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Page 1 Half Yearly Examination Date : _________ Biology (Set-1) CLASS Duration: 3 Hr. Max. Marks : 70 XI Chapter 1 – The Living World 1. Define taxon? [1] 2. Which is the lowest and highest taxonomic category? [1] 3. (a) Define class of taxonomic hierarchy? (b) What are the six rules of binomial nomenclature? [1+2] 4. (a) What are taxonomical aids. Name any 3 of them. (b) How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism? [2+3] Chapter 2 – Biological Classification 5. You have given old preserved permanent slide without a label. You placed a slide under microscope and observed following: (i) Unicellular; (ii) Well defined nucleus; (iii) It has 2 flagella- one longitudinal and one transverse. Identify the organism and kingdom, it belongs to? [1] 6. Name a fungi which is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work? [1] 7. What are the 3 steps in sexual reproduction of fungi? [3] 8. (i) How are viroids different from viruses. (ii) State any 3 differences between 5 kingdoms according to five kingdom classification. [2+3] Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom 9. What is protonema? [1] 10. What is Cytotaxonomy? [1] 11. During a visit to a village in remote area, Shivam asked the floriculturists, how does he transport cut flowers and plants safely to the city. He replied that he uses one of the aquatic moss for this purpose. (i) Which aquatic moss was he using. (ii) How did moss prevent the spoilage of plants and flowers. (iii) Any other important property associated with moss. [3] 12. (i) Explain haplo-diplontic life cycle with a suitable diagram? (ii) Which event is the precursor to the seed habit in pteridophytes? [3+2] Chapter 4 – Animal Kingdom 13. Round worms belong to phylum ________ and flatworms belong to phylum ________. [1] 14. What are Poikilothermous animals? [1] General instruction: 1. You have to attempt questions from any 7 chapters. 2. Do not write anything in the question paper. 3. Read the questions properly and attempt answers accordingly.

Half Yearly Examination · (i) Differentiate between direct and indirect development. (ii) Differentiate between Cartilaginous and bony fishes. [2+3] Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering

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Page 1: Half Yearly Examination · (i) Differentiate between direct and indirect development. (ii) Differentiate between Cartilaginous and bony fishes. [2+3] Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering

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Page 1

Half Yearly Examination

Date : _________ Biology (Set-1)

CLASS Duration: 3 Hr. Max. Marks : 70 XI

Chapter 1 – The Living World 1. Define taxon? [1] 2. Which is the lowest and highest taxonomic category? [1] 3. (a) Define class of taxonomic hierarchy? (b) What are the six rules of binomial nomenclature? [1+2] 4. (a) What are taxonomical aids. Name any 3 of them. (b) How is a key helpful in the identification and classification of an organism? [2+3]

Chapter 2 – Biological Classification 5. You have given old preserved permanent slide without a label. You placed a slide under

microscope and observed following: (i) Unicellular; (ii) Well defined nucleus; (iii) It has 2 flagella- one longitudinal and one transverse. Identify the organism and kingdom, it belongs to? [1] 6. Name a fungi which is used extensively in biochemical and genetic work? [1] 7. What are the 3 steps in sexual reproduction of fungi? [3] 8. (i) How are viroids different from viruses. (ii) State any 3 differences between 5 kingdoms according to five kingdom classification. [2+3]

Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom 9. What is protonema? [1] 10. What is Cytotaxonomy? [1] 11. During a visit to a village in remote area, Shivam asked the floriculturists, how does he

transport cut flowers and plants safely to the city. He replied that he uses one of the aquatic moss for this purpose.

(i) Which aquatic moss was he using. (ii) How did moss prevent the spoilage of plants and flowers. (iii) Any other important property associated with moss. [3] 12. (i) Explain haplo-diplontic life cycle with a suitable diagram? (ii) Which event is the precursor to the seed habit in pteridophytes? [3+2]

Chapter 4 – Animal Kingdom 13. Round worms belong to phylum ________ and flatworms belong to phylum ________. [1] 14. What are Poikilothermous animals? [1]

General instruction: 1. You have to attempt questions from any 7 chapters. 2. Do not write anything in the question paper. 3. Read the questions properly and attempt answers accordingly.

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15. Mohan studied 3 organisms – A, B and C under a microscope. He found all of them are bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic. A has long and cylindrical body, B has dorsoventrally flattened body whereas body of C was soft with ring like segments. Identify their classes and write one identifying feature of each? [3]

16. (i) Differentiate between direct and indirect development. (ii) Differentiate between Cartilaginous and bony fishes. [2+3]

Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering Plants 17. Name one bisexual and one unisexual flower? [1] 18. Tendrils of grapevine are homologous to the tendrils of pumpkin but analogous to that of pea.

Justify the statement. [1] 19. (i) Which layer is the edible part in mango. (ii) What are Endospermic and non-endospermic seeds. Give an example each? [1+2] 20. (i) Describe the different arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on

thalamus? (ii) Name any 2 sub-aerial stem modifications? [3+2]

Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants 21. A cross section of a plant part shows following: (i) Radial vascular bundles, (ii) Polyarch xylem, (iii) Well developed pith Which part is that? [1] 22. Grittiness in fruits like guava and pear is due to presence of ___________. [1] 23. Differentiate between dicot stem and monocot stem? [3] 24. (i) What is endarch and exarch xylem. (ii) Explain briefly the structure of dicot stem with a suitable diagram. [2+3]

Chapter 7 – Structural Organisation in Animals 25. Which organ in human body contains all 4 types of tissues i.e., epithelial, connective, muscular

and neural? [1] 26. What is the role of macrophages? [1] 27. Explain the structure of skeletal muscle tissue? [3] 28. Give one word or a line for following-: [5] (a) Which tissue is present in proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of nephron in the kidney. (b) How many times does a nymph of a cockroach moult to reach adult form. (c) Name the structure which acts as a tongue in cockroach. (d) Exoskeleton of cockroach is made by _____________. (e) Name the types of agranulocytes. (f) Function of tendon. (g) Testes in male cockroach is present in _______________ abdominal segments. (h) _______________ are present at fusion points of cardiac muscles. (i) Name 3 cell junctions. (j) Give an example of multicellular glandular epithelium.

Chapter 8 – Cell – The Unit of Life 29. What are plasmodesmata? [1] 30. What are the two subunits of prokaryotic and eukaryotic ribosomes? [1] 31. In a lab Sheryl and her friend Shambhavi saw mitochondria under high power compound

microscope. They saw a number of folds projecting from inner membrane and a lot of dot like structures fixed on inner membrane?

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(i) What is the name given to these folds. (ii) What are these dot like structures called? (iii) What is the role of these folds and dots like structures? [3] 32. (i) Differentiate between gram positive and gram negative bacteria. (ii) Briefly describe the structure of Mitochondria with the help of a diagram. [2+3]

Chapter 9 – Biomolecules 33. Why an enzyme catalyses only a specific reaction? [1] 34. What is turn over number of enzymes? [1] 35. (i) Why does starch give blue black colour with iodine and not cellulose? (ii) Where is chitin found? [2+1] 36. (i) Mention any 3 functions of proteins? (ii) How does low temperature present inside cold storages prevents spoilage of food? [3+2]

Chapter 10 – Cell Cycle and Cell Division 37. Name 2 cells, which do not divide after attaining full differentiation? [1] 38. What is Go (quiescent phase) of cell cycle? [1] 39. Name the stage of cell cycle at which one of the following events occur: [3] (i) Chromosomes are moved to spindle equator. (ii) Centromere splits and chromatids separate. (iii) Pairing between homologous chromosomes takes place. (iv) Crossing over between homologous chromosomes takes place. (v) Chiasmata appears. (vi) We can see bouquet stage. 40. (i) Describe the following with the help of a suitable diagram. (a) synapsis (b) bivalent (c) chiasmata (ii) Distinguish anaphase of mitosis from anaphase I of meiosis. [3+2]

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Hints/Solutions to Half Yearly Examination

Date : _________ Biology (Set-1)

CLASS Duration: 3 Hr. Max. Marks : 70 XI

Chapter 1 – The Living World 1. Taxon (pl. taxa) – It is a unit of classification, which represents a rank or category based on

certain easily observable common characteristics. 2. Species is the lowest category and Kingdom is the highest taxonomic category. 3. (i) Group of related orders is class. (ii) Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. They are Latinised or derived

from Latin irrespective of their origin. – Each organism is given only one name consisting of two words - Generic name and

the specific epithet. – The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component

denotes the specific epithet. – Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined,

or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin. – The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet

starts with a small letter. – Name of the author appears after the specific epithet, i.e., at the end of the biological

name and is written in an abbreviated form. 4. (i) Techniques, procedures and stored information that are useful in identification and

classification of organisms are called as taxonomic aids. Ex – Herbarium, biological museum, zoological park and key.

(ii) – Key is an taxonomical aid used for identification of plants and animals based on the similarities and dissimilarities.

– It is a analytical device used by biologists for identifying unknown organisms. – The key consists of a series of choices, based on observed features of the organism. – A single pair of contrasting characters is called a couplet and each statement of a

couplet is termed a lead. – It provides a choice between two opposite options (couplet), resulting in the

acceptance of one and the rejection of the other. – By making the correct choice at each level of the key, one can eventually arrive at the

name of the unknown organism. – Separate taxonomic keys are required for each taxonomic category such as family,

genus and species for identification purposes.

Chapter 2 – Biological Classification 5. It is an Dinoflagellates, which belongs to Kingdom Protista. 6. Neurospora. 7. Sexual reproduction in Fungi – It involves formation and union of two gametes or their nuclei.

Sexual reproduction is absent in deuteromycetes. The various spores are produced in distinct structures called fruiting bodies. The sexual cycle involves the following three steps-:

(i) Plasmogamy - Fusion of protoplasms between two motile or non-motile gametes called plasmogamy.

(ii) Karyogamy - Fusion of two nuclei called karyogamy.

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– In some fungi the fusion of two haploid cells immediately results in diploid cells (2n). However, in other fungi (ascomycetes and basidiomycetes), an intervening dikaryotic stage (n + n, i.e., two nuclei per cell) occurs; such a condition is called a dikaryon and the phase is called dikaryophase of fungus.

– Later, the parental nuclei fuse and the cells become diploid. (iii) Meiosis in zygote - The fungi form fruiting bodies in which reduction division occurs,

leading to formation of haploid spores (n). 8. (i)

VIRUS VIROID It is a nucleoprotein particle. It is a free RNA particle. Nucleic acid can be DNA or RNA. They are formed of only nucleic acid RNA,

having low molecular weight. A protein coat is present. A protein coat is absent. It is known to infect all types of organisms, plants, animals, humans and bacteria.

It is known to infect only plants.

(ii)

Chapter 3 – Plant Kingdom 9. It is a creeping, green, branched and frequently filamentous, gametophytic stage in the life cycle

of moss. It is the first stage of gametophyte, which develops directly from spores and gave rise to new gametophytic plants.

10. It is the branch of biology dealing with the relationships and classification of organisms, using comparative studies of chromosomes during meiosis. It is based on cytological information like chromosome number, structure, behaviour.

11. (i) Sphagnum (ii) Sphagnum moss has high water retaining capacity and therefore used as packing material

for trans-shipment of living material (keep seedlings or cut plant parts moist). (iii) High absorptive power and antiseptic properties.

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12. (i) DIPLONTIC LIFE CYCLE – In this, the diploid sporophyte is the dominant, photosynthetic, independent phase of

the plant. – The gametophytic phase is represented by the single to few-celled haploid

gametophyte. – Meiosis occurs during gamete formation (Gametic meiosis), which results in the

production of haploid (n) gametes. – During fertilization, the haploid (n) gametes fuse together in the formation of a

diploid (2n) zygote, and it mitotically divides and produces a multicellular diploid (2n) organism.

– An alga, Fucus sp.(brown algae) and all seed bearing plants i.e., gymnosperms and angiosperms, follow this pattern with some variations.

(ii) In heterosporous pteridophytes, the female gametophytes are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods. The development of the zygotes into young embryos take place within the female gametophytes. This event is a precursor to the seed habit considered an important step in evolution.

Chapter 4 – Animal Kingdom 13. Aschelminthes and platyhelminthes. 14. Poikilothermous animals are animals which lack the capacity to regulate their body

temperature. They are also known as Cold blooded animals. 15. – “A” - bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and cylindrical body - Phylum Nematoda. – They have primitive organ system level of organisation. A false cavity or pseudocoelom is

present. – “B” - bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and dorsoventrally flattened body – Phylum

Platyhelminthes. – They have organ level of organisation. Body cavity or coelom is absent. – “C” - bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic and soft body with ring like segments – Phylum

Annelida. – They also have organ system level of organisation and body is segmented which bears

lateral appendages for locomotion. True body cavity or coelom is present. 16. (i)

DIRECT DEVELOPMENT INDIRECT DEVELOPMENT In this, the young ones resembles the adults in all respects.

In this, the young ones do not resembles the adult.

There is no intermediate stage. The young ones usually pass through one or more intermediate stages (larval stages) before obtaining the shape of adults.

Ex – hydra, human beings. Ex – Silk moth, frog.

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(ii) CARTILAGINOUS FISHES BONY FISHES

Endoskeleton is cartilaginous. They have partly or complete bony endoskeleton.

Mouth is ventral. Mouth is terminal. They have Placoid scales. They have cycloid/ctenoid scales. They have 5-7 pairs of gills. They have 4 pairs of gills. Operculum is usually absent. Operculum is present. Caudal fin is heterocercal. Caudal fin is usually homocercal. Air bladder/ swim bladder is absent. Air bladder/ swim bladder is present. They are mostly marine. They are marine and freshwater both. Ex – Scoliodon, Trygon. Ex - Hippocampus (Sea horse), Labeo

(Rohu), Catla .

Chapter 5 – Morphology of Flowering Plants 17. Bisexual flowers - Rose, Sunflower, Mustard, Hibiscus, Tomato, mango (Any 1) Unisexual flowers – Coconut, Papaya, Watermelon, Cucumber, Maize, White mulberry,

Pumpkin. (Any 1) 18. Tendril of grapevine and pumpkin are modified stems, so they have same origin, hence they are

homologous. Whereas, tendril of pea is a modified leaf, so they have different origins but perform same

function, hence they are analogous. 19. (i) Mesocarp is the thick and edible fleshy part in mango. (ii) Non-endospermic or exalbuminous seeds – In these seeds, the endosperm is completely

eaten up by growing embryo. Ex – Pea, Gram, Bean. Endospermic or Albuminous seeds - These seeds, retain a part of endosperm as it is not

completely used up during embryo development. Ex – wheat, maize, castor. 20. (i) Based on the position of calyx, corolla and androecium in respect of the ovary on

thalamus, the flowers are described as-: (a) Hypogynous flower- In the hypogynous flower the gynoecium occupies the highest

position while the other parts (petals, sepals and stamens) are situated below it (inferior). The ovary in such flowers is said to be superior. Ex - mustard, china rose and brinjal.

(b) Perigynous flower- In the perigynous flower, gynoecium is situated in the centre and other parts of the flower are located on the rim of the thalamus almost at the same level. The ovary here is said to be half inferior. Ex - plum, rose, peach.

(c) Epigynous flower- In epigynous flowers, the margin of thalamus grows upward enclosing the ovary completely and getting fused with it. The other parts of flower arise above the ovary. Hence, the ovary is said to be inferior, while other floral organs are called superior. Ex – Guava, cucumber and the ray florets of sunflower.

(ii) (a) RUNNER - Underground stems of some plants, spread to new niches and when older

parts die new plants are formed. Ex – grass, strawberry and Centella. (b) STOLON - In some plants, a slender lateral branch arises from the base of the main

axis and after growing aerially for some time arch downwards to touch the ground. Ex – mint, jasmine and Colocasia.

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(c) OFFSET – In some aquatic plants, lateral branch with short internodes and each node bearing a rosette of leaves and a tuft of roots. Ex – Pistia (water lettuce) and Eichhornia (water hyacinth).

Chapter 6 – Anatomy of Flowering Plants 21. Monocot root 22. Brachysclereid (stone cell). 23.

DICOT STEM MONOCOT STEM The epidermis have stomata which have kidney shaped guard cells.

The epidermis have stomata which have mostly dumb-bell shaped guard cells.

The hypodermis is made up of collenchyma which may be green.

The hypodermis is made up of non-green sclerenchyma fibres.

The ground tissue is differentiated in to cortex, endodermis, pericycle and pith.

The ground tissue is a mass of similar parenchymatous cells.

The vascular bundles are arranged in rings around the pith.

The vascular bundles are scattered throughout the ground tissue.

Medullary rays are present in between vascular bundles for radial conduction.

Medullary rays are absent.

Vascular bundles are of similar size. Peripheral vascular bundles are generally smaller than the centrally located ones.

Bundle sheath is not present around vascular bundles.

A sclerenchymatous bundle sheath is present around vascular bundles.

Vascular bundles are open (cambium is present between xylem and phloem).

Vascular bundles are Closed (no cambium is present between xylem and phloem).

Phloem parenchyma is present. Phloem parenchyma is absent. No cavity is found in vascular tissues. A cavity known as protoxylem cavity is found

in vascular tissues. 24. (i) Endarch Xylem- In this, the protoxylem lies towards the centre (pith) and the metaxylem

lies towards the periphery of the organ. Development of xylem is centrifugal. Ex – Occurs mostly in stems.

Exarch Xylem - In this, the protoxylem lies towards periphery and metaxylem lies towards the centre.

Development of xylem is centripetal. Ex – Occurs mostly in roots. (ii)

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Chapter 7 – Structural Organisation in Animals 25. Our heart consists of all the four types of tissues, i.e., epithelial, connective, muscular and

neural. 26. They are Phagocytes. They eat dead cell and debris. 27.

28. (a) cuboidal epithelium (b) about 13 times (c) Hypopharynx (d) Sclerites (e) Lymphocytes and monocytes (f) to join muscle with bone (g) 4th to 6th abdominal segments (h) Communication junctions (intercalated discs) (i) Tight junction, gap junction and adhering junctions (j) Salivary glands

Chapter 8 – Cell – The Unit of Life 29. These are cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent plant cells (which develop in the minute pores

of their walls). 30. Prokaryotic - 70S ribosome made up of – 50S and 30S Eukaryotic - 80S ribosome made up of – 60S and 40S. 31. (i) Cristae. (ii) Oxysomes (F0-F1 particles). (iii) Cristae increase the surface area and provide place for electron transport chain and

oxidative phosphorylation. Oxysomes act as ATPase and form ATP. 32. (i)

GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA They retain crystal violet stain and appear purple/blue after gram staning procedure.

They do not retain crystal violet stain and appear red/pink after gram staning procedure.

Peptidoglycan layer is thick and multilayered.

Peptidoglycan layer is thin and 1-2 layered.

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Periplasmic space is usually absent. Periplasmic space is present. Outer membrane is absent. Outer membrane is present. Lipid and lipoprotein content is low in cell wall.

Lipid and lipoprotein content is high in cell wall.

Cell wall contains virtually non-lipopolysaccharide content.

Cell wall has high lipopolysaccharide content.

Ex – Staphylococcus, streptococcus, Clostridium.

Ex – Salmonella, Vibrio.

(ii)

Chapter 9 – Biomolecules 33. The active site of each type of enzyme is specific for its substrate. This explains the specificity of

enzymes. Ex - Sucrase will act only on sucrose and no other disaccharide. 34. The number of substrate molecules changed per minute, by a molecule of enzyme is called as

turn over number. 35. (i) Starch is a mixture of two polymers: amylose and amylopectin. Amylose is coiled like a

spring, with six glucose monomers per turn and all the D-glucose units joined by the α-1,4-glycosidic linkages.

– The characteristic blue-violet color that appears when starch is treated with iodine is due to the formation of the amylose-iodine complex.

– Cellulose does not contain complex helices and hence cannot hold Iodine. (ii) Chitin is a structural component of fungal walls and exoskeleton of arthropods. 36. (i) – Some proteins transport nutrients across cell membrane. Ex – GLUT-4. – Some proteins fight infectious organisms. Ex – Antibodies. – Some proteins act as hormones. Ex – Insulin (in sugar metabolism). – Some proteins acts as enzymes etc. Ex – Trypsin, pepsin. (ii) Low temperature present inside cold storages prevents spoilage of food by two ways-: (a) Inactivity of enzymes present inside food article and (b) Non-activity of microbes because their enzymes also become inactive at low

temperature.

Chapter 10 – Cell Cycle and Cell Division 37. Nerve cells, skeletal muscle cells, RBC’s. 38. Cells in this stage remain metabolically active but no longer proliferate unless called on to do so

depending on the requirement of the organism. 39. (i) Metaphase (ii) Anaphase (iii) Zygotene stage of prophase I in meiosis I. (iv) Pachytene stage of prophase I in meiosis I. (v) Diplotene stage of prophase I in meiosis I.

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(vi) leptotene stage of prophase I in meiosis I. 40. (i) (a) Synapsis - The homolo¬gous chromosomes come to lie side by side in pairs in

zygotene stage of prophase 1 in meiosis 1. The process of pairing or attachment of the homologous chromosomes is known as synapsis or syndesis. It occurs in zygotene stage of meiosis I.

(b) Bivalent – The complex formed by a pair of synapsed homologous chromosomes is called a bivalent or a tetrad. It occurs in Pachytene stage of meiosis I.

(c) Chiasmata – These are sites or point of attachment between non-sister chromatids of the homologous chromosomes, where crossing over occurs in pachytene stage of meiosis I. They are visible in Diplotene stage of prophase I in meiosis I.

(ii) ANAPHASE OF MITOSIS ANAPHASE I OF MEIOSIS

In this centromere of a chromosome splits in to two and sister chromatids separates.

In this, the homologous chromosomes separate, while sister chromatids remain associated at their centromeres. The process of separation is named as disjunction.

Sister chromatids are connected to microtubules from the opposite spindle pole, thereby separating sister chromatids of a chromosome.

Sister chromatids are connected to microtubules from the same spindle pole, which is made possible by the side-by-side arrangement of their kinetochores. As a result, sister chromatids remain attached after anaphase I.

In mitosis, Anaphasic chromosome are single stranded.

In meiosis I, Anaphasic chromosome are double stranded.