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HAIKUby peter van der meulen
A haiku is a three line poem consisting of 5–7–5 syllables
for example:
the/ ca/the/dral/ bell (5)is sha/king/ a / few/ snow/flakes (7)from/ the/ mor/ning/ air (5)
-Virgilio
HISTORY
Haiku evolved from tanka (short poems) 31 syllable poems structured 5-7-5-7-7 developed by court poets in the Heian period (794-1185). These tanka were externded into renga (linked verses).
Renga were written in groups with a hokku (opening verse) of 17 syllables (5-7-5) which established a seasonal setting or mood around which the remainder of the poem was fashioned.
Four concepts intrinsic to a true haiku…
kigo
kireji
yugen
& kyo
kigo - a word suggesting a season
kireji - a cutting word such as ya… a moment to meditate
yugen - lies beneath the surface… touches the heart
kyo – become one with the object… do not impose yourself on it
-Bashõ
The original Japanese exhibits the 5-7-5 structure.
The translation most often does not.
furuike ya the old pond kawazu tobikomo a frog jumps in mizo no oto the sound of water
-Bashõ -Bashõ
.
hanamori ya blossom guardsshiroki kashira o their white headstsukiawase facing each other
-Kyori -Kyori (Basho disciple)
There are four pre-eminent haiku
poets…
Matsuo Bashõ
Yosa Buson
Kobayashi Issa
& Masaoka Shiki
MATSUO BASHÕ
1644-1694
Matsuo Bashõ 1644-1694
Airy spirituality
Related consciousness and nature
Objectively represented charged moments of real experience
the winter stormhid in the bamboo groveand quieted away
-Bashõ
YOSA BUSON
1716-1783
Yosa Buson 1716-1783
By treating haiku images in a painterly style, highlighted imaginative expression
komu na yo ga will it come again. . .mata mo aro ka another night like this onetsuki ni kari wild geese and the moon
-Buson -Buson
KOBAYASHI ISSA
1763-1827
Kobayashi Issa 1763-1827
Childlike identification with nature and human behavior
Provided poetic experience accessable to common man.
the snail climbsMount Fujislowly. . .slowly
-Issa
MASAOKA SHIKI
1867-1902
Matsuoka Shiki 1867-1902
First modern haiku poet
Introduced witty tone and mental play
Popularized term haiku
write me down as one who loved poetryand persimmons
-Shiki
going out of the house ten pacesand the vast autumn sea
-Shiki
a school of trout swam bythe color of the water
-Shiki
the peonymade me measure itwith my fan
-Issa
the moon in the waterbroken and broken againstill it is there
-Choshu
to pluck it a pityto leave it a pityah. . .this violet
-Naojo
on the sandy beachfootprints. . .long is the day of spring
-Shiki
Japan’s two main religions. . . Shintoism and Zen Buddhism. . . are both expressed through Haiku.
Shintoism which worships kami – the spirits of nature.
how art beginsrice planting songsin the deep interior
-Bashõ
oh butterfly. . .what are you dreaming fanning your wings
-Chiyo-ni
Zen Buddhism which strives for nirvana through meditation.
snow has meltedon one shoulder of the great Buddha
-Shiki
from the noseof the colossal Buddhaa swallow emerges
-Issa
a clear waterfallinto the ripple fall green pine needles -Bashõ
Roses. . .the flowers are easy to paintthe leaves difficult
-Shiki
“I make my appearance I. . . the toad emerge from my thicket.”
-Issa
As with all genuine art, a true haiku is a clarification of experience.
Class contemplating Japanese art in springtimeInspirational
-ART 221-001
Thank you, for your time.
-Peter
Through haiku we are released into nearness.
the first snowthe leaves of the daffodilsare just bending
-Bashõ