What should happen to former Confederate soldiers and to

those in the former Confederate government?

Absolute pardon

Hanged fortreason

PARDON = The act of being forgiven for an error or offense

TREASON = The crime of betraying one's country by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government

Reconstruction SS8H6 The student will

analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan. EQ: How did Reconstruction affect the South, specifically Georgia?

Reconstruction

Reconstruction = the process of transforming and bringing back former Confederate states into the United States after the Civil War

Before After

Reconstruction is like reconstructive surgery!

Reconstructive surgery = the use of surgery to restore the form and function of the body

RECONSTRUCTION

So, we struggle to put the pieces back together again…

So, we struggle to put the pieces back together again…

“It is more honorable to repair a wrong than persist in it.”~ Thomas Jefferson, author of The Declaration and 3rd US President

*Lincoln wanted to rebuild and return the south to the Union as soon as possible*His plan was called the 10% plan*“Reconstruction” would have two parts: 1. Southerners would be pardoned after taking an oath of allegiance; 2. When 10% of voters had taken the oath, the state could rejoin the Union and form a state government.

President Lincoln’s Plan

Where does President Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan fall on the continuum below?

Absolute pardon

Hanged fortreason

PARDON = The act of being forgiven for an error or offense

TREASON = The crime of betraying one's country by attempting to kill the sovereign or overthrow the government

Lincoln’s plan to reconstruct the South was challenged by “Radical Republicans” who thought the South should be more severely punished.

The Radical Republicans wanted to make sure the freedmen retained their new rights.

President Lincoln’s Plan

"Honest Abe". Freed the slaves. Held the Union together. Wise and kind. Was responsible for the winning the greatest struggle that the United States ever faced.

A Life Cut Short…Lincoln was assassinated in April 1865 during a play at Ford’s Theater by actor John Wilkes Booth. Vice President Andrew Johnson took over as President.

• Vice President, Andrew Johnson, became president.

Johnson’s Plan

• He continued Lincoln’s Reconstruction plan, however, he believed some more extreme measures needed to be taken, such as:

1. He did not allow former Confederate officers and wealthy land owners to vote.

(those with property value of over $20,000)

2. He also made reconciling states ratify the Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

THE 13TH AMMENDMENT** Outlawed slavery** Former Confederate states HAD to ratify in order to be “fully Reconstructed” and allowed back into the Union.

President Johnson’s Plan con’t.

Southern states also had to:

3. Cancel (nullify) documents saying they seceded4. Promise not to repay money borrowed during the war. _________________________________________

Johnson named temporary governors & told them to hold new elections and create new state constitutions.

Effects of President Johnson’s Plan

Many Southern state constitutions did not meet minimum requirements, and President Johnson granted 13,500 special pardons.

Pardoned, were wealthy planters in charge before the Civil War were re-elected and in control of state government again!

EFFECT? =

With these wealthy, white, Southern Democrats back in power, there is a revival of southern defiance and the creation of BLACK

CODES!

Georgia’s black codes were less strict than those in other states.

Black Codes

Black Codes were laws passed by former Confederate states to keep whites in power and freedmen from having the same rights as whites.

Didn’t allow African Americans: the same jobs as whites, the right to vote, the right to marry a white person, or the right to testify or serve on a jury.

In Georgia African Americans:

Could: Buy and Sell PropertySue people in courtCould not:Serve as JurorsTestify against whites in court