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Haitian RevolutionTimeline
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Egalit for AllLibertyEqualityFraternity
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b69lS3aP1a4&feature=related
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1400s
Over a million Taino/Arawak people lived on the island of
Hayti
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Hispaniola1492Columbus landed on the island and named it La
Espaola or Hispaniola
1517Due to Spanish conquest and enslavement, the Taino/Arawak
population was reduced to 60,000 people
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1577Spain ordered that 15,000 Negro slaves be shipped from
Africa to Hispaniola. Bartolom de las Casas argued that this would
relieve the stresses which were killing the native peoples in the
Americas.By 1592, fewer than 200 Taino/Arawak people remained on
Hispaniola
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1600s1644Sugar cane was introduced to the island marking the
beginning of a great economic revolution (Korngold, 1944)Haiti
became the wealthiest, most resource-rich, most valuable colony of
its age.
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1697Through the Treaty of Ryswick, France gained control of
one-third of Hispaniola, and named it Saint Domingue
Trade began between Saint Domingue and the 13 British Colonies
(the future U.S.)
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The Pearl of Antilles1789 - "Saint Domingue had attained a
height of prosperity not surpassed in the history of European
colonies. It supplied half of Europe with sugar, coffee and
cotton." (Korngold, 1944)
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Think Fast!
What made Santo Domingo a special colony? 60 sec!
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1700s1790 (one year after the French Revolution)A Saint-Domingue
mulatto delegation traveled to the French Assembly to request
French rights for mulattos but were refused.Oct - DecVincent Og led
a failed revolt and was later executed.
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1791MayFrench Assembly gave full political rights to mulattos
and free blacks.SeptemberWhite planters in Saint Domingue objected
to granting citizenship to free blacks --> Violence erupted!
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1791August 22, 1791. A religious Vodou ceremony ignited a slave
revolt, known as the Boukman Rebellion which sparked the Haitian
Revolution
(see Boukmans
prayer)http://thelouvertureproject.org/index.php?title=Boukman
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Think Fast!
What made Toussaint Louverture such a great leader? 60 sec!
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Haitian Revolution: 1791 - 1803 Toussaint Louverture emerged as
the leader of the Haitian RevolutionA former slave, he became a
brilliant general
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yvpRpYIZXow&feature=related
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1801After years of battle and intense negotiations with the
Spain, France, and the U.S., Louverture conquered all of Hispaniola
and abolished slaveryJuly 8th, 1801, Louverture signed the Haitian
Constitution
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1802French emperor, Napolen Bonaparte, sent his brother-in-law,
Victor Leclerc to Saint Domingue to re-establish slaveryLouverture
wrote a letter to Commander-in-Chief Jean-Jacques Dessalines asking
him to burn down Port-au-Prince and stop the advance of Leclercs
troops sent to reestablish slavery --> The revolutions fiercest
battle ensued!
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1802-1805April 1802Louverture and Dessalines agreed to a truce
with LeclercLouverture was deceived and imprisoned (He died on
April 7,1803,)
November 18, 1803Dessalines army defeated FranceNovember 28,
1803Proclamation of IndependenceJanuary 1, 1804Saint-Domingue
became the Republic of Hayti (the name of the Island under Taino
rule)May 20, 1805Dessalines signed the Haitian Constitution of
1805
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1825King Charles X of France recognized the country of Haiti in
return for 150 million francs in gold, payment for Frances losses
due to the abolition of slavery in St. Domingue/Haiti.Haiti was the
only country in which the ex-slaves themselves were expected to pay
a foreign government for their libertyBy 1900Haiti was was spending
80% of its national budget on repaymentsBy taking loans from the
United States, Germany and France, Haiti was able to pay off its
debt in 1947
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EXIT TICKET
Why did the Haitian Revolution happen when it did?
How would the world be different if the Haitian Revolution hadnt
happen?
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