Government. participation How governments determine citizen participation rolepower (role in government/power): 1.AUTOCRACY 2.OLIGARCHY 3.DEMOCRACY

Government

How governments determine citizen participation participation

(rolerole in government/powerpower):

1.1. AUTOCRACY AUTOCRACY

2.2. OLIGARCHY OLIGARCHY

3.3. DEMOCRACYDEMOCRACY

Citizen Participation

• Different governments decide Different governments decide a citizens’ a citizens’ rolerole in government in government differentlydifferently

• The government can share The government can share nonenone, , littlelittle, or , or mostmost of its of its power with its citizenspower with its citizens

Citizen’s Role (Power)NO

RIGHTS

MANY RIGHTS

•Voting

•Freedom of speech

•Freedom of religion

•Freedom of the press

3 main ways governments determine citizen citizen participationparticipation . . .

1. autocratic 2. oligarchic 3. democratic

DEMOCRATICrule by all

OLIGARCHIC rule by the few

AUTOCRATIC rule by one

Autocracy:

Oligarchy:

Democracy:

AutocraticAutocratic• Rule by One: One person has

unlimited power

• The citizen has almost no role in the government

• Ruler is a monarch (ex. King, Queen, Emperor) or dictator

OligarchyOligarchy•Rule by a Few (group): A small group has control

•The citizen has a very limited role

WARNING!Autocracy & Oligarchy

• Sometimes claim to rule for the people.• In reality, the people have very little say in both

types of government.• Example - may hold elections with only one

candidate or fake the election results• Example - even when these governments have a

legislature (branch that makes laws), they often only approve decisions made by the leaders.

Democracy•Rule by All: Citizens vote on

government representatives & on specific issues

•People have the most power•Ruler is usually a president

or prime minister

1. Now that you know the definitions, look at these three pictures.

2.Decide which government each picture matches.

3.Cut them out, glue them down next to the correct government.

AUTOCRATC rule by one

OLIGARCHIC rule by the few

DEMOCRATIC rule by all

Government Positive Negative

Autocracy

Oligarchy

Democracy

Balloon Demonstration

You (sticky note)= CITIZEN Balloon = POWERBalloon = POWERBag holder = RULERBag holder = RULERBe thinking . . . What kind of governmentgovernment are we representing with our actions?


Government #1 – Everyone giving up a balloon to ONE ONE ruler

Government #2 – Everyone giving up a balloon to a small GROUP GROUP of rulers

Government #3 - Everyone Everyone holding a balloon


Warm-up for 12.7.11

1.) Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy are three different types of governments that have to do with how ___________ participate in government2.) Autocracy – rule by ______ Oligarchy – rule by _____ Democracy – rule by _____

ANSWERS

1.) Autocracy, Oligarchy, and Democracy are three different types of governments that have to do with how citizens participate in government2.) Autocracy – rule by ONE Oligarchy – rule by FEW Democracy – rule by ALL


RIGHTS

•Voting




Democratic

(all)Autocratic

(one)Oligarchic

(few)

Please take out a blank sheet of paper and rip it into 3 equally-sized pieces

Think of one example from your own life for EACH type of government (autocracy, oligarchy, democracy)

Write 1 example per slip of paper DO NOT write the type of government

(autocracy, oligarchy, democracy) b/c your classmates will be guessing this

Staple the 3 slips of paper together. Staple them in a RANDOM ORDER.


RIGHTS

•Voting




Democratic

(all)Autocratic

(one)Oligarchic

(few)

Dictatorship

Absolute Monarchy

Theocracy

Communism

Republic

Constitutional

Monarchy


RIGHTS

•Voting




Autocratic(one)

Dictatorship

Absolute Monarchy

Examples of Autocratic Gov’tsDictatorshipsDictatorships

• Citizens unwillingly follow the ideas of a single leader

• The government controls all parts of citizens’ lives through military force or threats

• Citizens don’t have the power to change their ruler

• Examples- Hitler (Germany), Mussolini (Italy), Stalin (Russia), Hussein (Iraq)

Examples of Autocratic Gov’tsAbsolute Monarchy

• King, queen, or emperor has unlimited power

• Position is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives)

• People don’t have the power to limit their rulers

• Absolute monarchs are rare today but from the 1400s to the 1700s they ruled most of Western Europe

• Example – Saudi Arabia


RIGHTS

•Voting




Oligarchic(few)

Theocracy Communism

Examples of Oligarchy Theocracy

• Citizens may only elect leaders from a group of religious experts.

• Leaders claim to rule on the behalf of god.

• Elected religious experts make god’s laws into government laws

• EX: IRAN

Examples of OligarchyCommunism

• Citizens may only elect leaders from the Communist party

• The communist political group holds all the power in the government

• The communist government plans and controls the economy too

• EX: CHINA

Examples of OligarchyCommunism

• a single political party holds power• state controls are forced • NO private ownership of property • All goods are to be equally shared

by the people (ex. classless society)

Communism: The BeginningCommunism: The Beginning

• Began as a revolution to Began as a revolution to overthrow the rich and give overthrow the rich and give poor workers poor workers more wealth and more wealth and freedomfreedom

• END GOAL: an END GOAL: an EQUALEQUAL society society with no economic classes (EX. with no economic classes (EX. NO upper class, middle class, NO upper class, middle class, lower classes)lower classes)

Communism: The SymbolCommunism: The Symbol• Sickle & the HammerSickle & the Hammer

• Two tools are symbols of the industrial Two tools are symbols of the industrial workers and the farmersworkers and the farmers

• Placing them together symbolizes the Placing them together symbolizes the unity between industrial and agricultural unity between industrial and agricultural workersworkers

Mao ZedongMao ZedongCHINACHINA

Joseph StalinJoseph StalinSOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION

Vladimir LeninVladimir LeninSOVIET UNIONSOVIET UNION

Fidel CastroFidel CastroCUBACUBA Karl MarxKarl Marx

FOUNDERFOUNDER


RIGHTS

•Voting




Democratic

(all)

RepublicConstitutional

Monarchy

Examples of Democratic Gov’t

Republic

• Citizens elect representatives from any group to rule and make laws for them

• Citizens can vote out their leaders if they don’t like the way they are governing


Constitutional Monarchy• Monarch (King/Queen/Emperor) must

follow the laws of the constitution and usually has no government power

• Citizens elect representatives from any group to rule and make laws for them

• Citizens can vote out their leaders if they don’t like how they are governing

Warm-up for 12.8.11

Give 2 examples of each type of government: autocracy, oligarchy, and democracy


RIGHTS

•Voting




Democratic

(all)Autocratic

(one)Oligarchic

(few)

Dictatorship

Absolute Monarchy

Theocracy

Communism

Republic

Constitutional

Monarchy

The purpose of the figurehead was often to indicate the name of the ship or to demonstrate

the wealth and might of the owner.

FIGURE HEAD

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a6/Warrior_figure_de_proue.JPG


Constitutional Monarchy• Monarch →→ inherits title →→ has no real

power (figure-head)• Prime Minister/President →→ elected by

citizens →→ holds the real government power

How leaders get power . . . 1. You are receiving six pictures.

2. Each box illustrates how the leaders in each gov’t (dictatorship, republic, theocracy, etc.) get their power.

3. Figure out which illustration goes with each gov’t example and glue it down under the explanation.

Dictatorship

Absolute Monarchy

Theocracy

Communism

Republic

Constitutional

Monarchy

Leader gets power through military force

Leader gets power through relatives (inheritance)

Leader gets power through religious group

Leader gets power through political party

Leader gets power through citizen elections

Leader gets power through election (true power)

& inheritance (figure-head)


RIGHTS

•Voting




Democratic

(all)Autocratic

(one)Oligarchic

(few)

Dictatorship

Absolute Monarchy

Theocracy

Communism

Republic

Constitutional

Monarchy

Rule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issuesPeople have the most power

PresidentialPresidential

President

Parliament

Prime Minister

ParliamentaryParliamentary

Democratic

(all)

Republic

Constitutional Monarchy

2 main forms of democratic governments . . .1. Presidential2. ParliamentaryEach elects their Each elects their

government leaders government leaders differentlydifferently

Branches of Government

EXAMPLES•Congress (Senate & House of Representatives)•Parliament

EXAMPLES•Supreme Court•District courts & juries

EXAMPLES•President or Prime Minister•Vice President•Cabinets/Agencies - Departments of Agriculture, Defense, Education, Health, Homeland Security, Transportation, etc.

Enforces Laws - makes sure laws are carried out

Interprets laws – settles

arguments about laws

Makes laws

Separation of PowersIn 1787, the founding fathers wrote the Constitution, the document which establishes the basic principles of the American government.

The Constitution calls for a separation separation of powersof powers that divides the powers and duties of the government between three separate branches of branches of governmentgovernment.

Balance of PowerEach branch has its own responsibilities and at the same time the branches work together to make the country run smoothly and to assure that the rights of citizens are not ignored or disallowed.

This is done through checks and balances. A branch may use its powers to check the powers of the other two in order to maintain a balance of power balance of power among the three branches of government.

Presidential DemocracyCitizens vote for EVERY branch of gov’t

President

Parliamentary DemocracyCitizens DO NOT vote for Executive Branch

Parliament

Prime Minister

Presidential Democracy (definition)• Executive branch is independent

from the legislature• Head of the executive branch

(president) elected by citizens, not the legislature

Presidential Democracy(characteristics)

•Different branches of government (executive, legislative, judicial) are equal in power

•Leader is called a president•EXAMPLE U.S.A., Mexico, Brazil


PresidentPresident

Parliamentary Democracy (definition)

• executive branch is dependent on legislative branch (Parliament)

• Head of executive branch (Prime Minister) elected by the legislature, not the citizens

Parliamentary Democracy(characteristics)

•NO clear separation of powers between the executive and legislative branches

•Legislature makes most decisions

•Leader is called a prime minister


Parliament

Prime Minister

Examples of Parliamentary Democracy

U.K., Canada, Germany, Australia

What do you know?1. What is the main difference between a

Presidential Democracy and a Parliamentary Democracy?

• Presidential = executive branch (ex. President) is chosen by the citizens, not the legislature

• Parliamentary = executive branch (ex. Prime Minister) is chosen by the legislature (parliament)

2. Which form of democracy do you think allows for more citizen participation? Why?

• Presidential b/c citizens get to vote for all 3 branches of gov’t

AUTOCRATIC OLIGARCHIC DEMOCRATICRule by one Rule by the few Rule by all/many

•One person (ex. King, Emperor, Czar) possesses unlimited power•The citizen has limited, if any, role in governmentRuler gets power through inheritance or ruthless use of military & police powerExamples Dictatorships- Hitler, Mussolini, Stalin, SudanAbsolute Monarchy – King, queen, or emperor has unlimited powerPosition is usually inherited (from parents or other relatives)

•A small group exercises control, especially for corrupt and selfish purposes•The citizen has a very limited role•The ruling group gets its power from military power, wealth, religion or a combination.Political disagreement is usually suppressed (sometimes violently) Examples Theocracy - a government run by religious authorityCommunism - NO private ownership of property

•Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific issues•People have the most power Examples Republic – the people elect representatives, not the people themselves, to govern and make lawsConstitutional Monarchy –monarch must follow the laws of the constitutionmonarch is usually a figure-head, the real power rests with the legislature (Parliament/ Congress) who is elected by the citizens


President


Parliament

Prime Minister

DEMOCRACYRule by All: Citizens vote on government representatives & on specific

issuesPeople have the most power

Constitutional Monarchy

Republic

Presidential Democracy

President

Parliament

Prime Minister

Parliamentary Democracy

Documents

Government. participation How governments determine citizen participation rolepower (role in government/power): 1.AUTOCRACY 2.OLIGARCHY 3.DEMOCRACY