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3. Future Program. GPM Global Precipitation Measurement. From TRMM to GPM. 3. Future Program. NASA, JAXA and NICT. International Cooperation Mission. Cooperation(Expected partners) : NOAA(US),NASA(US),ESA(EU), CNES/ISRO(France/India) and others. GPM Overview. 2 satellites. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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GPM
Global Precipitation Measurement
3. Future Program
From TRMM to GPM
NASA, JAXA and
NICTInternational Cooperation
Mission
3. Future Program
Cooperation(Expected partners) : NOAA(US),NASA(US),ESA(EU), CNES/ISRO(France/India) and others
GPM Overview3. Future Program
• Mission:Core Satellite– Observation of rainfall
with more accurate and higher resolution
– Adjustment of data from constellation satellites
Constellation Satellites– More frequent
ObservationGPM – Global Observation
every 3 hours↓↓– Earth heating Earth heating
PhenomenaPhenomena– Study of Climate ChangeStudy of Climate Change– Improvement of Improvement of
forecasting systemforecasting system
Core Satellite Constellation Satellites
Orbit Sun-asynchronous
Sun-synchronous
Inclination Approx. 68 deg. Approx. 90 deg.
Altitude Approx. 600 km Approx. 600 km
Period Approx. 92 minutes
Approx. 100 minutes
Mission Instrument
DPR*GMI
Microwave Radiometer
Resolution
KuPR:245km
KaPR:120km
Approx. 800km
Range Res. 250m ---
Launch Date 2013 (TBD) ---
Mission of Life
3 years and 2 months
---
*DPR=Dual Frequency Radiometer 14GHz KuPR and 35GHz KaPR
2 satellites
8 satellites
GPM project status• Core satellite:
– GPM core launch schedule was slipped to June 2013 because of NASA budget problem
– Currently JAXA is in phase B. – JAXA proceed to phase C/D in JFY 2007.
• Constellation satellites:– A lot of changes!
• EGPM : disappeared• NPOESS : scale downed (reduced time orbit and CMIS)• NASA constellation : Non-sun synchronous (inclination 40°)
etc.– Microwave radiometers get fewer at the operation period of GPM
core.It is very difficult to achieve our objectives.We started to use not only microwave radiometer but also
microwave sounder data for precipitation map.
3. Future Program
GPM Related Meetings• Workshop:
– The 6th GPM International Planning Workshop,
*Date: 7-9 November 2006
*place: USA
3. Future Program
GCOM
Global Climate Observation Mission
3. Future Program
GCOM System OverviewGCOM-W & -C characteristics
ConfigurationGCOM-W GCOM-C
Orbit (TBD)
•Sun-synchronous•Altitude: 699.6km•Inclination: 98.19deg•Descending local time: 1:30
•Sun-synchronous•Altitude: 798km•Inclination: 99.36deg•Descending local time: 10:30
Instruments•AMSR2•SeaWinds F/O (-W2, -W3:TBD)
•SGLI
Launch Date 2010 2011Mission Life 5 years (3 satellites; total 13 years)Launch Vehicle H-IIA
3. Future Program
GCOM-W
Targets of GCOM-W/AMSR2 are water-energy cycle.
GCOM-W AMSR2 characteristics
Scan Conical scan microwave radiometer
Swath width 1450km
Antenna 2.0m offset parabola antenna
Digitalization 12bit
Incident angle Apporox. 55 degree
Polarization Vertical and Horizontal
Dynamic range 2.7-340K
Band(GHz)
Band width (MHz)
Polarization
Beam width [deg] (Ground
resolution [km])
Sampling interval
[km]
6.925 350
Vand
H
1.8 (35 x 62)
10
10.65 100 1.2 (24 x 42)
18.7 200 0.65 (14 x 22)
23.8 400 0.75 (15 x 26)
36.5 1000 0.35 (7 x 12)
89.0 3000 0.15 (3 x 5) 5
AMSR2
AMSR-2 will continue AMSR-E observations (water vapor, cloud liquid water, precipitation, SST, wind speed, sea ice concentration etc.).
If GCOM-W2, W3 has scatterometer,
GCOM-W scatterometer in afternoon orbit will increase time resolution and data coverage in combination with the METOP/ASCAT in morning orbit (to achieve every 6 hours observation).
3. Future Program
AMSR-Products (ADEOS-II)
Wind speed Wind speed (ocean)(ocean)
Sea ice Sea ice conc.conc.
Sea surface Sea surface temperaturetemperature
Snow depthSnow depth
Cloud Cloud liquid liquid waterwater
Water Water vapor vapor (ocean)(ocean)
PrecipitatiPrecipitationon
Soil Soil moisturemoisture
Products Comments
Integrated water vapor
Over global ocean*, columnar integrated value
Integrated cloud liquid water
Over global ocean*, columnar integrated value
Precipitation
Global (except over ice and snow), surface rain rate
Sea surface temperature *
Global ocean
Sea surface wind speed
Global ocean
Sea ice concentration
High latitude ocean areas
Snow depthLand surface (except dense forest regions)
Soil moisture
Land surface (except ice sheet and dense forest regions)
AMSR product table
GCOM-C
SGLI channels
CHλ Δλ Lstd Lmax IFOV
VN, P, SW: nmT: μm
VN, P: W/m2/sr/mT: Kelvin
m
VN1 380 10 60 210 250VN2 412 10 75 250 250VN3 443 10 64 400 250VN4 490 10 53 120 250VN5 530 20 41 350 250VN6 565 20 33 90 250VN7 670 10 23 62 250VN8 670 20 25 210 250VN9 763 8 40 350 1000
VN10 865 20 8 30 250VN11 865 20 30 300 250
P1 670 20 25 250 1000P2 865 20 30 300 1000
SW1 1050 20 57 248 1000SW2 1380 20 8 103 1000SW3 1640 200 3 50 250SW4 2210 50 1.9 20 1000T1 10.8 0.7 300 340 500T2 12.0 0.7 300 340 500
Visible & near infrared (VN) push-broom radiometer
Polarization muti-angle radiometer (P)
Shortwave (SW) & thermal infrared (T) scanning radiometerTargets of GCOM-C/ SGLI is surface and
atmospheric valuables related to carbon cycle and radiation budget.
SGLI will follow almost of the GLI observations (sea surface temperature, ocean color, aerosols, cloud, vegetation, snow/ ice, and so on). The new SGLI features (250m (VN) and 500m (T) channels and two polarization/ multi-direction channels (P)) will enable to improve land and coastal monitoring and retrieval of aerosol over land.
GCOM-C SGLI characteristics
ScanPush-broom electric scan (VN & P)Wisk-broom mechanical scan (SW & T)
Scan width1150km cross track (VN & P)1400km cross track (SW & T)
Digitalization 12bit
Polarization 3 polarization angles for P
Along track direction
+45 deg and -45 deg for PNadir for VN, SW and T
3. Future Program
GLI products on ADEOS-II
Land Land vegetationvegetation
Ocean Ocean chlorophyllchlorophyll
TOA radianceTOA radiance Snow Snow grain grain sizesize
Sea Sea surface surface temperaturtemperaturee
AerosolsAerosolsCloud Cloud optical optical thicknessthickness
water vapor water vapor (land)(land)
Target Product
Land
Geometric correction
Geometric correction by GCP
Surface reflectance
Land surface reflectance
Vegetation indexes (NDVI, EVI)
Atm
osphere
AerosolOcean aerosols (Tau, Alpha)
Cloud
Cloud flag (area, phase)
Cloud optical thickness (water/ice)
Ice cloud effective radius
Water cloud top height
Cloud top temperature (water/ice)
Cloud liquid water cloud
Cloud fraction
water vaporcolumn water vapor (over land)
Ocean
Ocean atmospheric correction
Normalized water leaving radiance
Ocean aerosols (Tau, Alpha)
Photosynthetically available radiation
In-water
chlorophyll-a concentration
Suspended solid concentration
Coloured dissolved organic matter
Attenuation coefficient at 490nm
temperature Sea surface temperature
Cryosphere
AreaCloud detection over snow/ice
Snow/ice covered area
Surface
Snow/ice surface temperature
Snow grain size
Snow impurities
GLI product table
Future marine exploration technology
・ Global environment problem・ GHG・ Understand of weather anomaly and climate change
Earth Observation
GOSATALOS GPM/DPR GCOM
CloudAerosol
GHG
Quasi-Zenith Satellite
Ocean color
Rainfall
・ Marine exploration under ocean bottom ・ Resource exploration by satellite and marine probe
Marine exploration
Deep sea drilling
Vegetation
Positioning
・ Disaster monitoring of earthquake, heavy rain etc. ・ Trench giant earthquake
Disaster Monitoring
Ocean windSST
Integ
ration
of o
bservatio
n d
ata
Users
Integrated dataset
Policy making
Data Data Integration Integration & Analysis& Analysis
Research institutes
Ministry and agency
緯度
経度時間
“Integrated Marine Exploration and Earth Observation System”Establishment of a fundamental system for Earth observation, disaster monitoring and marine exploration system as a national key technology for Japanese national security