Hand Hygiene and Health Care-Associated Infections

Clint Pollack, MD, Quality Director

Children’s Hospital Central California

The impact of HCAI

HCAI can cause:

■ more serious illness

■ prolongation of stay in a health-care facility

■ long-term disability

■ excess deaths

■ high additional financial burden

■ high personal costs on patients and their families

Most frequent sites of infection and their risk factors

LOWER RESPIRATORY TRACT INFECTIONSMechanical ventilationAspirationNasogastric tubeCentral nervous system depressantsAntibiotics and anti-acidsProlonged health-care facilities stayMalnutritionAdvanced ageSurgeryImmunodeficiency

13%

BLOOD INFECTIONSVascular catheterNeonatal ageCritical care Severe underlying diseaseNeutropeniaImmunodeficiencyNew invasive technologiesLack of training and supervision

14%

SURGICAL SITE INFECTIONSInadequate antibiotic prophylaxis

Incorrect surgical skin preparationInappropriate wound care

Surgical intervention durationType of wound

Poor surgical asepsisDiabetes

Nutritional stateImmunodeficiency

Lack of training and supervision 17%

URINARY TRACT INFECTIONSUrinary catheter

Urinary invasive proceduresAdvanced age

Severe underlying diseaseUrolitiasis

PregnancyDiabetes

34%

Most common sites of health care-associated infection and the risk factors

underlying the occurrence of

infections

LACK OF HAND

HYGIENE

Prevention of HCAI

■ At least 50% of HCAI could be prevented!

■ Most solutions are simple and not resource-demanding

Hand transmission

■ Hands are the most common vehicle to transmit health care-associated pathogens

The 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene

How to clean your hands

■ Handrubbing with alcohol-based handrub is the preferred routine method of hand hygiene if handsare not visibly soiled

■ Handwashing with soap and water – essential when when hands are visibly dirty or visibly soiled (following visible exposure to body fluids)1

1 If exposure to spore forming organisms e.g. Clostridium difficile is strongly suspected or proven, including during outbreaks – clean hands using soap and water

To effectively reduce the

growth of germs on hands,

handrubbing must be

performed by following all of

the illustrated steps.

This takes only 20–30

seconds!

How to handrub

How to handwash

To effectively reduce the

growth of germs on hands,

handwashing

must last 40–60 seconds

and should be performed by

following all of the illustrated

steps.

Hand hygiene and glove use

■ The use of gloves does not replace the need to clean your hands!

Adequate handwashing with water and soap requires 40–60 seconds

Average time usually adopted by health-care workers: <10 seconds

Alcohol-based handrubbing: 20–30 seconds

Time constraint = major obstacle for hand hygiene

Pop-QuizWhat are the 5 moments for hand hygiene?

1. Before touching a patient

2. After touching a patient

3. Before a procedure

4. After a body-fluid exposure risk

5. After touching patient surroundings

Summary

■ HCAI places a serious disease burden and significant economic impact on patients and health-care systems

■ Appropriate hand hygiene – the simple task of cleaning hands at the right times and in the right way – saves lives

■ There are 5 indications (moments) for hand hygiene in health care

■ Global compliance with the “My 5 Moments for Hand Hygiene” approach is universally sub-optimal

■ CHCC has implemented an action plan to improve hand hygiene and reduce infection

■ Your support and compliance with the initiatives is essential to save lives in our facility