Gross Anatomy

Skull and brain

1/21/10

Identify the Bone

Mandible

Maxilla

Zygomatic Bone

Temporal Bone

Frontal Bone

Identify the Landmark

Mental Foramen

Infraorbital Foramen

Supraorbital Notch(Foramen)

Identify the Bone

Parietal

Occipital

Temporal

Frontal

Zygomatic

Maxilla

Mandible

Sphenoid

“PEST OF 6”

Parietal Ethmoid Sphenoid Temporal Occipital Frontal

Identify the Landmark

External OccipitalProtuberance

External AuditoryMeatus

Zygomatic Process(Temporal Bone)

Temporal Process(Zygomatic Bone)

Condylar Process(Mandible)

Coronoid Process(Mandible)

Ramus of the Mandible

Mental Foramen

Styloid ProcessMastoid Process

Identify the Bone

Occipital Bone

Temporal Bone

Sphenoid Bone

Frontal BoneEthmoid Bone

Identify the Landmark

Hypoglossal Canal

Jugular Foramen

Carotid Canal

Foramen Lacerum

Foramen Spinosum

Foramen OvaleGreater Wing of the Sphenoid

Lesser Wing of the Sphenoid

Optic CanalCrista Galli

Cribiform plate

Foramen Magnum

More Foramina (and what runs through them)

Optic Canal•Optic Nerve (II)•Ophthalmic artery

Foramen Ovale•Mandibular Nerve (V3)•Accessory meningeal artery

Foramen Spinosum•Middle meningeal artery

Carotid Canal•Internal carotid artery•Internal carotid nerve plexus

Jugular Foramen•Glossopharyngeal Nerve (IX)•Vagus Nerve (X)•Accessory Nerve (XI)•Sigmoid sinus•Posterior Meningeal ArteryHypoglossal Canal•Hypoglossal Nerve (XII)

Things we didn’t see yet…

Superior Orbital Fissure Oculumotor nerve (III),

Trochlear nerve (IV), Ophthalmic nerve (V1), Abducens nerve (VI), Superior ophthalmic vein

Foramen Rotundum Maxillary nerve (V2)

Internal Auditory Meatus Facial nerve (VII),

Vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), Labyrinthine artery

SOF

FRIAM

OVALE:

Otic ganglion (just inferior) V3 cranial nerve Accessory meningeal artery Lesser petrosal nerve Emissary veins

Identify the Structure

Cingulate GyrusCorpus Callosum Fornix

Central Sulcus

Parieto-Occipital Sulcus

Septum Pellucidum

Anterior Commisure

Identify the Structure

Cingulate GyrusCorpus Callosum Fornix

Central Sulcus

Parieto-Occipital Sulcus

Septum Pellucidum

Anterior Commisure

Massa Intermedia

Pineal Body

Mammillary Body

Hypophysial Stalk

Fourth Ventricle

Identify the StructurePrimary Fissure

TonsilNodule

Cranial nerves

Olfactory (I)

Optic (II)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Trigeminal (V)

Abducens (VI)Facial (VII)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Vagus (X)Hypoglossal (XII)

Accessory (XI)

Mnemotechnics on cranial nerves "On Old Olympus Towering Tops, A Finn And German Viewed Some Hops":From I to XII: Olfactory Optic Occulomotor Trochlear Trigeminal Abducens Facial Auditory [or Vestibulocochlear] Glossopharyngeal Vagus Accessory [or Spinal root of the accessory] Hypoglossal

Alternatively:"Oh! Oh! Oh! To Touch And Feel A Girls Vagina, Ah! Heaven!". Alternatively: "Oh, Oh, Oh, To Touch And Feel Virgin Girls Vaginas And Hymens".

Make some new (that will be more stable in your own mental environment)!

Again!Olfactory (I)

Optic (II)

Oculomotor (III)

Trochlear (IV)

Trigeminal (V)

Abducens (VI)

Facial (VII)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)

Glossopharyngeal (IX)& Vagus (X)

Hypoglossal (XII)

Cranial nerves: sensory, motor or both

"Some Say Marry Money But My Brother Says Big Brains Matter More"

From I to XII: Sensory Sensory Motor Motor Both Motor Both Sensory Both Both Motor Motor

Name the Function!Olfactory (I)- smell

Optic (II)- sight

Oculomotor (III)- eyelid & eyeball movement

Trochlear (IV)- turns eye down/out (sup. obl.)

Trigeminal (V)- chewing, face touch and pain

Abducens (VI)- turns eye laterally (lat. rectus)

Facial (VII)- controls most facial expressions, tears and saliva, taste (ant. 2/3)

Vestibulocochlear (VIII)- hearing, equilibrium

Glossopharyngeal (IX)- taste (post. 1/3), senses carotid BP

Vagus (X)- senses aortic BP, slows heart rate, stimulates digestive organs taste

Hypoglossal (XII)- controls tongue movement

Cavernous sinus content O TOM CAT: O TOM are lateral wall

components, in order from superior to inferior.

CA are the components within the sinus, from medial to lateral. CA ends at the level of T from O TOM.

See diagram.

Occulomotor nerve (III) Trochlear nerve (IV) Ophthalmic nerve (V1) Maxillary nerve (V2) Carotid artery Abducent nerve (VI)

T: When written, connects to the T of OTOM

Name the Function!

Accessory (XI)- controls trapezius and sternocleidomastoid

Question

Which structure carries fibers with motor and sensory information from the cortex?A.

B.

C. A

B

C

Answer

Which structure carries fibers with motor and sensory information from the cortex?A.

B.

C. A

B

C

Question

During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor accidentally drops a jelly bean into the patient’s skull, where it becomes lodged in the marked structure. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Difficulty swallowing

B. Difficulty chewing

C. Drifting of eyes inward

D. Partial loss of vision

E. Diarrhea

Answer

During a rare and complicated surgery, a doctor accidentally drops a jelly bean into the patient’s skull, where it becomes lodged in the marked structure. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Difficulty swallowing

B. Difficulty chewing

C. Drifting of eyes inward

D. Partial loss of vision

E. Diarrhea

Question

During another procedure, the same careless doctor accidentally transects the nerve running through the marked hole. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Partial loss of taste

sensation

B. Tongue deviates left

C. Tongue deviates right

D. Left shoulder drop

E. Right shoulder drop

F. Diarrhea

Answer

During another procedure, the same careless doctor accidentally transects the nerve running through the marked hole. Which of the following symptoms will the patient display?A. Partial loss of taste

sensation

B. Tongue deviates left

C. Tongue deviates right

D. Left shoulder drop

E. Right shoulder drop

F. Diarrhea

Question

During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210 accidentally transects the marked nerve. What symptom will his droopy-chinned patient have?A. Difficulty chewing

B. Difficulty swallowing

C. Tongue deviation

D. Shoulder weakness

E. Diarrhea

Answer

During a routine chin lift, Dr. 90210 accidentally transects the marked nerve. What symptom will his droopy-chinned patient have?A. Difficulty chewing

B. Difficulty swallowing

C. Tongue deviation

D. Shoulder weakness

E. Diarrhea

Question

Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate a nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a student asleep and severs the indicated nerve. What sign did she need to take a picture of?A. Right-sided medial eye deviation

B. Left-sided medial eye deviation

C. Right-sided drooping

eyelid

D. Left-sided drooping

eyelid

E. Lower face paralysis

Answer

Dr. Garner needs a picture in order to illustrate a nerve lesion during her lecture. She finds a student asleep and severs the indicated nerve. What sign did she need to take a picture of?A. Right-sided medial eye deviation

B. Left-sided medial eye deviation

C. Right-sided drooping

eyelid

D. Left-sided drooping

eyelid

E. Lower face paralysis

Question

What is the gross brain structure indicated by the arrow?A. Caudate nucleus

B. Globus Pallidus

C. Hippocampus

D. Putamen

E. Thalamus

Answer

What is the gross brain structure indicated by the arrow?A. Caudate nucleus

B. Globus Pallidus

C. Hippocampus

D. Putamen

E. Thalamus

Question

From whence do most of the neurons in the marked structure come?A. Left red nucleus

B. Right red nucleus

C. Left pontine nuclei

D. Right pontine nuclei

E. Left lower limb

F. Right lower limb

G. Left fastigial nucleus

H. Right fastigial nucleus

Answer

From whence do most of the neurons in the marked structure come?A. Left red nucleus

B. Right red nucleus

C. Left pontine nuclei

D. Right pontine nuclei

E. Left lower limb

F. Right lower limb

G. Left fastigial nucleus

H. Right fastigial nucleus

Question

Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of the skull shown?A. Frontal

B. Parietal

C. Temporal

D. Occipital

Answer

Which lobe of the cerebrum sits in the region of the skull shown?A. Frontal

B. Parietal

C. Temporal

D. Occipital