfxi AveMc~Ycgc ciY KiZ _vKb|

G chvq wZwb NvZKi AvgYAvkv Kib| Zvi aviYv, nqZUimvi ^vgx ZvK nZv Kivi Rb wKQzNvZK wbqvwRZ KiQb|G Rb hLbB wZwb evBi hZb Zievwi, wcj I Nvov wbq ei

nZb| G mg Svwey mgqi ga w`qI evqibi jLbx _g

_vKwb| eis Zv Aviv kvwYZ nq IV| Zvi AbK weLvZ KweZv Gmgq iwPZ nq| wZwb Avkv cvlY KiZb Uimvi m Zvi wgjbNUe Ges Zv kl ch wUK _vKe| Zvi G Kvgbv e_nqwb|

Aekl Uimv cKvk KweK MnY Kib| Kwe Zvi K_vgZvcwZkwZ `b h wZwb UimvK Qo wMKì ^vaxbZv hy hvM`vb

eZxZ Ab Kv_vI hveb bv|

wMK cwZwbwaì viv Dy nq AUvgvbì weiwMKì mvnvhKivi Rb 1823 wLvi 16 RyjvB xi AbygwZ wbq evqib BUvwjZvM Kib| hyi GK chvq cwg wMmi Avqvwbqvb xccyiwmdvjvwbqvqwZwb Amy nq cob Ges 1824 wLvi 19 GwcjmywPwKrmvi Afve wZwb gZzeiY Kib|

Uimv x wnme Kwei m gv wZb eQi wQjb| Zvì G cgmKAbK weic mgvjvPbv Kib| wKzbvbvfve Kwei Rxeb Gcgi Zvrchc~Ycfve cwijwZ nq| G cg KweK we Ki| Gcg AKviI nZvkv _K KweiewmvK AvjvwKZ Ki| Kwei

DkLj RxebK G cg kLwjZ Ki| G cg Zvi Dvg AveMi


52/96


53/96

Mvb wdm 53

KlK Kbv _K mgvx

ivwkqvi gnvb mgvU wcUvi gv KqKeQii ga cvq Aa-eei Mv-AaywlZivwkqvK mgM BDivci AbZg kRvwZZ cwiYZ Kib| GKw`b wZwbGKRb Awdmvii evmvq eovZ Mj GK

hyeZxi AZzjbxq m`h I ghv`vc~YwkvPvi ZvK AvK Ki|gqwU ew`bx| bvg gv_v| `vmxi gZv

Rxebhvcb Zvi| ivwkqvi H Awdmviievmvq MnKgx wnme wQjb| Zvi cKZ cwiPq Rvbv hvq bv| kvbvhvq, GK Mvg cyivwnZ ZvK GwZg wnme jvjb-cvjb Kib| AbygvbKiv nq, Zvi wcZv wQjb wjfvwbqvi GKRb KlK|

gv_vi m`hI cwZfvq mgvU GZUv Awff~Z nb h, wZwb Zvi esk

ghv`v Dcv Ki ZvK weevn eb Ave KiZ gbwi Kib| hvwKQz my`i Zv KiZ wcUvi KLbB wav KiZb bv| ZvB Zvimfvm`MYi gZvgZi Acv bv KiB ew`bx KlK KbvK ivwkqvimgvxi Avmb emvZ msK Kib| wZwb gv KqKRb wek eyiDcwwZZ ZvK Mvcb weevn Kib| weevnic~e gv_vK ivwkqviPvPLag`xwZ Kiv nq Ges Zvi bvg cwieZb Ki Kv_wib bvg

ivLv nq|wcUvi AZ wLUwLU gRvRi gvbyl wQjb| cvqB wZwb vaAwMkgv nZb| ^ikvmK wnme wZwb hLb hv Lywk KiZ cviZb|ZvB wZwb hLb y _vKZb, Zvi wbKU KD hZ mvnm KiZ bv|bvv Kivi Av`k `qvi gZB wZwb Lye Aejxjvg KvDK wki`Kivi Av`k w`Z cviZb|

ZviciI wZwbKv_wibK Lye fvjevmZb| GRb GKgv Kv_wib

ZvK we`ygv fq cZb bv| wZwb kxNB wkL djb Kxfve mgvUKAvqZAvbv hvq| Ggb wK cP vavw^Z mgvUK wZwb e fjyKibvq ckwgZ KiZ cviZb|


54/96

Mvb wdm 54

wcUvi cvqB hy-weMn wj _vKZb| cPzi cwikg, `yMi fqvencwiwwZ I iYvbi Rxeb-gZzi SzuwKi gaI Kv_wib wcUvii mmbvevwnbxi myL mvwiZB Aevb KiZb|mbivZvi mvnm `L

wewZ I AbycvwYZ nZv| hw` KLbv Lv` Kg hZ, c_ wec`myjnZv A_ev `xN c_ AwZg KiZ nZv, Zvì gb coZ Kv_wibZvì m AvQb| Zviv ZLb DrmvwnZ nZv I wbRì `ytL fyjhZ| GKRb igYx hw` GZ K mn Ki wec`K gvKvejv KiZcvib, Zvnj Zviv Kb cvieb bv?

Kv_wib hgb we`ylx Zgb mvnwmbx wQjb| AKvj gaB wZwb

wcUvii bvq hyi hveZxq Kjv-Kkj AvqZ Kib| cwZwUmsKUKvj Zvi civgk PvIqv nZv| Rbvijì gZvB ZvigZvgZK iZ `qv nZv| Gfve hLb Kv_wib Zvi gZv,wePYZv I wkvPviY mKji gb Rq Kib, wcUvi cKvk Zvi mweevn NvlYv Kib Ges ivwkqvi ivbx wnme gyKzU cwiq `b| ZZw`bchweevni welqwU Mvcb wQj|

1711 wLv wcUvi Pwjk nvRvi mb wbq ZMwZZ ZziAvgY Kib| Zvi G mb msLv Zzi AvgYi Rb chv wQj bv|ZLb Zvi mbvevwnbx wewfbvb Aevb KiwQj| wZwb mKjK AMminIqvi Av`k c`vb Kib| wKz bvbv KviY Zviv wcUvii mhvM`vb KiZ e_ nq|

dj y G evwnbx wbq wZwb Zzii GKwU c`k Aevb Kib|wZwb G cwiwwZZ Kv_wibmn mKj xjvKì wbivc` Avkq MnYi

Dk cv`Mgbi wb k c`vb Kib| GZ wec` Aviv Nbxf~ZnIqvi Avkv `Lv `q| Kv_wib G wec` gyn~Z mgvUK Qo hZmZ nbwb| kl chmgvU Zvi wmvcwieZb evanb| AbvbRbvij I Awdmvi `wZivZvi m _K hvb|

G Awfhvbi mewKQzB wQj wcUvii cwZKj| AvenvIqv wQj AZD| ivwk ivwk KxU-cZ meyR hv wKQz cvwQj Lq kl KiwQj|

NvovjviLvevi msKU `Lv `q| AbK Nvov bv Lq gviv hvq| GcwiwwZZ Zviv bv cviwQjb AMmi nZ, bv cviwQjb wcQz nUZ|

A_P mLvb wUK _vKvI wQj AZKwVb|


55/96

Mvb wdm 55

Ggb mgq myLeZx wKQzmbGm Lei `q h, ZzKxevwnbx Zvìw`K aq AvmQ| kxNB wcUvi `Lb h, cvq `yB jvwaK gymwjgmbi GK wekvj evwnbx Zvi AvUwknvRvi mbi y evwnbxKj Ki fqi MwZZ AMmi nQ|

cgv` Y wcUvi Zvi mbì cv`cmiYi wb k c`vb Kib|Zviv cZveZbKvj c_ b`xi wbKUeZx nj bZzb wec` `Lv `q|AMeZx wKQz mbGm wcUviK Lei `q h, b`xi Aci Zxi, eeiwg bvgi GK wekvj ZzKxevwnbx Aevb MnY KiQ, hb wcUvicvb bv KiZ cvib|

cwiwwZ m~Yic bivkRbK| myL `yB j mbi ZzKxevwnbx,wcQb b`xi Aci Zxi fqi wekvj wg ZzKxevwnbx| wcUvi ixwZgZdvu` AvUKv coQb| Z zcwi Kv Rj msKU `Lv `q| b`x nZRj AvbZ MjB ZzKxMYi cwZiva Awbevh|

Ggb mgq GKwU ZzKx Akvivnx evwnbxwcUvii Kv I b`xZxiigaeZx vb Aevb MnYi Pv Ki, hb wcUvievwnbxK m~YicwewQb Kiv hvq| wKz wcUvievwnbxi cej cwZivai KviY ZzKxAkvivnxevwnbx cv`cmiY eva nq|

wcUvi RvbZb, Z Kvb cKvi mvnvh bv cvIqv Mj wZwb KejZvi mbvevwnbxB nviveb bv, Zvi mvgvRI nviveb| KviYhw` wZwbZzKxì nvZew` nb, Zvi kyMY wej bv Ki ivwkqv `Lj KieGes wbRì ga `kwU fvMeb Kie|

Kvb cKvi mvnvh Avmvi Kvb mvebvI wZwb `LZ cvwQjb bv|

G cwiwwZZ wZwb giYcY msMvg Kivi Rb wmvMnY Kib| wZwbgwnjvì gvSLvb iL Zvi mbevwnbx Zvì PZzvk eMvKvimwbek Ki kì gvKvejv KiZ _vKb|

ZzKxiv mxwjZfve ivwkqvi mbvevwnbxK AvgYKi| ZvìaviYv wQj h msLvwaKi KviYB Zviv y wcUvievwnbxK wbwlZ

Ki dje| wKz wcUvii mvnmx mbvevwnbx RvbZZvì gvSLvb

Kv_wib AvQb| G Rb Zviv p cwZiva MoZzj

fqifveZzKxevwnbxK weZvwoZ KiZ _vKb| hZevi ZzKxiv Gfve AvgY

Ki, wcUvi ZZevi Zvì cwZnZ Kib| GZ cPzi jvKq nq|


56/96


57/96

Mvb wdm 57

Zvi| Kvb cKvi Dcnvi Qvov Zvi wbKU Kvb msev` cuQvbv menZv bv|

Kv_wib fvejb, AZg~jevb DcnvimvgMx eZxZ Zvi G cveDwRii wbKU MnYhvM ne bv| wKz Kv_vq cveb wZwb GZgnvg~jevb Dcnvi?

wcUvii mbv-KvlvMvi Zgb abiZI wQj bv| ivwkqv _K wKQzAvbevi DcvqI wQj bv| ZezI Kv_wib nZvk nbwb| wZwb wbRig~jevb Ajvijv GKwZKib| Zvici Rbvij I Awdmvi`wZì wbKU hv wKQz g~jevb Ajvi, A_Kwo, abiZ AvQ Zv

èvi Rb Abyiva Kib|wZwb GKwU ZvwjKv cyZ Ki hvi hvi wbKU nZ hv hv cvIqv MjZv MnY Kib Ges iwm`mn cwZkwZ c`vb Kib h,gv cZveZbKi mKji G mg Ajvivwì g~j cwikva Kiv ne| wZwb Gfvemg`yM Nyi Nyi AbK Ajvi I abiZmsMn Kib| Zvì wbKUh_ bv _vKjI GKwZ Ki cwigvbUv Kg njv bv| Kv_wibi gbnjv, Gevi cavb DwRiK my Kiv hZ cvi|

Kv_wib ZzKx KgvviK kxNB evSvZ mg nb h, GK wekvjmbvevwnbx ivwkqv _K Zzii DkAMmi nQ| Zvì m

fqi hyi SzuwK MnYi cwieZ wcUvii m mw vcb Kiv Dgne| Aviv wKQz Avjvc-AvjvPbvi ci mw vwcZ nq| wcUviKwbivc` ivwkqv cZveZbi AbygwZ `qv nq| Gfve Kv_wib ivwkqvimgvU I mvgvR iv Kib| KqK eQi ci wcUvi Kv_wibK mgvx

Ges Zvi hvM DivwaKvix wnme NvlYv Kib|wjfvwbqvi GK KlKKbv whwb hy-ew`bx I `vmx wQjb, wZwb ZvicwZfv I mvnmi Rvi ivwkqvi c_g mgvx wnme wmsnvmb

AwawZ nb| GUv weqKi njI mZ|


58/96

Mvb wdm 58

BsiR Kwe kwji cg

evjweevni ^c AbK AbK K_vejQb| mvaviY jvKì ejvqevjweevn wKQz wKQz cksmbxqnZ cvi| G mgq ZiY-ZiYxìwekl Kvbv Kbv _vK bv| evBkeQi eqm ev Zvi wKQzc~e hvì c~YgvbwmK weKvk NU Zviv ^Q`weevneb Ave nZ cvi| Zvì

ZLb ew hv NUvi Zv NU _vK| ewk wKQz weKvk ev nvmi mvebv_vK bv| ciii mvwba Gm Zvì msmvihvv i nq| gk

Zvì GKB iKg wPv-fvebv, AvPiY I wfw cKvk cvq|wKz cwZfvkvjx bvix-cyili evjweevn cvqB hYvKvZi

nq _vK| Dwbk eQi eqm ch Zvì h gvbwmK weKvk NU Zv

`L `keQi ci Zv Kv_vqwMq `vuove m mK KD fwelvYxKiZ cvi bv| myZivs Zvì evjweevn bvbvwea So-Sv IgvbwmK Pvc mw Ki Ges cwiYvg weevn weQ` NUvq|

cKwZMZfve evjweevni cyilc_g fyj c`c MnY Ki_vK| m hw` Amvgmc~Y, AwZmvaviY I kxZj cKwZi `wZ

wbevPb Ki, ci m Zvi fyj eySZ cvi| hLb Zvi ^ci CMjc~Yic Wvbv gj Da AvKvkwePiY KiZ _vK, Zvi mwbxK evwoi

Avwbvq gyiMxi gZv wePiY KiZ `L| m Dcjw Ki GZ DuPzZAvivnYKi GK m wePiY Kiv Zvi mwbxi c Av` me bq|A_P weevn gyn~Z ZvK Zvi mgK gb nqwQj| mewKQzZB ZLbAwbevh ~iZmw nq|

cvwmwewk kwjicvcU m~Yic wewP| AyZ cwiwwZZ Zvievjweevn AbywZ nq| Avi m weevnweQÌ NU AyZfve| kwj

wbRI wQjb GK AmvaviY mw| Zvi KZKgi Rb RxekvqZvK`vlvivc Kiv nq| ZLb _KB Zvi cwZ wKQzwKQzweic aviYvi mwnq| Rxebi iZB wZwb meZ Zvi AcZvwkZfve cebvi wkKvi


59/96

Mvb wdm 59

nb| G Rb Zvi msw, cwZfv`x I vwc~YRxeb mKwKQzfyjeySveywSi myhvM NU|

1792 wLv divwm wecei Avb `vD `vD Ki Rj IV|cvwii y RbZv Zvì ivRv wUjvwimK KvivMvi wbc Ki|ivRv

ZLb dvuwmi Acvq wQjb| mgM BDivc Ryo AivRKZvi _vevwevi Ki| G So-Svi eQi kwji Rb nq| G KviY Zvi PwimeZ hyMhYvi cfve Awi gvbwmKZv cwijwZ nq|

kwji evjKvj h wPPvj I we vn ceYZv cwi nq Zv wKzZvi wcZv-gvZv _K AwRZ nqwb| Zvi wcZv wUgvw` kwj AZ

mvaviY, ~jeywmb, wbim BsiR Mvg Rwg`vi wQjb| Zvi gvZv`LZ myìx njI AmvaviY Kvbv PvwiwK ewki AwaKvix wQjbbv| Ze wZwbI Rwg`viKbv wQjb| weqi mgq nvRviv mnR-mij Im`vjvcx Mvg BsiR Kbvì gZvB mvaviY wQjb|

kwji ivgvwUK ewki DivwaKvim~ LyuRZ Mj `Lv hvq,Zvi wcZvgni wbKU _K eskMZfve wZwb wKQzUv G ewk jvfKiQb| Zvi wcZvgn AZ weLvZ I gZvai ewwQjb|

kwji wcZvgni bvg wQj wewk kwj| Zvi hebKvj mKweklwKQz Rvbv hvq bv| Zvi RbI Bsjv bq, AvgwiKvq| m mgqAvgwiKv ejZ AwbwZ Avi AyZ `k wnme jvK eySZ|

HwZnevnx cvPxb BsiR Rwg`vi eski mvb wewk kwj AbKARvbv `k gYKib| kvbv hvq, wZwb AbK wKQz `LQb GesKiQb| GKwU RbkwZ Abymvi ejv nq, wZwb AvgwiKvq weevn

Kib| KD Aek AvRI Rvb bv, m gwnjv kZvwbx bv KvwbxwQjb, A_ev Kxfve wZwb ZvK Qo Avmb|wewk kwj nqZv mvivRxeb AvgwiKvq _vKZ cviZb| wKz

DivwaKvi m~ Zvi wKQz wQj bv| G KviY wZwb BsjvcZveZbKib| GLvb Gm wZwb Dcjw Kib, G `k mfvM ARbi RbcKZ vb| Zvi `wnK MVb wQj myì| Zvi we`k gYi KviY

evcK AwfZv mq Kib| ^vQ`, ghv`v I cfve meB wZwb Rxeb

DcfvM Kib| hLb BQ wZwb AZAgvwqK I my nZ cviZb|Lye kxNB wZwb GK wekvjx gwnjvK weevn Kib|xi weefei KviY kxNB wewk kwj mgvR GKRb iZc~Y

ew wnme cwiMwYZ nb| mgvRi myaxgnj I cfvekvjx


60/96

Mvb wdm 60

ivRKgPvixì m AhvwPZfve NwbZv ARb Kib| weklZb vgevijvi wWDKi m Zvi mLZv MoIV| G mLZvi cfvemv wewUkì kwYZ DxY nb| G mgq Zvi xi gZz nq| wZwbAwaKZi wekvjx gwnjvK weevn Kib| wewk kwj 1813 wLvgZzeiY Kib| Kc KkY feNyi Rxeb i KijI Zvi gZzKvj`Lv hvq, wZwb m mgq bM` `k j cvD I evwlK jvwaK cvD

Ki Av`vqhvM Rwg`vwi iL hvb|Kwe kwji ga ivgvwUKZvi m~ hUzKz cvIqv hvq Zv Zvi

gZvai, mvnmx, PjgwZ I AmvaviY KwZZi AwaKvix wcZvgn wewk

kwj nZ DivwaKvim~ mvZ ej Abygq| wZwb wQjb Av`kBsiR Rwg`vi| `kxq pZvi m we`kx D`vi Yvejx Zvui PwiweKwkZ nq|

wKzfwelr Kwe ZiY kwjK `L GKRb LvuwU BsiR gb KivKKi wQj| evjKvj wZwb kixiPPv ev Ljvayjvi cwZ gvUB AvMnxwQjb bv| ZLb _KB wZwb cPzi covbvq gbvwbek Kib| wZwbAwZ xq welqjv wbq ewk fveZb, hv yjevjKMY KbvI KiZ

bv|djkwZZ kwj emiKvix yj I cieZxZ BUb KZci

wei we vn Kib| m mgq we`vjq dvwMs c_v cPwjZ wQj| Gc_v Abymvi wkì KvwqK cwikg KiZ nZv| wKz kwj KvwqKcwikgK ixwZgZ NYv KiZb| ZvK hv ejv nZv wZwb Zv KiZcQ` KiZb bv| eis wbwl Kgmg~n wZwb ewk AvMnx wQjb|

cieZxKkwjK

hLb AdvW BDwbfvwmwU KjR

Kiv njv,wZwb G KjR cPwjZ wbqg-bxwZi Kvb ZvqvvB Kibwb| divmx

wece I Gi djvdj `L hLb Uvwi BsjvAvZwZ, kwj cwZwU ^vaxbZv I mvgi RqMvb MvBZ i Kib| G mgq Zvi

mncvwV _vgvm Rdvmb nMi m eyZ nq| wicvewjKvbì mZvi hvMvhvM wQj| bvwKevì mg_b Av wWd Ae G_BRgcKvki `vq kxNB kwjK BDwbfvwmwU _K ewnvi Kiv nq|

kwji G AvPiY Zvi wcZv ggvnZ nb| kwj wbRI meZwePwjZ nb| wKzGB fe Avknb h gywPv cKvki Rb ZvKknx` nZ nqQ| Gici wZwb Zvi ey nMi m jb Pj hvb|mLvb jwRs _K cPzi covbv i Kib|


61/96

Mvb wdm 61

G mKnM ejb, ZLb kwj cZn lvj NUv Aaqb KiZb|RbvKxYivvq PjvKvjI GK nvZ GKwU eB PvLi mvgb aiv _vKZGes Aci nvZ AviKwU covi Rb cyZ _vKZ, hb GKwU eB kl

Ki Ab GKwU eBqi Rb Acv KiZ bv nq|kwji wQj Kbv-wejvmx gb| evjKvj _KB wZwb mewKQzZB

msvicZvkx wQjb| Bsjv cPwjZ AwaKvsk AvBbi cwZ Zvikveva wQj bv| cvjvgUK wZwb DU gb KiZb| agKI wZwbAev KiZb| Ggb wK ZvK weevn c_viI weivwaZv KiZ `Lvhvq| A_P kxNB ZvK G weevn c_vi wkKvi nZ nqQ|

ZLb kwji eqm Dwbk eQi| G eqm BsiR evjKMY megv yjZvM Ki _vK| Zvì `wnK MobI wKQzUv AcwiYZ _vK| KejnvZ-cvq eo IV| Ze kwji G eqm Abvbì gZv Qjwg^fve cwi nqwb| mgeqmxì Pq Zvi Rxebeva GKUzewk wQj|Ze Kvb wKQzmKZvi c~Yv aviYv wQj bv| eve Rxeb mKZvi aviYv nqZv mgeqmxì Pq wKQzUv ewk wKzeqì ZzjbvqAbK Kg wQj|

kZ wcZvi wbKU _K y Avw_K mnvqZv eZxZ kwji RxebaviYi Avi Kvbv Dcvq wQj bv| Zvi Pvi evb Kvdvg Kgvb

we`vjq nvj _K covbv KiZb| Zviv Zvì nvZLiP _KRwgq hZUv me kwji Rb A_ciY KiZb hb ZvK Dcevm bvKiZ nq| GB evbiv cvqB LvuR-Lei bqvi Rb Zvì fvBqim mvvr KiZb| Zvì gvagB lvj eQi eqmx evwjKv nvwiqU

IqeKi m kwji c_g cwiPq NU|

gvDU wU AewZ GK Kwd-nvDmi eevcK wQjb GKRbKv| Zvi bvg Ry IqeK| nqZ Zvi `wnK eYGes KZKgiRb Gic bvgKiY nq _vKe| KZKg ejZ k~b _K i KiGKUv KwdnvDmi eevcK nb| nvwiqU IqeK wQjb Zvi

Kbv| Avw_K ^QjZvi KviYB meZ Ggb GKUv fvj yj RyIqeK Zvi KbvK covZ ciwQjb| KviY mLvb kwji

evbì gZv ^Qj cwievii Qj-gqiv coZ|nvwiqU IqeKK AZeywgZx gb nZv| Aek lvjeQieqmi h Kvbv gq DwbkeQi eqmi h Kvbv Qji Pq GKUzekx cwiYZ nq| G KviYB meZ nvwiqUK kwji Pq AZ


64/96

Mvb wdm 64

RvwbqwQjb| yj hvIqvi cwieZ Zvi Niwb nIqvi civgk wZwbZvK Rvbvb|

G DU cwiwwZ AbKi wbKU nvmKi nZ cvi| nvwiqUi GK_v kvbv DwPZnqwb| wZwb Kb yj hvIqv e Kieb? Avi kwjKZv c_g _KB LvgLqvwj wnme `Lv hvq| ZLb Zvi eqm gv

Dwbk eQi| nvwiqUi eqm PjQ lvj eQi| Zvì msKU G eqmiDvc ej gb nq|

nvwiqUi yj hZ gb PvBZ bv| Zvi evev ZvK Rvi Ki yjcvVvZb| myZivs nvwiqUK G cwiwwZ _K Dvi Kiv kwj GKRb

BsiR bvBUi gZv KZe wnme weePbv Kib| G mgq wgm Mfbvg kwj Zvi KvwRbK fvjevmZb| wKz wZwb Mfi PqnvwiqUi wecbcwiwwZi w`K gbvwbek Kiv mgxPxb gb Kib|

Abygvb Kiv nq, nvwiqU I Zvi evev DkcYvw`Z nq GbvUKi AeZviYv Kib| Ry IqeK RvbZb h, kwj wekvjmwi fwelr DivwaKvix| wZwb GK mgq Zvi evevi Rwg`vwiigvwjK neb| G welqwU Zvì cfvweZ Ki _vKZ cvi|

hfveB nvK, Zvì Dk mdj nqwQj| AveMceY kwjic mvkbqbv nvwiqUK cZvLvb Kiv me nqwb| wZwb ZvK

mvnvhi Rb D`vi gb GwMq Avmb| Zvi Ai Aek nvwiqUivb Lye KgB wQj| Zvi ivgvwUK gb ZLbI MfK wbq iwOb cAvuKZ| G mgq kwji mviv eQii nvZLiP wQj gv `ykZ cvD| GcwiwwZZ kwj nvwiqUi m RywU evuab|

kwj I nvwiqU GwWbevMi Dkhvv Kib| Zvì G hvvwQj AZKvwKi I A^wKi| Ujvi G ivRavbxZ cuQ Zviv

GLvbKvi wbqg Abymvi weevneb Ave nb| ZLb Zviv Kc`Kkb|vbxq Rwg`vi `qvciek nq Zvì Rb GKwU K I QvU AvKviifvRmfvi eev Kib|

nvwiqU Zvi ^vgxi cwZfv weKvk Zgb Kvb ciYv hvMvZcvibwb| Ggb wK fvjevmvi gvag Zvi Ai wekl Kvb vbI wZwb

AwaKvi KiZ cvibwb| KLbv KLbv wZwb Zvi ^vgxi gvbwmK AevnqZ Dcjwi Pv KiQb Ges evSvZ PqQb h wZwb Zvi cKZmxbx| wKz Ggb AmgqvwPZ, AcwiYvg`kx I Amvgmc~Y `wZnZ Kx cZvkv Kiv hvq?


65/96

Mvb wdm 65

kwji G weevni msev` kvbvgv Zvi wcZv hUzKz nvZLiPcvVvZb ZvI wZwb y nq e Kib| Aciw`K nvwiUi wcZv RyIqeKI Zvì Rb Kvbic eq wbevn A^xKwZ vcb Kib|

wbicvq nq G ZiY`wZ wewfbvb Dknxbfve hvv KiZ_vKb| h_ LveviI RyUZ bv| Zviv AZ KvqKk Rxeb hvcb

KiZ _vKb| cUi ZvwM` Zviv FYM nq cob| gv^qAmnbxq cwiwwZi mw nZ _vK| Ggb wK G mgq Zvì GKAcii cwZ fvjevmvi DvcI nvm cZ _vK|

Pig nZvkvq kwj g` I Avwdgi mswgkY Zwi jWbvg MnY

KiZ _vKb| ^vgxi Drmvn nvwiqU h covkvbv KiZb ZvI wZwbe Kib| eis Zvi mgvRi wPicwiwPZ Amr m wj nb|G mgqZvi wbyi cKwZi I elwqK vbmbga eqv evb GwjRv ZvKkwji wei Aevb MnY civgk c`vb Kib| GZ kwj I

nvwiqUi mKi Z AebwZ NUZ _vK| GwjRv G Zvìm wegvZvmyjf AvPiY KiZ _vK| Zvi G AvPiY ZvìK AZcfvweZ Ki| nvwiqU civwPZ nq kwji wei Aevb MnY

Kib|G `ytmgq Zvì Ni bZzb AwZw_i AvMgb NU| beRvZKi K_v

fe kwj D`vi gb BsiR AvBb Abymvi wZxqevi weevnebAve nb| wKz Zvì mK cybivii G weevn KvbiLvcvZ KiQ ej gb nq bv| nvwiqUK Zvi mvbi cwZKvbic Avì-hZKiZ `Lv hvqwb| GZ kwj gvbwmKfveAZ

f cob| GK chvq GwjRvi civgk wkwUK b `vb KiZInvwiqU Abxnv cKvk Kib|cieZxZ kwji nvZ ek wKQzA_Avm| wKzG A_ nvwiqU I

Zvi evb GwjRv AcPq Kib| kwji cwZ nvwiqU Kvb gbvhvM`bwb| Gfve weevni wZb eQi kl GwjRvi civPbvq nvwiqU Zvi

^vgxK cwiZvM Ki jb Mgb Kib| mLvb _K wZwb ev_ MgbKib| G mgq nvwiqU AtmZv wQjb|

kwj I nvwiqUi `yfvMRbK weevni Gfve KiY mgvw NU|kwj AeMZ nb h nvwiqU Zvi cwZ wek bb| wZwb ZLb wKQzUvAveMekZ GK yj wkwKv wgm wnPbvii m cvjvc KiZ_vKb| wKz ZLb wZwb Rxebi cviB gvivZK gi wkKvi nq


66/96

Mvb wdm 66

Awi I AkwKi Rxeb hvcbi KviY ixwZgZ AvkvnZ| LvwZi kZLbv Zvi Rxeb Avmwb| Ggb mgq wKQzUv AwbevhfveB hb Kvivm Zvi mvvr NU| G mvvr Aviv AvM NUv DwPZwQj|

Z`vbxb cLvZ jLK I cMwZkxj `vkwbK DBwjqvg MWDBbicwZ QvRxeb _KkwjiMfxi kveva wQj| MWDBbi msmvi wQj

eo AyZ| Kvbic weevneb eZxZ wMjevU Bgjbvg GKRbAvgwiKvb eemvqx I gwi IjvbvdUi Ni dvwb Bgji Rbnq| cieZxZ MWDBb IjvbvdUK weevn Kib| G QvovMWDBbi m weevni c~e wZxq xi Rb KqvigU bvg GK Kbv

I GK cy wQj|1814 mvji Kvbv GK w`b kwj MWDBbi m mvvr Kib|mLvb 17 eQi eqmx GK evwjKvi m `Lv nq| Zvi myWj gv_v

wQj mvbvwj Pzj AveZ, gyL wQj nvjKv iwOb I w| Zvi wQj ckKcvj, DrmyK I nvjKv ev`vgx PvL| Zvi Pnvivq wQj my eywgviQvc| G Qvov wQj Clr ewg I Kgbxq Ivai| G evwjKvi bvg gwiMWDBb| Zvi gvqi wbKU _K cP gvbwmK gZv, AvZghv`v eva

I mykxj AvPiYi gZv Yvejx ARb Kib|c_g mvvZ k

Documents

Golden Fleece-KM Abdul Momin