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Soil Mechanics Laboratory Civil Engineering Department – Faculty of Engineering SOIL MECHANICS REPORT PRACTICANT NAME : Fajar Surya Muhammad 1306437170 Fikri Dwisatrio 1306437132 Raihan Alisha Nabila 1306437126 GROUP : PI4 DATE OF PRACTICUM : March 4 th , 2015 TITLE OF THE PRACTICUM : Hand Boring & Sampling ASSISTANT : Reza Riil Akbar P SIGNATURE AND SCORE : I. PREFACE A. Standardization and References ASTM D 1452 “Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings” ASTM D 1587 “Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Puposes” Bhudu, Muni. “Soil Mechanics and Foundations”. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 2010 Soil Mechanics Module. “Buku Panduan Praktikum Mekanika Tanah”. Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Universitas Indonesia. Depok. 2015 B. Objective 1 Hand Boring & Sampling

Hand Boring

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Soil Mechanics LaboratoryCivil Engineering Department Faculty of EngineeringUniversitas Indonesia

SOIL MECHANICS REPORTPRACTICANT NAME: Fajar Surya Muhammad1306437170 Fikri Dwisatrio1306437132 Raihan Alisha Nabila1306437126GROUP: PI4DATE OF PRACTICUM: March 4th, 2015TITLE OF THE PRACTICUM: Hand Boring & SamplingASSISTANT: Reza Riil Akbar PSIGNATURE AND SCORE:

I. PREFACEA. Standardization and ReferencesASTM D 1452 Standard Practice for Soil Investigation and Sampling by Auger Borings ASTM D 1587 Standard Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical PuposesBhudu, Muni. Soil Mechanics and Foundations. John Wiley & Sons. New York. 2010Soil Mechanics Module. Buku Panduan Praktikum Mekanika Tanah. Laboratory of Soil Mechanics, Universitas Indonesia. Depok. 2015

B. ObjectiveThis experimental work is intended to check the soil characteristics visually about the color, the grain size, and the type of the soil. The experimental work is also conducted to take an undisturbed soil sample that will be used in the next practicum. C. Tools and Equipment Auger Iwan Two rods and one spin head Holder rod Wrench Socket Two tubes Hammer Plastics Wax Oil

D. Basic Theory and FormulasIn this practicum disturbed soil sample and undisturbed soil sample is taken. Disturbed sample is the soil sample taken without working to protect the original structure of the soil. Undisturbed sample is the soil sample that still shows the original characteristics of the soil. Undisturbed sample is ideally doesnt experience the change in the structure, water content, and chemical composition. The actual undisturbed soil is impossibly taken, but for the good practice then the damage can be minimalized.

Auger BoringAuger boring is one of the simple methods in doing the soil investigation and sampling. The boring activity can be done in the certain depths, according to the condition of water soil surface, soil characteristics, then the equipment used.

Auger boring can be done manually by humans hands (hand-operated auger) and can be done mechanically by machine (machine-operated auger). In this practicum, the boring can be done manually using Auger Iwan which consists of two segments of steel plate (tube) with two blades in both edges.

Picture 1. Auger type for Boring

Undisturbed Soil SampleUndisturbed soil sample can be taken by using thin steel tube (ASTM D 1587). There is a thin steel tube requirement to fulfill the inside clearance ratio requirement. Picture two shows the type of a tube that is used in taking the undisturbed soil sample.

Picture 2. Tube is used for taking the undisturbed sample

Boring LogBoring log is a result boring note that is used as the identification of the soil layer type. In the boring log contain some information, such as: The depth of the soil layer Point surface elevation, soil layer elevation, and water soil surface elevation Graphically soil type symbol Soil description: type of soil, color, consistency/density Position and the depth of the samples in undisturbed and disturbed condition General information about the name of the project, location, date, and the person responsible of boring workTable 1. The symbols of several soil type for boring log

II. PRACTICUMA. Practicum Preparation1. Preparing the practicum tools and equipment2. Choosing the boring point and cleaning the soil surface from grass and stones3. Giving oil to the edges of the steel rodB. Procedure1. Placing the Auger Iwan on the Boring rod and in the boring point2. Spinning the boring in clockwise and giving it some loads. The boring rod has to be perpendicular3. Inserting the Auger Iwan into the soil until it reaches 30 cm depth, then taking the disturbed soil sample and placing it in the plastic4. In the 1 meter depth, changing the Auger Iwan with socket and tube, then placing the hammer load onto the steel rod for sinking the tube to the soil and taking the undisturbed soil 5. After the tube is full of soil, lifting the tube, getting it off from the socket, and then closing both of the edges of the tube using wax. The sample taken is the undisturbed soil sample

III. DATA RESULT AND CALCULATIONA. Practicum ResultFrom the soil sample taken, we can make a boring log that consists of soil type, color and other description visually.Table 2. Boring Log DEPTH ( m )WATERLEVELSAMPLESYMBOLVISUAL CLASSIFICATIONCOLORDESCRIPTIONCONSISTENCY

0.0 -0.3 mDisturbedSilty ClayDark BrownStiff

0.3 -0.8 mUndisturbedClayReddish BrownStiffer, soft

B. Calculation

The formula below is the requirement for the tubes diameter for taking the undisturbed soil sample.

IV. ANALYSIS A. Practicum AnalysisThis experimental work is intended to check the soil characteristics visually about the color, the grain size, and the type of the soil. The experimental work is also conducted to take an undisturbed soil sample that will be used in the next practicum. Before we started the hand boring and sampling practicum, we needed to prepare the tools and equipment such as the Auger Iwan, two steel rods and its spinner, holder rod, wrench, three tubes for three groups, socket, hammer load, plastics and oil. There was one tool that was not used in the actual practicum, the wax. Auger Iwan is used to take the disturbed soil sample at the depth of more less 0.3 m. First we had to choose the point where we will conduct the practicum, when we found the point, we cleaned the grass just above the soil, and we took auger iwan and two steel rods and its spinner to put the auger iwan into the soil so the soil will be taken to the auger iwans tube. We spun the Auger Iwan with the help of two steel rods connected to the Auger Iwan and to fasten it went inside the soil, one of the students could sit above the steel rods and being spun by the other students. After we saw the auger iwan was full of soil, we took it out again using rods and wrench, it was hard to pull it off because of the rain. The soil sample taken by the auger iwan was the disturbed one. Before we placed the disturbed sample in a plastic, we could classify what type of soil by observing the texture, color and size then wrote it down on the boring log. After Using Auger Iwan, we used another steel rods, thin steel tube and the hammer load to take the disturbed sample, before connecting each steel rods and steel tube, we put some oil on the edge of each rod so it would lock all the rods and the soil would not spill when we took the tube out from the soil.By using the hammer load, the tube could went through inside the deeper soil until it reached at about 0.8 m. After that we had to pull the tube out from the soil, we used the teeter board method. We used a wrench to be locked on the boring rod and placed it above a steel rod that was placed above a concrete to lift the wrench. The tube is lifted by giving pressure with the load of student on the other side of the steel rod. It was really hard getting the tube out of the soil because it was raining.After the tube was successfully out of the soil, we opened the connection between the tube and the socket, then we could classify the type of the soil visually. To protect the undisturbed soil we covered the tube by plastic and tied it with rubbers.

B. Data and Result AnalysisTable 3. Boring Log

DEPTH ( m )WATERLEVELSAMPLESYMBOLVISUAL CLASSIFICATIONCOLORDESCRIPTIONCONSISTENCY

0.0 -0.3 mDisturbedSilty ClayDark BrownStiff

0.3 -0.8 mUndisturbedClayReddish BrownStiffer, soft

This hand boring practicum produced two soil samples, disturbed and undisturbed soil sample. The disturbed soil was taken by the depth of 0 m to 0.3 m. By visually observing the first soil taken, it was classified as the silty clay soil, it had dark brown color and stiff. The condition and the color of the disturbed soil can be influenced by the rain. The second sample soil was the undisturbed one, it was reddish brown and stiffer than the disturbed soil. We took the undisturbed soil when the tube reached the depth of 0.3 to 0.8 m.

The formula above is the requirement for the tubes diameter based on ASTM that is used to take the undisturbed soil sample and it is not calculated during the practicum because we have to cover the tube immediately after taking it off from soil, using plastic to avoid the air comes inside the soil.

C. Error AnalysisIn every practicum some errors can be occurred. The errors can cause the level of accuracy of the result. An error during the process of going through the soil by using Auger Iwan might occur when we spun the steel rod , it might not that perpendicular so it could break the the surrounding area of the soil and made the tube hard to take it out from the soil. The force energy we released to make the tube went into the soil might be bigger than we expected and could cause the damage of the bolt inside the steel rod and the steel tube.

V. CONCLUSION Hand Boring can be done to determine the characteristic of soil visually by observing the color, texture, and size The two samples that were taken by doing this practicum is classified as the silty clay and clay soil As we went deeper of the soil layer , it also has more water content In real life the hand boring and sampling is done to classify the soil for many reasons on a construction project. Primarily geotechnical engineer classifies the soil in order to design the foundation system Soil is often the hardest to predict and most difficult to work with material on a construction project We have to know and classify the soil before construction because the type of soil greatly affects the degree of danger for trench cave-ins, the on-site subgrade dewatering system is dependent on the type of soil, the compactions requirements and methods for backfill and embankments change for different types of soil, and the best method for dealing with wet, muddy conditions or dry, dusty conditions on a project depends on the type of soil involved The errors can also occur because of the condition of the surrounding area of the soil and the weather at certain moment

VI. APPENDIX

Picture 3. Auger Iwan Picture 6. Pulling the tube

Picture 4. Auger Iwan being loadedPicture 7. Giving load to steel rod

Picture 5. Hammer Load12Hand Boring & Sampling