Guide Crocodile Chemistry

8/9/2019 Guide Crocodile Chemistry

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HNG DN PHN MM CROCODILE CHEMISTRY

ThS. Nguyn Vn TrcPh trng phng GD & T huyn Chu c, BR-VT

Email: [email protected]

Trong thp nin cui th k 20 v nhng nm u th k 21, vi s tin b

vt bc ca k thut my tnh, nhiu phn mm ng dng h tr cho vicnghin cu, tnh ton, m phng trong nhiu lnh vc khoa hc k thut trong

c b mn ho hc. Hin nay phn mm ho hc c nhiu v rt a dng c

vit vi mc ch khc nhau, t nhng phn mm ho lng t cao cp 40-50

MB n cc phn mm n gin nh chun ch vi trm KB . Tt c cc phn

mm ny u l ca nc ngoi v du nhp vo Vit Nam bng nhiu con ng.

Chnh v vy m vic nghin cu, ng dng chng trong ging dy, hc tp cn

gp nhiu tr ngi v hn ch.Nm hc 2008-2009 l nm hc y mnh vic ng dng CNTT trong gio

dc, gip cc thy c lm quen v s dng mt s phn mm ho hc v ngdng chng trong cng tc dy hc v nghin cu. Xin gii thiu:

Phn mm m phng cc th nghim ch yu cho cc phn ng v c lphn mm Crocodile Chemistry.

Phn mm m phng (simulation) Crocodile Chemistry.

Hnh .1. Giao din phn mm Crocodile Chemistry


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y l phn mm m phng v cc th nghim ho hc rt a dng. Phn mm

sn hn mt trm th nghim c thit k tham kho v mi ch

chung ca ho hc ph thng v mt ch m rng. Cc thit k ny d dng

cho bn trong vic tham kho t thit k cc th nghim m phng trong

chng trnh ho hc ph thng.

I- Gii thiu cc cng c v cch s dng

Thanh Tools bar gm c 16 nt thit k cc TN m phng khc nhau gm c:

Xo i tng chn Tm cht ch th

Tm cc kim loi Tm mt s cht kh

Tm cc axit, baz Tm cc dng c thu tinh

Tm cc oxit Tm mt s dng c khc

Tm cc mui clorua vsunfit

Mt s dng c o

Tm cc mui cacbonat vnitrat

Vi nc

Tm mui sunfat v mt smui khc

Thit k th

Tm mt s cht khc Thc hin v tm dngchng trnh

II- Ho cht( Chemicals)

Theo th t t tri sang phi l cc nt tm ho cht: Kim loi, axit v kim,oxit, mui halogen v sunphit , Mui cc bonat v nitrat , Mui photphat,

sunphat, crom mat, mt s cht khc, cht ch th v cui cng l cc kh.

Ho cht c th l dng thi (Solid:rod), dng ht (Solid:medium powder),

dng bt mn (Solid:fine powder), bt th (Solid: coarse powder), dng lng

(liquid), dng kh (gas), dng dung dch (solution) v cc thuc th.

Sau y l bng ho cht v trng thi vt l ca cc cht c trong phn mm.

1- Kim loi :

STT Kim loi K hiu dng thi Dng bt mn, th Dng lng

1- Potassium K x

2- Sodium Na x

3- Magnesium Mg x

4- Aluminium Al x x


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5- Zinc Zn x x

6- Iron Fe x x

7- Lead Pb x x

8- Copper Cu x x

9- Silver Ag x x

10- Mercury Hg x

11- Gold Au x x

12- Platinum Pt x x

2-Axit v kim dng dung dch(solution):

Axit CTPT Kim CTPT

Sulphuric Acid H2SO4 Potassium Hydroxide KOH

Hydrochloric Acid HCl Barium Hydroxide Ba(OH)2

Nitric Acid HNO3 Calcium Hydroxide Ca(OH)2

Phosphoric Acid H3PO4 Sodium Hydroxide NaOH

Ethanoic Acid CH3COOH Ammonia Solution Nc amoniac

3- Cc oxitCalcium oxide CaO Copper oxide CuO

Magnesium oxide MgO Silver oxide Ag2O

Aluminium oxide Al2O3 Mercury oxide HgO

Zinc oxide ZnO Manganese dioxide MnO2

Lead oxide PbO Silicon dioxide SiO2

Iron oxide FeO

4- Mui halogen v sun phuaStt Tn hp cht CTHH Dng bt, TT Dng dd

1. Potassium chloride KCl x x2. Barium chloride BaCl2 x x

3. Sodium chloride NaCl x x

4. Cobalt chloride CoCl2 x x

5. Copper(II) chloride CuCl2 x x

6. Silver chloride AgCl x


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7. Ammonium chloride NH4Cl x x

8. Potassium iodide KI x x

9. Lead bromide PbBr2 x

10. Zinc sulphide ZnS x

11. Iron sulphide FeS x

12. Lead sulphide PbS x

13. Mercury sulphide HgS x

5-Mui cacbonat v nitrat:

Stt Tn hp cht CTHH Dng bt, TT Dng dd

1- Calcium carbonate CaCO3 x

2- Sodium carbonate Na2CO3 x x

3- Magnesium carbonate MgCO3 x

4- Copper carbonate CuCO3

x

5- Sodiumhydrogencarbonate

NaHCO3 x

6- Potassium nitrate KNO3 x x

7- Sodium nitrate NaNO3 x x

8- Lead nitrate Pb(NO3)2 x x

9- Silver nitrate AgNO3 x x

10- Ammonium nitrate Al(NO3)3 x

6-Mui photphat, sun phat, crom mat

Stt Tn hp cht CTHH Dng bt,

TT

Dng dd

1- Sodium sulphate Na2SO4 x x

2- Magnesium sulphate MgSO4 x x

3- Zinc sulphate ZnSO4 x x

4- Iron sulphate FeSO4 x

5- Copper sulphate CuSO4 x x6- Hydrated Copper sulphate CuSO4.5H2O x

7- Sodium sulphite Na2SO3 x x

8- Sodium thiosulphate Na2S2O3 x x

9- Sodium hydrogensulphate NaHSO4 x x

10- Sodium phosphate Na3PO4 x x


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11- Hydrated Sodium phosphate Na3PO4 nH2O x

12- Potassium permanganate K2MnO4 x x

13- Potassium chromate K2CrO4 x x

14- Potassium dichromate K2Cr2O7 x x

15- Ammonium dichromate (NH4)2Cr2O7 x

16- Potassium iodate KIO3 x x

7-Mt s hp cht khc:

Stt Tn hp cht CTHH Thi Dng bt, TT Lng, dd

1- Carbon C x x

2- Glucose C6H12O6 x

3- Sulphur S x

4- Gunpowder Thuc sng x

5- Sodium hydroxide NaOH x6- Water/Ice Nc/ x x

7- Iodine I x x

8- Ethanol C2H5OH x

9- Vinegar Dm x

10- Hydrogen peroxide H2O2 x

11- Sulphuric acid H2SO4 x

12- Nitric acid HNO3 x13- Sodium ethanoate C2H5ONa x

8- Cht ch th mu:1 Universal indicator Cht ch th vn nng

2 Litmus Solution Dd qu tm

3 Thymol Blue Tymon xanh

4 Phenolphthaleine Phenolphthaleine

5 Starch Tinh bt6 Yeast Men ru

9- Cc cht kh:1 Chlorine Kh Clo

2 Carbon monoxide Kh CO

3 Carbon dioxide Kh CO2


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4 Hydrogen Khi Hydro

5 Hydrogen Sulphide Kh H2S

6 Acmonia Kh NH3

7 Oxygen Kh oxi

10-Cch ly ha cht:

B1: Nhp vo nt cng c tm ho cht cn tm trn Tools barB2: Chn trng thi hoc nng cht cn ly trong

B3: Chn khi lng hoc th tch cn ly trong

B4: Chn cht cn ly v L- Drag ra mn hnh.

* Ch khi ly ho cht trn menu tn mt s cht b m l do khng chn ngtrng thi vt l hoc nng ca n. Thc hin li bc 2 khi no tn ho cht

hin r trn menu mi ly c.

III- Cc dng c v thit b th nghim

1-Cc dng c thu tinh: gm c base, chu thu tinh, bnh tht c, ng

nghim, ng vut, a bay hi, buret c dung lng ti a 50 ml, pipet 5ml, giy

lc v phiu lc.

2-Mt s dng c khc:n kh

(25o 450o)

Bp in

(25o - 530o)

ng sinh hn

Gi bp

Nt cao su c ng dn

Vi nc Bin bo th nghim

nguy him

Cu mui


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3-Cc dng c o v kho cu:

Bnh xilanh kh ng thu kh c chia

u d Nhit k

Thanh platin Thanh th oxi, hyro

Cn bn Chu thu kh c chia

Vn k Ampe k

n Vn k

Ngun c th thay i t 0V n

4V

Ngun c nh 3V

4- Ly dng c: L-click vo nt cng c trn tools bar, sau L-Drag dng c

ra mn hnh.

5- Xo dng c ra khi mn hnh: C ba cch

- Chn dng c sau nhn phm Delete

- Chn dng c sau L-click vo nt trn thanh cng c- L-Drag dng c ra khi mn hnh.

6- , rt cc cht: L-Drag dng c ng ho cht ti ni cn rt v rt.

Hnh IV.2. Thao tc rt ho cht

Khi cn xoay dng c a chut v pha di bn phi chut bin thnh

mi tn vng cung Drag ri xoay

7- Lp cc dng c:

-Lp nt cao su: L-Drag nt chn ti trn ming ng nghim hay bnh

tht c ri nh chut


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-Lp ng ni: Bng cch a chut ti ch im ni u tin L-Drag chut

bin thnh hnh ngi sao sau L- Drag ti ch ni u kia v L-click , ng ni

t thit lp.

- Mt s dng c c van iu khin: ng m, tng gim L-Drag nt

hnh vung ri trt dc m hoc tng gim.

8- Thit lp cc mch in, in phn-Chn vt liu in cc t nt cng c kim loi, sau trong Sub-panel

selection menu chn Rod cc kim loi dng hnh thi hin ra sau chn

kim loi cn thit lm in cc, hoc c th chn thanh platin lm in

cc.

-Thit lp mch in: bng cch ly cc dng c cn thit sau ni mch

in nh cch ni cc ng dn kh .

9-S dng cng c th: Mt s phn ng khi xy ra c s thay i nhit (Temperature), pH, in th (ORP), in tr sut (Conductivity), th tch

(Volume), khi lng (Mass) theo thi gian c th biu din s thay i ny trn

th v c th in ra trc tip trn my in. Tu vo chn la v cch tin hnh

cng mt lc c th hin th ng biu din v mt trong cc gi tr trn ph

thuc vo thi gian ti a ca bn h phn ng tin hnh song song t ta c

th so snh mt cch trc quan mc , kh nng xy ra phn ng ca cc h tin

hnh song song.

Hin th th ch c hiu lc khi chng ta chn ng loi d liu cn hin th

v c s dng u d cho i tng cn o. hiu cch thit k trong phn

IV.5 s hng dn c th hn.

Khi L-click vo nt th mt giao din nh sau hin ra nh sau:


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Hnh .3. Giao din CrocoChem khi c hin th th

10-Nt tm dng v thc hin li:

Khi L-click vo nt, nt b m chng trnh tm dng phn ng. L-click li

ln na nt chuyn qua mu m phn ng tip tc. Khi thit lp th nghim m

phng ch s dng nt ny cho thch hp m phng c quan st thy r

rng.

IV- Gii thiu cc ch thit k sn

tham kho cc th nghim thit k sn dng lnh File\Open tm th

mc m bn ci phn mm Crocodile Chemistry trong c 11 ch thit

k. Tham kho cch thit k cc ch ny bn c th vn dng vo thit k

cho ph hp vi ni dung bi dy ca mnh. Sau y l ni dung cc ch

1. Phn loi vt cht: Phn ny gm 7 th nghim1-M t cc trng thi tn ti ca vt cht dng rn, lng v hi.

2-Cc phn t trong cht rn, cht lng v hi.

3 v 4- S bin i gia cc trng thi .

5 v 6- Nguyn t v hp cht.

7- Hn hp (hn hp khng ng nht,hn hp ng nht).

Chn kiu s liu hin th

Chn gi tr max trc tung

Chn gi tr min trc tung

Bc nhy thi gian(trc honh)

Xo s liu trc

Mu v sng thhin th trn1 h to

thca qu

trnh

Nu phn ng xy ra kt qu s hin th y


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2. Mt s dng phn ng khc nhau: Phn ny c 8 th nghim

1- Bin i vt l v bin i ho hc.

2- Bin i ho hc.

3- S chy.

4- Phn ng ho hp

5- Phn ng phn hu.

6- Phn ng kt ta

7- Phn ng trung ho

8- Phn ng thu nhit v to nhit.

3. Cc mui v tnh tan (dung dch): Phn ny c 11 th nghim

1-Pha ch dung dch

2-S ho tan

3-S phn ly

4-Tnh tan

5-Dung dch

2-Nng dung dch

3- iu ch dung dch mui tan

4- iu ch dung dch mui kt ta

9- S to thnh ion

10-Tnh tan ca cht kh

11-S thay i ca tan theo nhit .4. Cc th nghim v tch cc cht: Phn ny c 8 th nghim

1- Tch cht rn khi cht lng

2- Tch cht tan khi dung dch

3- Tch dung mi khi dung dch

4- Tch cht rn

5- Tch cht lng

6- Tch cht rn khng ho tan c7- Tch bng phng php kt tinh.

8- Mt bi tp thc hnh tch khc.

5. Cc axit v kim: Phn ny c 11 th nghim

1-Axit hoc kim

2-Axit, cc tnh cht ca axit.


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3-Kim, cc tnh cht ca kim

4- mnh ca axit

5-Axit long

6-Thang pH

7-S n mn ca axit

8-9-Phn ng trung ho

10- Kh tnh chua ca axit

11-ng cong chun .

6. Tc phn ng : Phn ny c 10 th nghim

1- Tc phn ng

2- o tc phn ng

3- th tc phn ng

4- nh hng ca nng n tc phn ng

5- Ti sao dung dch c tc phn ng xy ra nhanh hn

6- nh hng ca nhit

7- Ti sao nhit nh hng n tc phn ng

8- nh hng ca kch thc cht phn ng

9- Ti sao kch thc cht phn ng nh phn ng xy ra nhanh hn.

10-nh hng ca xc tc

7. Tnh cht ho hc ca kim loi : Phn ny c 13 th nghim

1- Cc phn ng ca kim loi2- Kh nng phn ng ca kim loi vi oxi

3- Kh nng phn ng ca kim loi vi nc

4- Kh nng phn ng ca kim loi vi axit

5- Dy hot ng ho hc

6- D on phn ng

7- 8- So snh kh nng phn ng

9- Dy hot ng ho hc v pin10- Pin in ho

11- Nhng vn xy ra trong pin in ho

12- in th ca pin in ho

13- iu kin khng chun- Phng trnh Nest

8. in hc v s in phn : Phn ny c 14 th nghim


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1- Cht dn in v cht cch in

2- in phn dung dch ch brom mua

3- in phn mt s hp cht khc

4- Hin tng in phn trong dung dch

5- Cc quy tc in phn

6- in phn KI

7- in phn Pb(NO3)2

8- in phn axit v kim

9- in phn axit sunfuric long

10-in phn NaOH

11-S n mn kim loi

12-Tnh ton khi lng cht gii phng

13-M in

9. Tnh ton trong ho hc: Phn ny c 14 th nghim

1- Phn t khi

2- Thnh lp v cn bng phng trnh ho hc

3- i lng mol

4- Tnh ton i lng mol

5- Tnh theo cng thc phn t

6- V d tnh theo cng thc phn t

7- Thnh phn % khi lng cc cht trong phn t8-Nng

9- Cch dng nng

10-Tnh ton nng

11-Nhng tnh ton v nng

12-Phn ng trung ho

13-Mt s v d v phn ng trung ho

14-V d m rng v phn ng trung ho10. Thuc th v cht ch th: Phn ny c 10 th nghim

1- Mui amoni

2- Th cc ionbng ngn la

3- Hydro

4- Dung dch qu


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5-Nhn bit ion nitrat

6- Phenolphtalein

7- H tinh bt.

8-Nhn bit mt s mui kim loi kt ta

9- Thymol xanh

10-Cht ch th thng dng

11. Cc th nghim m rng : Phn ny c 17 th nghim

1- Ma axit

2- Dng c kim tra ri trong hi th

3- Pin nng

4- S phn hu HgO

5- T trng

6- Tch kim loi t

7- Tm khi lng bng kinh nghim

8- Hp cht hydrat ho( tinh th ngm nc)

9- iu ch ma axit

10-iu ch oxi

11-Thm mt s phn ng thu nhit v to nhit

12-Pin a cc

13-Oxi ho ng bng Ag+

14-S pht hin(nhn bit oxi)15-S kh CuO bng amoniac

16-S kh CuO bng hydro

17-Phn ng nhit nhm.

V- Gii thiu cch thit k mt s th nghim m phng trong chng trnhho hc ph thng:

Vi lng ho cht v dng c phong ph nh vy chng ta c th thit k m

phng hu ht cc th nghim trong chng trnh ho hc ph thng, nht l ccth nghim v c.

Tuy nhin khng nn lm dng v nhng th nghim no n gin v c iu

kin cn tin hnh bng thc t rn luyn k nng thc hnh cho hc sinh v

cng nh nng cao nim tin khoa hc ca cc em bng kt qu thc t. Ch nn

s dng th nghim m phng i vi cc phn ng khng c dng c trong


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phng th nghim, cc th nghim nguy him v mt s th nghim cn c s so

snh gia cc h tin hnh song song. c bit gio vin hng dn thc hnh

c th dng cc th nghim m phng ny hng dn nhanh cc em thc hnh

trong phng th nghim. V ch vi mt vi thao tc v m hnh rt trc quan c

th hng dn cho cc em rt nhanh m khng phi di dng m t.

Cc th nghim m phng la chn di y vi mc ch gii thiu cch ly

ho cht v cch s dng v lp t cc dng c, cch hin th th cc bn

lm quen. Trn c s bn c c th t thit k cc phn ng, cc th nghim

c trong chng trnh ging dy.

1- Th nghim m phng v bi tc phn ng ho hc (Ho hc 10)

a. Tc phn ng ph thuc vo nng :B1: Ly 2 ng nghim 200ml

B2: ly 50 ml HCl 0.5M v 50ml HCl 0.25M cho vo 2 ng nghim

B3: Ly 2 bnh mt bnh 10 g CaCO3 dng bt th.

B4: Lp xilanh kh vo 2 ng nghim.

B5: L-Click vo nt th chn kiu th dng th tch (Volume) ph

thuc thi gian. Chn gi tr max = 200

B6: Chn 2 u d cho 2 xilanh kh.

B7: L-click vo nt tm dng.

B8: 2 bnh CaCO3 vo 2 ng nghim ng dd HCl.

B9: L-click vo nt tm dng ln na quan st hin tng xy ra

Hnh 4. Th nghim m phng tc phn ng ph thuc nng

Sau khi thit k v m phng xong ta c th lu li trn a tham kho cc

ln sau cho nhanh mt thi gian bng lnh File\Save As


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* Tng t nh vy bn c c th thit k cc th nghim m phng cc th

nghim v tc phn ng ph thuc vo vo b mt tip xc khi trong phn

ng c cht rn tham gia, tc phn ng ph thuc vo cht xc tc, vo nhit

theo cc gi sau v bng cch tham kho cc ch c sn trong phn

mm.

b. Tc phn ng khi c cht rn tham gia phn ng ph thucvo b mt tip xc:

B1: Ly 2 ng nghim 200ml

B2: Ly 2 bnh 50 ml HCl 0.25M cho vo 2 ng nghim

B3: Ly mt bnh 10 g CaCO3 dng bt mn (Solid: fine powder) v

mt bnh 10 g CaCO3 bt th (Solid:coarse powder).

B4 n B9 thc hin nh th nghim trn.

c. Tc phn ng ph thuc vo cht xc tc:B1: Ly 2 ng nghim 200ml.

B2: Ly 2 bnh 50 ml H2O2 cho vo 2 ng nghim.

B3: Ly 5g MnO2.

B5 n B7 thc hin nh 2 th nghim trn.

B8: Cho MnO2 vo mt ng nghim.

B9: Thc hin nh 2 th nghim trn.

d. Tc phn ng ph thuc vo nhit Xem phn th nghim mu trong phn mm thit k.

2- Clo y it ra khi dung dch mui ca chng:B1: Ly ng nghim v cho vo 50 ml dd KI.

B2: Lp nt cao su c 2 ng ni vo ng nghim.

B3: Ly bnh kh cha Clo.

B4: Ni ng dn kh t bnh cha Clo vi ng nghim.

B5: L-drag nt m bnh kh Clo v quan st hin tng xy ra.


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Hnh .5. Th nghim m phng clo y iot ra khi dd KI

3- iu ch kh hydro v thu kh hydrobng cch y nc :B1: Cho vo ng nghim 50 ml HCl 1M.

B2: Ly 15 g Zn.

B3: Ly chu c ng nghim thu kh v cho nc vo.

B4: Lp nt cao su c ng ni vo ng nghim v ni vi ng vut.

B5: L-click vo nt tm dng sau cho Zn vo ng nghim ng axit.

B6: L-click vo nt tm dng ln na quan st hin tng xy ra, c th

th kh H2 bng que th

Hnh .6. Th nghim iu ch v thu kh H2 bng cch y nc


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4-Phn ng nhit nhm:

B1: Ly khong 160 g Fe2O3 v 27 g Al cho vo chn.

B2: Lp n kh v gi .

B3: Bt cho n chy v quan st hin tng xy ra.

Hnh .7. Th nghim phn ng nhit nhm5-Tnh dn din ca dung dch-in phn dd NaCl:

B1: Dng 2 chu thu tinh cho vo 1 chu 200 ml nc, mt chu 200ml

dd NaCl 1M.

B2: Cm vo mi chu 2 in cc kim loi hoc Pt.

B3: Ni ngun in thay i c vi mt bng n v cc in cc. n

ca chu cha dd NaCl sng cn n kia th khng v trong chu ng dd

NaCl c bt kh thot ra.

Hnh .8. Tnh dn in ca dung dch, in phn dd NaCl

6- Pin ho hc v pin nng :


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B1: Cho vo 1chu thy tinh 200 ml dd ZnCl2 1M v in cc Zn. Cn

chu kia 200 ml ddCuCl2 1M v in cc Cu.

B2: Ni cu mui gia 2 dung dch.

B3: Thit lp mch in c vn k quan st hin tng xy ra.

Hnh .9. S thit k mt pin ho hcBng cch tng t ta cng c th thit k c mt pin nng .

Hnh .10. S thit k mt pin nng 7- iu ch ru bng cch ln men Glucoz-Tch hai cht lng c nhit

si khc nhau - S chng ct:

B1: Cho vo bnh tht c 200 g glucoz.

B2. Ho tan ng glucoz sau cho men ru vo, quan st s ln men

v kh CO2 to ra.


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B3: Lp dng c nh hnh v.

B: Tng nhit ca bp v quan st gii thch th nghim.

Hnh 11. Thit k m phng ln men ru v s chng ct

8-Mt s vn khc:

-Phn mm Crocodile l phn mm thng mi tng i t. Trong iu kin

ca cc trng cng lp hin nay mua hi kh khn.

-Link download min ph : http://www.esnips.com/doc/51b76c95-644b-4a3f-b47e-a6b26166ad44/Crocodile-Chemistry.

V vy phn mm s dng min ph l phin bn hi c nhng n vn y

tnh nng. Nu bn no mun cp nht phin bn mi hy vo a ch trang Web:

http://www.crocodile-clips.com ti v vi dung lng hn 14 Mb, s dng min

ph c 30 ngy. Khi ti nh khai bo a ch Email ca mnh h s cung cp

cho license qua mail ci t.

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Guide Crocodile Chemistry