Grammar: Attributive clause

My dream house is a villa. The villa is located in the centre of

a forest.

My dream house is a villa which is located in the centre of a forest.

ZGC is located in the north of BJ.ZGC is a new centre for Chinese

science and technology.

ZGC, which is located in the north of BJ, is a new centre for Chinese science and technology.

Jackie Chen is famous for his Kongfu movies.

Jackie Chen is loved by people in mainland China.

Jackie Chen, who is famous for his kongfu movies, is loved by people in mainland China.

引导定语从句的引导词有：

关系代词

指人who （主格）， whom（宾格）， whose （所有格）

指物 which （主，宾格）， whose （所有格）

指人或物 that

关系副词 when , where , why

who

I like the friends who/that like sports.

先行词是人 , 从句中缺少主语时 , 用 who 或 that

whom

He is the student whom/that I want to see.

先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时，用 whom 或 that 或省略（介词后不能用 that ）

whose 先行词是人，从句中缺少表示所属关系的定语时 , 用 whose

The lady whose handbagis red is my younger sister.

whose

先行词是物，且从句中缺少表示所属关系的定语时，用 whose或 the+ 名词 +of which

We study in the classroom whose door faces south.We study in the classroom of which the door faces south.

which

先行词是物 , 从句中缺少主语或宾语时 , 用 which 或that （介词后不可用 that ）作宾语时可以省略。

The earthquake which/that may cause great damage is a sudden shake of the earth’s surface.

that

Fetch me the dictionary which is lying on the desk.

在定语从句中可以指人也可以 指物，代替 who, whom, which, 在

从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语（不能 放在介词后面作介词宾语 ）

that

Chuck is a man ______________Wilson makes friends with in the film “Cast Away”

whom/that

with

1. I don’t like people who/ that throw litter.2. Here is the man who/whom/--- you are looking for.3. There’s a cat that/which scratched me.4. They live in a house which /that was built a year ago.5. I usually walk my dog in the park that/which is in the very center of the town.6. This is the girl whose father is a lawyer.7. This is a house whose/of which the windows face the south.

Do you still remember the chicken farm ____ we visited three months ago?

A.where B. when C. that D. what

—Do you have anything to say for yourselves?

—Yes, there's one point _____ we must insist on ．

A.why B. where C. how D ． /

Carol said the work would be done by October, ________personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which

Have you seen the film “Titanic”, ________leading actor is world-famous?A. its B. it's C. whose D. which

George Orwell, _____ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.

A.the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name

Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, ____ was very reasonable.

A.which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose

whom which

The boy whom Mike is speaking to is my classmate.

The boy to whom Mike is speaking is my classmate.

toto

I lost the pen which I had written several novels with.

I lost the pen with which I had written several

novels.

with

Point 1: 介词的选用

考虑两个因素1. 定语从句中先行词的搭配习惯I never forget the days during which I studied

hard. I never forget the day on which I went to

college.I never forget the year in which I went to

college.

days

day

year

Point 1: 介词的选用

2. 定语从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯Have you found the book for which I paid

$10?Have you found the book on which I spent

$10?Have you found the book about which she

often talks?

paid

spent

talks

Exercises

1.The man ________I shook hands just now is my son’s English teacher.

2.A desert is a great plain _______ nothing will grow.

3.This is my pair of glasses, __________ I cannot see clearly.

4.The girl ________ he spoke didn’t answer.

with whom

in which

without which

to whom

只能用 which 的情况：

逗号后面只能用 which.

The building, which has a large stone tower and thick stone walls, is one of the most famous buildings in the world.

只能用 which 的情况：

介词后面只能用 which

This is the city in which he was born.

只能用 that 的情况：

先行词是不定代词 , 如 all, little, much, anything, everything, nothing, none, no one, 等。

Is there anything that you want?

先行词被 all, every, no, some, any, little, much, the same, the only, the very,

the right, the last 所修饰时

The only thing that he

remembered was her name.

只能用 that 的情况：

先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时

This is the first film that I’ve seen since I came here.

只能用 that 的情况：

先行词中既有人又有物时

They talked about the teachers and the things （ that ） they

remembered in the school.

只能用 that 的情况：

when ， where , why/ which, that

May 1st is the day I was born.

May 1st is the date I will never forget.

when

which/that

on the day

the day

时间状语

宾语

Beijing is the place I was born.

Beijing is the place I visited last year.

where

which/that

the place

in the place 地点状语

宾语

when ， where , why/ which, that

This is the reason _______ he was late for school today.

This is the reason ___________ he explained for his absence from school.

why

that/ which

the reason

for the reason 原因状语

宾语

when ， where , why/ which, that

when , where , why

May 1st is the day I was born.

Beijing is the place I was born.

This is the reason I came late.

when

where

why

or

or

（ on which ）

（ in which ）

or

or （ for which ）

非限定性定语从句

定义：是主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句并不影响主句意思的明确与完整。

一般用逗号与主句分开。Tom passed the examination, which

pleased his parents. As is known to all, he is one of the best

writers in the 20th century. 关系代词不能用 that

非限定性定语从句

The man, who was standing nearby, saw what happened.

The man who/ that was standing nearby saw what happened.

定语从句中的特殊情况

This is the city in which he was born. This is the city where he was born. This is the city that/which he

wanted to pay a visit to. This is the city to which he wanted

to pay a visit.

定语从句中的特殊情况 (such)

David is such a good boy that everyone likes him.

David is such a good boy as everyone likes.

定语从句中的特殊情况 (the way)

He was very angry and I still remember the way _________________ he spoke to me.

I don’t like the way _________________ he settled the problem.

that / in which / -----

that / in which / -----

定语从句中的特殊情况

Is this the factory _____________you first met your best friends?

This is the factory _____________you first met your best friend.

Is this factory _______________ you visited last year?

This factory is _______________ you visited last year.

where/ in which

where/ in which

the one (that)

the one (that)

定语从句中的特殊情况

Is this the same problem ______they faced several years ago?

This is the same problem _____they faced several years ago.

Is this problem similar to ___________ you visited last year?

This problem is similar to ____________ you visited last year.

that

that

the one (that)

the one (that)

定语从句中的特殊情况

He made another wonderful discovery ____________ is of great importance to science.

He made another wonderful discovery _________________ is of great importance to science.

that / which

that / which (I think)