Green Buildings and Renewable Heating and …six6.region-stuttgart.de/sixcms/media.php/773/2_01_dai_yanjun.pdfGreen Buildings and Renewable Heating and Cooling Concepts ... Solar cooling,

Green Buildings and Renewable Green Buildings and Renewable Heating and Cooling Concepts Heating and Cooling Concepts

in Chinain China

Yanjun DaiYanjun DaiShanghai Jiao Tong University,

Shanghai, China09/17/2010

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityContents

Demands in China: Why sustainable Demands in China: Why sustainable development?development?

Development of Green Building Development of Green Building

Renewable heating and cooling technologiesRenewable heating and cooling technologies

2

Renewable heating and cooling technologiesRenewable heating and cooling technologies

Application of Renewable energy in buildingsApplication of Renewable energy in buildings

SummarySummary

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the worldCO2 emission of the world

Total GHG Emissions in 2004

(excludes land use change)

CO2

Country MtCO2 Rank% of

World Total

Tons CO2

Per PersonRank

United States

of America5,888.7 (1) 19.80% 20.1 (7)

China 5,204.8 (2) 17.50% 4.0 (73)

3

China 5,204.8 (2) 17.50% 4.0 (73)

European

Union (25)4,017.1 (3) 13.51% 8.8 (37)

Russian

Federation1,575.3 (4) 5.30% 11.0 (24)

Japan 1,304.2 (5) 4.39% 10.2 (28)

India 1,199.0 (6) 4.03% 1.1 (122)

Germany 856.6 (7) 2.88% 10.4 (27)

United

Kingdom551.3 (8) 1.85% 9.2 (35)

Canada 549.1 (9) 1.85% 17.2 (10)

Korea (South) 507.0 (10) 1.71% 10.5 (26)

Shanghai Jiao Tong University

Warming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 yearsWarming trend of China in 50 years

4

In the past 50 years, the average temperature of the china’s mainland increases by about 0.68℃.

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityEnergy supply Comparison

Different from the other countries, in China, almost 70% energy supply comes from Coal.

Energy consumption in building section occupies about 1/3 of the total.

5

about 1/3 of the total.

Optimizing the energy supplying structure and clean energy, renewable technologies are important.

…

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityChallenges

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

1 2 32002 2010 2020

l i gh t i ngl i gh t i ngl i gh t i ngl i gh t i ng

14%14%14%14%

heat i ngheat i ngheat i ngheat i ngcool i ngcool i ngcool i ngcool i ng

65%65%65%65%

hothothothotwat erwat erwat erwat er

15%15%15%15%

cook i ngcook i ngcook i ngcook i ng6%6%6%6%

6

80% new building: high energy consumption

Only 10－－－－15％％％％ meet the national standards

95% old building: high energy consumption

Construction area（billion*0.1m2）

2002 2010 2020


Changing of Shanghai

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Solar thermal industry in ChinaSolar thermal industry in China

Development of solar cooling and heating Development of solar cooling and heating technologiestechnologies

8

Application of solar energy in buildingsApplication of solar energy in buildings

SummarySummary

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityMajor technologies in China

Silica-gel water adsorption chiller

Two stage LiBr-water absorption chiller

Novel configuration of desiccant cooling system

Small size single effect absorption chiller

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Small size single effect absorption chiller

……


Parameters Performance Unit

10

Parameters Performance Unit

Cooling power 8.5 kW

Chilled water 10 ºC

Chilled water flow rate 1.5 t/h

Cooling water inlet 32 ºC

Cooling water flow rate 5 t/h

Hot water inlet 85 ºC

Hot water flow rate 3.6 t/h

COP 0.4

Weight 1.5 t

Power AC 2Φ-220V-50Hz

� Solar adsorption Chiller

� Powered by 55－85oC hot water；

� Suitable to be driven by solar water heater or waste heat from other sources；

� Small mass production

� 10 kW, 20kW,50kW,100kW,200kW

Shanghai Jiao Tong University5kW silica-gel adsorption chiller

11


Solar cooling, heating hybrid system in a Green Building

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• 2 silica gel water chillers• 150 m2 of U-type ETC; • TGer. = 55-85 °C

⇒ QC = 15 kW, Solar COP=0.15


Solar coolingused to cool a grain depot in China(2004)

•Solar powered water-heating unit:

•50 m2 of

10kW adsorption chiller

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•50 m2 of evacuated tube collectors

•5kW cooling

0.044 0.048 0.052 0.056 0.060

25

30

35

40

45

50

55

60

η i / %

( Tc-in

-Tam

) /I(t) / (m2·0C/W)

测试值线性拟合曲线

0 500 1000 1500 20000

2

4

6 Q

c COP

cycle

Time (s)

Coo

ling

capa

city

(kW

)

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

CO

P cycl

e


Solar grain cooling (adsorption chiller) (2005) (almost the same as last year)

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Solar adsorption cooling in grain depot(2006)

15Yangzhou (2006) Suqian (2006)


Pavilion of National state power company

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2 adsorption chillers are used


Two-stage LiBr water absorption chiller

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70kW two stage absorption chiller（Guangzhou, China,1994）

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySolar driven two stage absorption cooling project in Jiangmen,

Guangdong, China(1997)

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� solar flat plate collectors: 500m2

� Hot water: 75℃; � chilled water: 9 ℃� Cooling capacity: 100kW� Auxiliary heat source: Oil boiler


Solar absorption cooling in Tianpu Co., Beijing, China(2003)

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Solar absorption cooling in Beijing Solar energy institute

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360kW solar cooling project (heat pipe solar collector)

Solar cooling Project in Qingdao


Solar +waste heat absorption cooling project in QingDao Olympics center

� solar flat plate collectors: 600 m2

� Hot water: 75-90 ℃; � chilled water: 12-15 ℃

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℃

� chilled water: 12-15 ℃� Cooling capacity: 600 kW� Auxiliary heat: waste heat

from power station


Solar air conditioning in Himing Group

Collector area: 9188m^2

Absorption chiller

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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityHaiTai Information Plaza, Tianjin

天津市新技术产业园区海泰信息广场

23Broad solar absorption cooling

It is not so successful and stopped till now.


Hybrid VCS/Two-stage desiccant cooling driven by solar flat plate water collector

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� Cooling capacity of TSDC: 10 kW� Flat plate solar collector� Collector area: 90 m2 (72m2 was used during test)


Two-stage Solar DCS Installed in Jiangsu, China

TSDC

25

TSDC

VAC


Two-stage Solar DCS using air collector in Shandong, China

� Cooling capacity: 20 kW � Solar air Collector� Collector area: 140 m2

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Solar driven ORTS desiccant cooling

50℃℃℃℃～～～～90℃℃℃℃ heat resource

27

regeneration

Thickness

Rotation speed

• Thermal COP > 1Thermal COP > 1Thermal COP > 1Thermal COP > 1• Convert more than 50% Convert more than 50% Convert more than 50% Convert more than 50%

solar radiation to solar radiation to solar radiation to solar radiation to capability of capability of capability of capability of dehumidificationdehumidificationdehumidificationdehumidification

Shanghai Jiao Tong University System Design

DW

HS

DEC

CHE

SA

EA

DECRA

CHEDW

EAHS

AA

EAEA AA

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Processside

Reg.side

(a) TSDC

45

Processside

Reg. side

Processside Reg.

side

(b) OTSDC

EA EAEA AA

AA

AA

SADEC

RADEC

DECRA

EA

EACHE

HS

AA

HS

CHE

DW

TS

DC

OTSDC

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySmall size solar absorption chiller

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17kW single effect absorption chiller


Solar NH3-H2O absorption chiller

NH3-H2O absorption chiller

（air cooled）

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NH3-H2O absorption chiller（water cooled）

（air cooled）

Solar collector

The two stage NH3-H2O absorption chiller can be driven by 85oC heat resource，COP=0.4, chiller water temperature is about 15℃.

Air cooled 2 stage system




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SummarySummary

Shanghai Jiao Tong University Roof solar Roof solar collectorcollector

Year round Year round Hot waterHot water

Solar coolingSolar coolingSolar heatingSolar heatingsummersummerWinterWinter

Enhanced Enhanced ventilationventilation

Enhanced Enhanced ventilationventilation

springspringAutumnAutumn

activeactive

passivepassive

ActiveActive

passivepassive

Natural Natural lightinglighting

Reasonable Reasonable windowwindow

concentratorconcentrator＋＋light fiberlight fiber

Energy Energy storagestorage

Energy Energy controlcontrol

Sensible Sensible heatheat

Latent Latent heatheat

Chemical Chemical

shadingshading

Building integrated solar energy utilizationBuilding integrated solar energy utilization

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BIPVBIPV

Power Power supplysupply

Grid Grid connectedconnected

lightinglighting

Chemical Chemical energyenergy

New New materialsmaterials

New New technologytechnology

Other natural Other natural energy energy

sources or sources or assisted assisted energyenergy

Steady energy Steady energy supplysupply


The green building in Shanghai (2004)

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The solar cooling project in green building has been listed in “Wisions of sustainability “ in Germany

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityUse of solar thermal

FunctionsAir conditioning in summer

Floor radiation heating in winter

Hot water supply

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Hot water supply for the whole year

Natural ventilation in spring & autumn To solar

chimneyTo floor heating

To AC terminals

In Shanghai, our experience shows that the solar fraction of this system is about 60%.

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySolar heating, cooling hot water supplying and

enhanced natural ventilation system

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� Heating area 390m2, heating capacity 25kW, cooling capacity 15kW。� Solar collector：150 m2

� Adsorption chiller：SWAC-10（（（（SJTU））））� Year round solar fraction is about 60%;

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityGREEN ENERGY LAB in SJTU (GEL)GREEN ENERGY LAB in SJTU (GEL)

36GEL outside look

Shanghai Jiao Tong University12 key technologies in GEL

super low energyresidential building

Integration technology

BIPV fresh airtotal heat exchanger

building automation radiant heating

and cooling

G E L

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solar air conditioner

residentialheat pump

energy centerSolar/CO2

heat pump hot water

movable macro-CCHP

GHPPCM

GCHP

total heat exchangerG E L

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityHeating and cooling in GEL

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Zero energy house (third floor)

Scheme 1

bed air conditioner

heat pumpWater heater

cooling radiant ceiling

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(carbon dioxide)

heating radiant floor

Solar cooling

central controller

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPower control

PV module Inverter 1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0

Power meter

Controller

40

Wind turbine Inverter

1 2 3

4 5 6

7 8 9

0

Power meterGEL apartment

Controller

Grid

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityUse in World Expo’2010

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Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySustainable energy technologies

Solar PV and thermalSolar PV and thermalNew energy carSemiconductor lightingEcological plantingRiver water source and ground source heat River water source and ground source heat

42

River water source and ground source heat River water source and ground source heat pumppumpNon-hazardous disposal, minimization and resource recovery technologies for waste treatment…


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�中国馆中国馆中国馆中国馆 China PavilionSolar PV, rain water recovery, Ice cold storage technologiesSolar PV, rain water recovery, Ice cold storage technologies


Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, Expo center will be approved with LEED certification, 52% hot water are from solar collectors52% hot water are from solar collectors52% hot water are from solar collectors52% hot water are from solar collectors....

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The Expo boulevard under construction

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the Sunlight Valley, leading sunlight

into underground and collecting

rainwater for recycled use


46

River source heat pump cooling and heatingNatural lightingWater & heat recovery……

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityPerformance center

47

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityComprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Comprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Comprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Comprehensive Renovation Project of the Nanshi Power Plants Power Plants Power Plants Power Plants

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� Solar PV� Wind turbine� Water resource heat

pump� Active natural lighting� Natural ventilation� Green materials� Water recovery� LED lighting


1. 太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案太阳能光伏发电技术实施方案Implementing scheme of Solar PV technology

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50


SummarySummary


Roadmaps of solar air conditioning technologies

Objectives in the near future • Solar cooling units suitable for use of solar hot water supply

and heating system;

• Development of small capacity solar cooling units;

• Integration with building energy systems.

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• Integration with building energy systems.

• Cost and size reduction…

Long term plan• Low cost and high efficiency;

• Developed industry for solar cooling products and services;

• Important role among the sustainable cooling technologies.

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityApplication prospect

If the solar collectors can be used efficiently for cooling, 0.2 billion ㎡solar collector can produce cooling with technology advancement is shown in the table below. (I=700W/㎡)

Time (solar collector，

℃

COPsolar Cooling capacity (kW)

Daily cooling

Number of AC unit

Conditioned area（AC

52

collector，80℃)

capacity (kW) cooling time

(sunny day)（h）

AC unit（1.5HP）COP＝3

area（AC load=100W/m2）

present 0.15 21 million 5～8 h 6 million 0.21 billion ㎡

After 5 years

0.25 35 million 6～8 h 10 million 0.35 billion ㎡

After 10 years

0.35 49 million 7～8 h 14 million 0.49 billion ㎡

Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversitySummary

Undergoing a process of industrialization and urbanization, China faces huge pressure on the environment.

Being one of the biggest developing Country, China has to pave its way towards sustainable development, especially in the energy supplying field.

53

especially in the energy supplying field.

Energy consumption in building section is huge for China, and must be transferred towards sustainable development ASAP.

Building integrated solar energyBuilding integrated solar energy utilization is a good way towards sustainables in the coming future.

Thank Youfor Your Attention!

Documents

Green Buildings and Renewable Heating and …six6.region-stuttgart.de/sixcms/media.php/773/2_01_dai_yanjun.pdfGreen Buildings and Renewable Heating and Cooling Concepts ... Solar cooling,