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Agenda for Today. Hacktivism: a new social movement Introduction History Hacktivism as a social movement Challenges for social movement theory Intro. to hacktivism list Echelon WTO Conclusion Participation: review and conclusions. September 11, 2001. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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The Internet and Politics
•Hacktivism: a new social movement•Introduction•History•Hacktivism as a social movement•Challenges for social movement theory•Intro. to hacktivism list•Echelon•WTO•Conclusion
•Participation: review and conclusions
Agenda for Today
The Internet and Politics
“I call to ARMS all BROTHERS OF
THE CODE to direct all of your
resources, contacts, and allies to
focusing on defining the BASTARDS
RESPONSIBLE for the attacks.”
- 2600 newsgroup
September 11, 2001
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
The Internet and Politics
• hacktivism: computer hacking for political purposes• a type of New Social Movement• defined by its methods rather than its purpose• challenges NSM theory• evidence: hacktivism listserv
• discussions: Echelon & WTO
Introduction
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
The Internet and Politics
History of Hacktivism
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
•origins in hacker culture
•developed criminal associations
•first example: EDT/Zapatistas
•other examples:
•Bhaba
•Mitnick
The Internet and Politics
Hacktivism as a Movement
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
• defined by common method not common purpose
• common discourse
• unconventional action
• resolves collective action dilemmas
The Internet and Politics
NSM Theory
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
• purpose: assumed
• method: instrumental
• identity: cause, constitutes, outcome
The Internet and Politics
Social Movement Models
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
Purpose
MethodMovement
Identity
Conventional Model:
The Internet and Politics
Social Movement Models
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
Purpose
Movement
Identity
Method
Hacktivist Model:
The Internet and Politics
The hacktivism listserv
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
• defining hacktivism: Denial of Service attacks• common cause vs common identity• contestation and identity consolidation
The Internet and Politics
Key examples:
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
•Jam Echelon Day
•WTO
The Internet and Politics
Conclusion
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
•new model for understanding purpose, method, and identity
•implications for NSM theory:
•influence of repertoires
•production of identity
•can’t assume common purpose
The Internet and Politics
Participation
Samuel Decoding Hacktivism
• cost-benefit analysis
• Net impacts
• social capital
• NSMs
