Hardware User Guide - frontline-electronics.comfrontline-electronics.com/.../TopviewTrainerHardwareUserGuide.pdf · Embedded System Trainer for 8031/8051 Microcontrollers Hardware

Topview Trainer

Embedded System Trainer for 8031/8051 Microcontrollers

Hardware User Guide

Copyright © 2002 Frontline Electronics Pvt Ltd. All Rights Reserved.

Information in this document is subject to change without notice. No part of this document

may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, for

any purpose without the express written permission of Frontline Electronics Pvt Ltd.

898989

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1 Welcome ................................................................................................................... 1

1.2 For Technical or Customer Support ...................................................................... 2

1.3 Packaging ................................................................................................................. 3

Chapter 2: Specifications

2.1 Trainer Specifications ............................................................................................ 5

2.2 Software Specifications ......................................................................................... 6

Chapter 3: Hardware Description

3.1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 9

3.2 Microcontroller ....................................................................................................... 11

3.3 RAM ......................................................................................................................... 12

3.4 EPROM/Microcontroller Flash Memory.............................................................. 13

3.5 Keyboard & Seven Segment Display ................................................................ 14

3.6 LED Indicators ....................................................................................................... 15

3.7 Switches ................................................................................................................. 15

3.8 Serial Port .............................................................................................................. 16

3.9 Bus Connector ....................................................................................................... 16

Trainer PCB Layouts ............................................................................................ 17

Schematic Diagram of Topview Trainer ............................................................. 21

Chapter 4: Keyboard Operations

4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 31

4.2 Enter / View a Program ........................................................................................ 36

4.3 Execute a Program ............................................................................................... 39

4.4 Examine Register .................................................................................................. 42

4.5 Single Step Execution and Debugging ............................................................... 48

4.6 Examine/Modify Internal Data Memory .............................................................. 50

4.7 Data Fill ( External Memory ) .............................................................................. 52

4.8 Block Copy ( External Memory ) ......................................................................... 54

4.9 Data Fill ( Internal Memory ) .............................................................................. 56

909090

4.10 Block Copy ( Internal Memory ) .......................................................................... 58

4.11 Block Copy ( From Internal Memory to External Memory ) ........................... 60

4.12 Block Copy ( From External Memory to Internal Memory ) ............................. 62

4.13 Load Examples ...................................................................................................... 64

Chapter 5: Keyboard and Display

5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 67

5.2 Seven Segment Display ....................................................................................... 67

5.3 Keyboard ................................................................................................................ 69

Chapter 6: Connector and Jumper Details

6.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 71

Chapter 7 Add-on Board

7.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 73

7.2 I2C Bus Based EEPROM and RTC ..................................................................... 74

7.3 LCD Module Interfacing ....................................................................................... 75

7.4 Parallel Printer Port .............................................................................................. 76

7.5 High Performance ADC Circuit ............................................................................ 77

7.6 Stepping Motors .................................................................................................... 78

7.7 Input/output Port lines .......................................................................................... 78

7.8 Digital to Analog Converter ................................................................................. 79

111

1.1 Welcome

Thank you for purchasing Topview Trainer ( Model : MAGNA 31C ) using Atmel’s

AT89C52 microcontroller. This trainer aids you learn about 8031/8051 by

providing you with the following:

! A field proven Hardware trainer based on Atmel’s AT89C52 microcontroller.

! On-board Facility to study the interrupts and the timers of the controller.

! A GUI based development software Topview Debugger with support for

editing and debugging target programs.

! All relevant information, detailed manual, plenty of examples and routines

are provided to enable even the first time users get a flying start on

8031/8051.

! Facility is also provided for the experienced user to develop his/her real

life projects using this trainer.

Chapter 1 - Introduction

222

1.2 For Technical or Customer Support

You can reach Frontline Electronics Pvt, Ltd for the technical support and

application assistance in following ways:

Email questions to: [email protected]

Send questions by mail to:

Frontline Electronics Pvt Ltd.,

2/30 - Paraivattam,

Alagapuram,

Salem - 636 016,

Tamilnadu,

India.

Phone : 0427 2449238 / 2431312.

Fax : 0427 2449010.

Web site : www.Frontline-Electronics.com


333

1.3 Packaging

Following documents / hardware are supplied:

1. Topview Trainer Hardware User Guide.

2. Software Examples Manual.

3. Topview Debugger Software User Guide.

4. Hardware :

! Magna31C Trainer

! Serial Port Communication Cable.

! CDROM with Topview Debugger.

! DC Regulated Power Supply meant for the trainer.


444

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2.1 Trainer Specifications

! AT89C52 operating at 12 MHz. AT89CXX family of 8031 devices from Atmel

is the most popular 8031 derivative having same instruction set and

architecture of the original 8031/8051 microcontrollers introduced by Intel.

Also AT89CXX devices are freely available in open market everywhere.

These devices are comparatively cheaper than many others.

! AT89C52’s On-chip Flash memory (8K X 8 Capacity) is programmed with

the monitor program that is responsible for the trainer’s operation.

! Optional EPROM with 32KB capacity. A separate blank socket is provided

for this purpose.

! RAM with 32KB capacity. Battery backup for the RAM is provided.

! Keyboard with 24 high performance keys.

! 6 digits of seven segment green colour LED displays.

! Serial Communication port with PC that enables the debugging facilities in

the host personal computer.

! Four push button switches are available on board for the study of Interrupts

(INT0 and INT1) and Timers 0 and 1.

! 6 LED indicators and 2 Toggle switches are also available on board for

experimental purpose.

! All standard trainer debugging facilities are available.

! Bus lines and I/O lines are terminated for user’s convenience.

Chapter 2 - Specifications

666

2.2 Software Specifications

MAGNA 31C sports a powerful and high performance system monitor responsible

for the Trainer’s operation. This monitor stays in the AT89C52’s internal Flash

Program Memory space of 8K byte capacity. This system software enables the

trainer to operate in two different modes:

! Stand-alone Mode.

! PC based Host controlled mode.

When operated as the stand-alone mode, you can interact with this trainer

using the keypad available in the trainer. This keyboard and seven segment

LED displays are meant for user’s interaction.

The PC based host controlled mode gives a more sophisticated and versatile

development environment suitable for fast target program development.

! To enter / view program

! Execution with full speed

! Single step execution for debugging purpose

Monitor also provides other useful functions, which improves the performance

of the trainer and makes the trainer user friendly.

! Block copy function (in Internal/External RAM)

! Block fill function (in Internal/External RAM)

! Edit Internal/External Data Memory

! Edit/View Special Function Registers.

! Block copy from external RAM to internal RAM

! Block copy from internal RAM to external RAM

! Load Examples


777

Software Specifications

Topview Debugger, a GUI based development environment enables you to gain

confidence in using 8031 microcontrollers. If you are a beginner, you can find it

as a most handy tool that makes your learning as fun and you get confidence in

few hours using the debugger. If you are an experienced user, Debugger gives

you the required development power when understanding real life challenging

projects.

Note:

The RAM locations FD00H to FEFFH is used internally by the system monitor.

Hence take care while using RAM, otherwise you will get unexpected errors.


888

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3.1 Introduction

The Topview Trainer is designed using Atmel’s 8031 derivative device, AT89C52

operating at 12MHz. This device is the improved 8031 derivative of original

8051 architecture introduced by INTEL.

AT89C52 sports an internal Flash Program Memory of 8K byte in the device

itself. This 8KB memory is mapped in the lower part of the Program Memory

with address: 0000H - 1FFFH. Rest of the memory space can be obtained using

external devices. When the EA pin of the device is kept at the active low level,

then the controller accesses the entire Program Memory from outside and the

internal flash memory will not come into picture.

The Keyboard/Display PCB holds the 24 matrix keys, 6 digits of seven segment

displays and a dedicated controller which is also an AT89C51 for controlling

the keyboard and display.

The different blocks of the trainer are

! Microcontroller

! RAM

! EPROM (optional)

! Keyboard and 7 segment displays

! LED Indicators

! Switches and keys

! Serial Port

! Bus Connector

! Power Supply

Chapter 3 - Hardware Description

101010

The block diagram of the trainer is shown below:

M I C R O C O N T R O L L E RAT 89C52Optional

32K EPROM27C256

(0000H to 7FFFH)or

(2000H to 7FFFH)

32K RAMwith Battery Backup

62256(8000H to FEFFH)

RS 232 Dr iverMAX232

Serial PortTermination

S W 1 & S W 2Toggle Switch I/F

(2 Nos)

SW3 to SW6Push Button I/F

(4 Nos)

LED Dr iverULN 2003

LED1 to LED6LED’s

(6 Nos)

MICROCONTROLLERAT 89C51

Buffer74LS04

6 Digits of Seven Segment Display(Common Anode)

6 X 4 MatrixKeyboard

Port 2&

P3.6,P3.7

Port0

P1.0 & P1.1

INT0, INT1T0 & T1

P1.4 to P1.7P3.0, P3.1

P1.2P1.3

Keyboard Display Controller

Port1

Email:[email protected]

www.Frontline-Electronics.com


111111

3.2 Microcontroller

In the 8 bit Microcontrollers, the most popular and used architecture is 8031. The

8031 architecture supports a Harvard architecture, which contains two separate

buses for both program and data. So, it has two distinct memory spaces of 64K X

8 size for both program and data. It is based on an 8 bit central processing unit

with an 8 bit Accumulator and another 8 bit B register as main processing blocks.

Other portions of the architecture include few 8 bit and 16 bit registers and 8 bit

memory locations.

Each microcontroller has some amount of data RAM built-in the device for

processing. Usually this memory space is mapped to the lower end of the data

memory. This base architecture is supported with on-chip peripheral functions

like I/O ports, timers/counters and a versatile serial communication port.

The following list gives the features of the 8031 architecture:

! 8 bit Harvard architecture with separate Program Memory and Data Memory.

! Single supply 5V operation.

! 8K x 8 size On-chip Program Memory - Flash (Atmel’s AT89C52).

! 256 bytes of On-chip Data Memory.

! 64K x 8 bytes of Program Memory and 64K x 8 bytes of Data Memory when

expanded.

! One microsecond instruction cycle using 12 MHz clock.

! 32 Bi-directional I/O lines organized as four 8 bit ports.

! Multiple mode, high speed programmable serial port.

! Two multiple mode 16 bit Timers / Counters.

! Two level prioritized interrupt structure.

! Full depth stack for sub routine linkage and data storage.

! Direct byte and bit addressable.

! Binary and decimal arithmetic.

! Signed overflow detection and parity computation.

! Hardware multiply and divide in 4 micro seconds.

! Integrated Boolean processor for control applications.


121212

Microcontroller

An instruction set comprising of 140 one byte instructions, 91 two byte

instructions, and 24 three byte instructions. Virtually all instructions execute in

either one or two instruction cycles - one or two microseconds with a 12 MHz

crystal. Only exceptions are multiply and divide instructions that take four

instruction cycles.

The instruction set is designed to make programs efficient both in terms of

code size and execution speed.

3.3 RAM

A RAM chip of 32K capacity, IC 62256 is used.

To edit and execute a program we require a memory area with both code and

data memory accesses. Hence overlapping of code and data memory is provided

for this RAM area.

The address of the RAM is 8000H to FEFFH.

The remaining area FF00H to FFFFH is left free for interfacing I/O devices.

The monitor uses some RAM area FD00H to FEFFH (2 pages) for its internal

operation. Hence the available user RAM area is from 8000H to FCFFH.

Battery backup facility is provided for the RAM to retain the data during power

failure.


131313

3.4 EPROM/Microcontroller Flash Memory

The microcontroller ’s EA pin defines the type of internal or external memory

that comes into action during program executions.

When the EA pin is connected to high level, the first 8K byte (0000H - 1FFFH)

accesses are directed to the internal Flash memory of the microcontroller and the

remaining memory space, 2000H to 7FFFH are mapped into the external EPROM.

As you can notice, in this arrangement first 8K byte of EPROM stays unused.

When the EA pin is connected to the ground, the internal Flash memory doesn’t

come into picture and the entire access will be directed to the external EPROM

memory with address range, 0000H to 7FFFH.

To make this selection a convenient one, a jumper JP1 is provided. Using this

jumper, you can connect the EA either to high level, 5V or ground level. The

details are given in the chapter 6, “ Connectors and Jumpers “.

As you know, AT89C52 contains 8K X 8 size internal Flash memory to keep

program instructions. Topview Trainer keeps the monitor program in this Flash

memory.

Also there is a provision made in the trainer to accommodate an external EPROM

with size 32K X 8. You can fuse this EPROM with your target program when

you are using this trainer in real life applications.

When you use this external EPROM, you can make use of Topview Debugger

for application developing.

For your information, AT89C52’s Program and Data Memory spaces are

overlapped and a total of 64K X 8 memory space is available ( instead of total

64K + 64K memory space possible using a 8031 microcontroller ) for your

applications.


141414

EPROM/Microcontroller Flash Memory

This 64K byte space is divided into two parts. First 32K byte ( Address : 0000H

to 7FFFH ) is occupied by the external EPROM and balance 32K byte ( 8000H

to FFFFH ) is occupied by the static RAM of 32K byte.

3.5 Keyboard & Seven Segment Display

This is an interesting part of the Topview Trainer. We have used a dedicated

Microcontroller, AT89C51 to implement the required keymatrix and the 7 segment

displays. This is a simple example of how AT89CXX devices can be used in

unexpected places.

Normally, Microcontroller/microprocessor trainers use the popular keyboard/display

controller, 8279 of Intel origin to implement the required user interaction facility.

These days Intel has almost stopped manufacturing the device and whatever devices

we could purchase from the local market come from the used equipments. Apart

from this, the cost of 8279 is comparatively on the higher side.

So to avoid these problems, we decided to use AT89C51 to get keyboard and

display facility.

The secondary Microcontroller acts as a slave to the main AT89C52 controller.

It monitors the keymatrix and drives the multiplexed seven segment displays

as per its master ’s commands.

The main controller communicates with the secondary controller through the

serial port. Since the serial port of the main controller is kept aside for the PC

host communication purpose, another serial port is simulated in two I/O lines

( P1.0 and P1.1 ) of its Port1. This simulated serial port communicates with

secondary controller’s regular serial port. The baud rate for this communication

is about 2400 bits/second.

The seven segment displays are connected in multiplexed form and connected

with ports 0 and 1 of the controller. Port 0 drives the segments and port1


151515

Keyboard & Seven Segment Display

manages the display digits. The 24 keys are connected in the keymatrix and

are connected with the ports, port 2 and port 3.

More information on how to interface these multiplexed seven segment displays

and the keyboard matrix is given in the following chapters.

3.6 LED Indicators

LED indicators are connected to port lines using a driver IC ULN2003. The 4 lines

of Port 1 (P1.4 to P1.7) and 2 lines of port 3 (P3.0 and P3.1) are used for this

purpose. These LED’s are provided on board for experimental purpose.

To switch ON an LED, send ‘1’ level through the respective port line.

Refer to the Software Examples Manual, where plenty of examples are provided.

3.7 Switches

Four numbers of push button switches are connected to port lines P3.2, P3.3,

P3.4 and P3.5.

These switches are connected to the port lines for experimental purpose. These

switches enable you to conduct experiments using timers (T0 and T1) and

interrupts (INT0 and INT1).

Similarly 2 numbers of toggle switches are made available onboard for

experimental purpose. Port lines P1.2 and P1.3 are used for this purpose.

The signal levels for switch positions:

(for both toggle and push button switches)

ON (Pressed) - ‘0’ level

OFF(Not Pressed) - ‘1’ level


161616

3.8 Serial Port

The serial port of the trainer is drived from the serial I/O of the AT89C52 . This

serial port is a full duplex one available in two port lines P3.0 (RXD) and P3.1

(TXD).

The serial port is used mainly to communicate with the IBM PC. The Topview

Debugger from the PC communicates with the trainer through the serial port.

The connector details are given in the chapter 6.

3.9 Bus Connector

The Bus lines (address bus and data bus), all lines of port1 and port3, I/O

enable line which helps to interface I/O devices (with address space FF00H to

FFFFH), Vcc and Ground lines are terminated in a separate connector called

CON1.

This faci l i tates user to interface I /O devices external ly for any project

development. The I/O Enable line will give a low level when the address fetched

by microcontroller is FFXXH (FF00H to FFFFH). Based on this address

decoding, I/O devices can be connected externally.

The connector details are given in the chapter 6.

3.10 Power Supply

A regulated power supply of 5V, 500mA capacity is sufficient for the operation

of the trainer.

The details of the power supply connector is presented in the chapter 6.


171717

Trainer PCB Layouts

181818

191919

Main Board Layout

Keyboard Controller Layout

202020

212121

Schematic Diagram of Topview Trainer

222222

232323

V C C

V C C

+5V

+5V

+5V 10K 9PIN SIL RESISTOR

C 15 33P F

R 148K 2

C 14 33P F

C 1

0.1uF

XTA L112MH Z

+

C 1110uF

+

C 2

10uF U2

MA

X232

C 1+1

C 1-3

C 2+4

C 2-5

T2IN10

R 2O U T9

R 2IN8

T2O U T7

V -6

V +2V

DD

16V

SS

15

+ C 910uF

+

C 1010uF

+ C 1110uF

C O N 3

S eria l P ort

594837261

+ C 16

10uF

U1

AT8

9C52

VC

C40

GN

D20

XTA L119

XTA L218

P 1.0 /T21

P 1.1 /T2E X2

P 1.23

P 1.34

P 1.45

P 1.56

P 1.67

P 1.78

P 3.0 /R XD10

P 3.1 /TXD11

P 3.2 / IN T012

P 3.3 / IN T113

P 3.4 /T014

P 3.5 /T115

P 3.6 /W R16

P 3.7 /R D17

R S T9

P 0.039

P 0.138

P 0.237

P 0.336

P 0.435

P 0.534

P 0.633

P 0.732

P 2.021P 2.122P 2.223P 2.324P 2.425P 2.526P 2.627P 2.728

A LE /P R O G30

E A /V P P31

P S E N29

J P 1

IN TE R N A L/E XTE R N A L

123

R 1

J P 2

R XD

1 2 3

J P 3

TXD

1 2 3

P 33

A D 6

A 11P 14

P 31

A D 4A D 3

P 15

A 15

A 10

A D 2A D 1

A D 7

A 14

A 12

A D 0

A 13

P 30

P 13 A 9

P 32

P 35P 34

P 17P 16

P 12 A 8

A D 5

P 11P 10

P 31

P 30

A LE

W R

R D

P S E N

Magna31C - 001 - 102002

MA G N A 31C - E m bedded S y s tem Tra iner (MA IN B O A R D )

1 4W ednes day , O c tober 30 , 2002

Tit le

S ize D oc um ent N um ber R ev

D ate : S heet o f

Frontline Electronics Pvt Ltd. Salem.

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Magna31C - 001 - 102002



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+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V

+5V

U 3A

74LS 03

1

23

U 3B

74LS 03

4

56

R 10

10K

R 12

10K

U 5

74LS

373

D 03

D 14

D 27

D 38

D 413

D 514

D 617

D 718

OC

1

G11

Q 02

Q 15

Q 26

Q 39

Q 412

Q 515

Q 616

Q 719

VC

C20

GN

D10

C 50 .1uF

U 4

ULN

2003

IN 11

IN 22

IN 33

IN 44

IN 55

IN 66

IN 77

O U T116

O U T215

O U T314

O U T413

O U T512

O U T611

O U T710

CO

M9

GN

D8

C 40 .1uF

R 2 330E

R 3 330E

R 4 330E

R 5 330E

R 6 330E

R 7 330E

LE D 1

LE D 2

LE D 3

LE D 4

LE D 5

LE D 6

C 13100P F

C O N 2

P ower

594837261

P S E N /R DR D

P S E N

A D 5

A D 6

A D 3

A D 7

A D 4

A D 1

A D 2

A D 0

A LE

A 5

A 1

A 7

A 3

A 6

A 2

A 4

A 0

P 31

P 17

P 30

P 15

P 16

P 14

252525

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+5V +C MO S V C C

+C MO S V C C

+5V +C MO S V C C

+5V

+5V

+5V

C 6 0.1uF

D 3 IN 4148 D 1 IN 4148

B 1

3.6V B A TT

R 8 1K

C 7 0.1uF

D 2 IN 4148

R 1310K

R 11100K

U 8

74LS 30

1234

56

1112

8

U 7

HY

62C

256/

L

A 010

A 19

A 28

A 37

A 46

A 55

A 64

A 73

A 825

A 924

A 1021

A 1123

A 122

A 1326

A 141

C S20

O E22

W E27

D 011

D 112

D 213

D 315

D 416

D 517

D 618

D 719

VC

C28

GN

D14

U 6

27C 256

A 010

A 19

A 28

A 37

A 46

A 55

A 64

A 73

A 825

A 924

A 1021

A 1123

A 122

A 1326

A 1427

C E20

O E22

VP

P1

O 011

O 112

O 213

O 315

O 416

O 517

O 618

O 719

VC

C28

GN

D14

74LS 03

U 3D12

1311

S W 2

TO G G LE S W ITC H

S W 3

S W P U S H B U TTO N

S W 4


S W 5


S W 1

TO G G LE S W ITC H

S W 6


C O N 4

12345

R 9 470ELE D 7

P O W E R

P S E N /R D

A D 0A D 1A D 2A D 3A D 4A D 5A D 6A D 7

A 0A 1A 2A 3A 4A 5A 6A 7

A 0A 1A 2A 3A 4

A 7A 6A 5


W R

A 14

A 9A 10

A 9

A 12

A 10A 11

A 9

A 13A 12

A 11

A 13

A 12

A 14

A 11

A 8

A 14

A 13

A 10

A 15

A 8

A 15

A 8

P 13

P 34

P 12 P 32

P 35

P 33

P S E N /R D

R E S E T

P 10P 11

IO E N A B LE

262626

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C O N 1

B U S C onnec tor

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

A D 1

A D 3

A D 5

A D 7

A 1

A 3

A 5

A 7

W R

A 9

A 11

A 13

A 15

P 3.0

P 3.1

P 3.2

P 3.3

P 3.4

P 3.5

P 3.6

P 3.7P 1.7

P 1.6

P 1.5

P 1.4

P 1.3

P 1.2

P 1.1

P 1.0

A 14

A 12

A 10

A 8

IO E N A B LE

A 6

A 4

A 2

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A D 6

A D 4

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A D 0

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10K 9PIN SIL RESISTOR

C 3 33P F

C 2 33P F

X112MH Z

U1

AT8

9C51

VC

C40

GN

D20

XTA L119

XTA L218

P 1.0 /T21

P 1.1 /T2E X2

P 1.23

P 1.34

P 1.45

P 1.56

P 1.67

P 1.78

P 3.0 /R XD10

P 3.1 /TXD11

P 3.2 / IN T012

P 3.3 / IN T113

P 3.4 /T014

P 3.5 /T115

P 3.6 /W R16

P 3.7 /R D17

R S T9

P 0.039

P 0.138

P 0.237

P 0.336

P 0.435

P 0.534

P 0.633

P 0.732

P 2.021P 2.122P 2.223P 2.324P 2.425P 2.526P 2.627P 2.728

A LE /P R O G30

EA

/VP

P31

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R 1

U 3B

74LS 04

3 4R 2 56E R 3 56E

U 3C

74LS 04

5 6

R 9 56EU 2F

74LS 04

13 12

U 2A

74LS 04

1 2R 8 56E

R 7 56EU 2B

74LS 04

3 4

U 2E

74LS 04

11 10R 6 56E

U 2D

74LS 04

9 8R 4 56E

U 2C

74LS 04

5 6R 5 56E

R 148K 2

+ C 16

10uF

P 33

P 06

P 24P 14

P 31

P 04P 03

P 15

P 20

P 25

P 02P 01

P 07

P 21

P 23

P 00

P 22

P 30

P 13 P 26

P 32

P 35P 34

P 17P 16

P 12 P 27

P 05

P 11P 10

R E S E T

P 00 d P 01 f

P 02 dp P 03 c

P 04 e P 05 g

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Magna31C - 003 - 102002

MA G N A 31C - E m bedded S y stem Tra iner (K E Y B O A R D C O N TR O LLE R )


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313131

4.1 Introduction

This part gives information on using the Topview Trainer in stand-alone

configuration which uses onboard keyboard and seven segment displays for

user interaction.

This chapter explains the various functions available with the trainer. The monitor

program resides in the flash area of the controller. The monitor program controls

all the operations of the trainer. It is designed to respond to the user through

the keypad.

The simple layout of the keyboard is shown below:

The descriptions of the keys are:

Key 1 - Hex key value 0 / Examine Register Function / Bank 0

Key 2 - Hex key value 1 / Copy External Function / Bank 1

Key 3 - Hex key value 2 / Fill External Memory Function / Bank 2

Key 4 - Hex key value 3 / Copy Internal Memory Function / Bank 3

Key 5 - Hex key value 4 / Fill Internal Memory Function / TCON

Chapter 4 - Keyboard Operations

S P

8

EXAMINT

key 21

STEP

key 22

EXE

key 23

EXAMEXT

key 24

GO

key 17

NEXT

key 18

BACK

key 19

RST

key 20

key 13

key 9

key 5

key 1

PCH

C

Bank0

0ExamineRegister

P S W

9

key 14

key 10

key 6

key 2

PCL

D

ACC

A

key 15

key 11

key 7

key 3

DPH

E

B

B

key 16

key 12

key 8

key 4

DPL

F

Bank1

1Copy

External

Bank2

2Fil l

External

Bank3

3Copy

Internal

TCON

4FILL

Internal

TMOD

5Copy

Int to Ext

SCON

6Copy

Ext to Int

IE

7Load

Examples

323232

Introduction

Key 6 - Hex key value 5 / Copy Internal to External Memory Function / TMOD

Key 7 - Hex key value 6 / Copy External to Internal Memory Function / SCON

Key 8 - Hex key value 7 / IE / Load Examples

Key 9 - Hex key value 8 / SP

Key 10 - Hex key value 9 / PSW

Key 11 - Hex key value 0A / ACC

Key 12 - Hex key value 0B / B

Key 13 - Hex key value 0C / PCH

Key 14 - Hex key value 0D / PCL

Key 15 - Hex key value 0E / DPH

Key 16 - Hex key value 0F / DPL

Key 17 - Go Function (Execute program from given address)

Key 18 - Next key

Key 19 - Back key

Key 20 - Reset key

Key 21 - Examine Internal Memory Function

Key 22 - Single Step Function

Key 23 - Execute Function

Key 24 - Examine External Memory Function


333333

Introduction

Some of the keys in the keyboard will have multiple functions and all the functions

are represented clearly on the top surface of each key in the trainer for your

convenience.

Condition 1:

When the sign on message/command prompt appears on the display, the hex

keys will act as function keys.

For example, if you press 0 key under reset condition, the examine register

function will became active and the control enters into that function.

The keys and their functions are listed below.

<0> - Examine Register Function

<1> - Copy External Function

<2> - Fill External Memory Function

<3> - Copy Internal Memory Function

<4> - Fill Internal Memory Function

<5> - Copy Internal to External Memory Function

<6> - Copy External to Internal Memory Function

<7> - Load Examples

Condition 2:

When the monitor waits for data or address entry, the hex key pad will act as

number keys and the value from 0-F can be keyed in.

Condition 3:

The third option will come into action when the monitor is in the examine register

function. After entering examine register function, the hex key pad will act as

register selection keys and any register can be selected for viewing/editing.


343434

Introduction

The keys and their functions are listed below.

<0> - Bank 0

<1> - Bank 1

<2> - Bank 2

<3> - Bank 3

<4> - TCON

<5> - TMOD

<6> - SCON

<7> - IE

<8> - SP

<9> - PSW

<A> - ACC

<B> - B

<C> - PCH

<D> - PCL

<E> - DPH

<F> - DPL

During Power on reset the monitor initializes the complete system and displays

a sign on message ‘- - 80 31’ on the seven segment displays. Further commands

can be entered from the keyboard when the sign on message appears.

During any operation, when EXE key is pressed a prompt ‘-‘ appears on the

display. This symbol also indicates that the trainer is ready to accept any

command.

Hence under the reset condition of the trainer (during sign on message display)

and also when a ‘-‘ prompt appears on the display, the monitor waits for the

user’s response.

The address is displayed in the first 4 digits of the display and the data is

displayed in the next 2 digits of the display as shown below.


353535

Introduction

Digits

1 2 3 4 5 6

Address Data

field field

Various operations can be carried out using the available function keys. Hence

care is taken here to explain the operations that can be carried out with this

trainer. The flow of the operation and the key strokes to be used are given in

detail in step by step format for every operation separately. Various possible

operations are listed below:

1. Enter/view a program.

2. Execute a program.

3. Examine Register function.

4. Single Step Execution and debugging.

5. Examine Internal Data Memory function.

6. Data Fill function (External Memory).

7. Block Copy function (External Memory).

8. Data Fill function (Internal Memory).

9. Block Copy function (Internal Memory).

10. Block Copy function (From Internal Memory to External Memory).

11. Block Copy function (From External Memory to Internal Memory).

12. Load Examples function.

Note:

When the dot point(.) appears in the fourth digit of the display, it indicates

that the monitor waits for the entry of the address. Similarly when the dot point

(.) appears in the sixth digit of the display, the monitor prompts for the entry of

data.


363636

4.2 Enter / View a Program

The first step in using the trainer is to enter a program into the RAM area of the

trainer. This can be carried out using the keys, EXAM EXT, NEXT, BACK keys.

The available RAM area is 8000H to FCFFH. Use this area to store both program

and data.

The flow of the program entry is shown below.

Press RST key to reset the trainer

Display shows the message ‘- - 80 31’

Press EXAM EXT key

Display is cleared and a dot appears in the fourth

digit of the Address field which prompts you to

enter the address.

Use the hex keypad (0-F keys) and enter the

address o f the loca t ion . The address ge ts

displayed in the address field.

Press the NEXT key.


373737

Enter / View a Program

The content of that memory location is displayed

in the data field and a dot appears in the right edge

of the data field.

Enter a new data and press NEXT key. Only then

the data will be stored in the specified address of

the RAM. The next address then appears in the

address field of the display.

Press the BACK key to view/edit the previous

Location. After editing press NEXT to store the

contents

Repeat the above steps to enter program line by

line in the required locations.

Press EXE key to terminate this command. A

command prompt ‘-’ appears on the display.


383838

Enter / View a Program

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

KEYKEYKEYKEYKEY DISPLAYDISPLAYDISPLAYDISPLAYDISPLAY COMMENTCOMMENTCOMMENTCOMMENTCOMMENT

PRESSEDPRESSEDPRESSEDPRESSEDPRESSED ADDRESSADDRESSADDRESSADDRESSADDRESS DATADATADATADATADATA

FIELDFIELDFIELDFIELDFIELD FIELDFIELDFIELDFIELDFIELD

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RST - - 8 0 3 1 ;System reset.

EXAM

EXT . ;Examine memory command.

8 0 0 0 8. ;First memory location

0 0 0 8 0. ;to be examined is 8000H.

0 0 8 0 0.

0 8 0 0 0.

NEXT 8 0 0 0 X X. ;Content of this location.

NEXT 8 0 0 1 X X. ;Content of 8001H.

1 8 0 0 1 0 1. ;New data-17H to be entered

7 8 0 0 1 1 7.

NEXT 8 0 0 2 X X. ;Data is entered.

EXE - ;Command termination

;prompt


393939

4.3 Execute a Program

To execute a program stored in the RAM in full speed, use ‘GO’ command

followed by the starting address.

Once the execution command is activated, the monitor transfers control to the

user program and the execution starts from the user specified address. To stop

execution at any time, reset the trainer with the help of the reset key. Then the

control will be transferred again to the monitor program.

The following sequence will give an idea of how to execute a program.

Check for the reset condition of the trainer. If not

press the reset key


Press GO key

Already stored execution address will be displayed

in the address field, a dot point appears in the

fourth digit of the address field which prompts you

to enter a new address.


starting address of the program. The address

gets displayed in the address field.

Press the EXE key.


404040

Execute a Program

The display field gets cleared and a character ‘E’

will be displayed in the first digit of the display.

This indicates that the control is transferred to the

user program.

In order to break execution press the RST key.

This resets the trainer and transfers control to the

monitor program.

The following example gives an actual picture of the execution process.

Example:

Consider a simple example program.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ADDRADDRADDRADDRADDR OBJECT CODEOBJECT CODEOBJECT CODEOBJECT CODEOBJECT CODE MNEMONICMNEMONICMNEMONICMNEMONICMNEMONIC COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT COMMENT

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

8100 B2 94 CPL P1.4 ;Complement the Level at

;portline P1.4

8102 12 F6 60 LCALL F660 ;Delay for one second

;(approx)

8105 80 F9 SJMP 8100 ;Repeat


414141

Execute a Program

To run above mentioned program,

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RST - - 8 0 3 1 ;System reset.

GO X X X X. X X ;Go command.

8 0 0 0 8. ;Enter the address of the

;program.

1 0 0 8 1.

0 0 8 0 0.

0 8 0 0 0.

EXE E ;Program is under execution


424242

4.4 Examine Register

The general purpose registers (register banks) and the special function registers

of the 8031 microcontroller can be viewed/edited by using this function.

This function also helps to check the register contents during single step

operation.

Check for the reset condition of the trainer. If not

press the reset key


Press Examine Register key

Display is cleared and a dot appears in the address

field. Press the NEXT key to view the first register

(ACC) contents. Otherwise, to view a particular

register (SFR), press the respective key. Refer to

keyboard layout which shows the keys used for

viewing/editing registers.

Press the NEXT key to view the next register.

Press the BACK key to view the previous register

contents


434343

Examine Register

Use the hex keypad (0-F keys) to change the

register contents and press NEXT key to update

that register with new data.

In order to terminate the function press the EXE

key. The display gives a ‘-‘ prompt and now the

other commands can be executed.

Note:

To view the registers of respective bank, press the respective bank number

key when a dot point appears in the display.

The bank number will be displayed in the first digit. To select a particular register

in that bank, press any one of the keys from 0 to 7. The contents of the selected

register will be displayed. Then use NEXT or BACK key to view the next/previous

registers.

The following table defines the processor ’s register ’s name, the display

abbreviation and the sequence in which the registers are examined.

Display Name of the register

1. ACC ACCUMULATOR.

2. b B Register

3. dph Data pointer register higher byte.

4. dpl Data pointer Register lower byte.

5. pch Program counter - higher byte.

6. pcl Program counter - lower byte.

7. psw Program status word.

8. sp Stack pointer.

9. Ip Interrupt priority control.

10. IE Interrupt enable control.


444444

Examine Register

11. tmod Timer / Counter mode control.

12. tcon Timer / Counter control.

13. 2mod Timer / Counter 2 mode control register (T2MOD) .

14. 2con Timer / Counter 2 mode control register (T2CON) .

15. tH0 Timer / Counter 0 higher byte.

16. tL0 Timer / Counter 0 lower byte.





21. CAPH Timer 2 Capture Register higher byte (RCAP2H).

22. CAPL Timer 2 Capture Register Lower byte (RCAP2L).

23. Scon Serial control.

24. Sbuf Serial data buffer.

25. pcon Power control.

26. 0 r0 Register Bank 0. Register 0.






32. 0 r6 Register Bank 0. Register 6














454545

Examine Register














To terminate this command, press the key EXE at any point of the above mentioned

operation.

Note:

At any time, if you reset the trainer, the special function registers (SFR’s) and

R0 of Bank 0 in internal RAM will get affected. Consider the following conditions:

Case 1:

To debug your program, if you want to set some values in the SFR before

execution and these values should be taken into consideration during execution,

follow the steps shown below:

1. Set the SFR’s using Examine Register function and quit the function by

pressing EXE key. You should not reset the trainer to come out of the

function, because resetting will change the SFR contents.

2. Use GO function to execute the program when the ‘-‘ prompt appears on

the display. During execution the set register values will be taken into

consideration.


464646

Examine Register

Case 2:

If you try to store the result of any operation in SFRs during execution and

verify it after completing the execution. The only way to come out of execution

is to reset the trainer. Resetting will change the SFR contents. Hence store the

result in external RAM/internal RAM for viewing or use single step execution,

which facilitates viewing register contents after executing each instruction.

Examples:

Examine and modify register.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

RST - - 8 0 3 1 ;System Reset.

Examine

Register . ;Examine register command

NEXT A c c X X. ;contents of 1st register

NEXT b X X. ;Contents of 2nd register

1 b 0 1. ;modify the contents

5 b 1 5. ;of b

NEXT d p H X X.

EXE - ;Command termination prompt


474747

Examine Register

Examine and modify register bank register

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Examine

Register . ;Examine register command

Bank0 0 ;Select bank 0

3 0 r 3 X X. ;select register r3

1 0 r 3 0 1. ;modify the contents

6 0 r 3 1 6. ;Of r3 of bank 0

NEXT 0 r 4 X X. ;contents of next register

EXE - ;Command termination prompt


484848

4.5 Single Step Execution and Debugging

Single step execution as the name implies is used to execute the total program

instruction by instruction.

This feature is very useful to debug a program. After executing an instruction in

your program, the control is returned to the monitor program if necessary and

this permits using other functions like Examine Register, EXAM INT, EXAM

EXT to verify the result of executing an instruction.

The step by step execution process along with using other functions is explained

below.

Check for the reset condition of the trainer.

If not, press the RST key


Press STEP key

Disp lay is c leared and the a l ready s to red

execution address will be displayed along with a

dot in the fourth digit of the address field.


starting address of the program if any change is

required. The address gets displayed in the

address field.

Press the NEXT key.


494949

Single Step Execution and Debugging

The first instruction gets executed and the next

instruction address gets displayed in the display.

At this juncture, the result of executing the first

instruction can be verified. Press EXE key to halt the

single step execution temporarily.

A prompt ‘-‘ appears on the display. Now use any

other functions like Examine Internal Memory or

Examine Register to view the data in the memory

and the registers respectively.

After viewing either register/memory contents

press EXE key. Once again the ‘-‘ prompt appears

on the display.

Press STEP key to enter again into single step

execution. The current instruction to be executed

will be displayed

Press NEXT key for executing one more instruction

and proceed with single step further.

Press EXE key or Reset the trainer to terminate

the command.


505050

4.6 Examine/Modify Internal Data Memory

This function as the name implies helps to examine or modify the contents of

the internal data memory.

Check for ‘-‘ prompt or the sign on message.

Press EXAM INT key

Display is cleared and a dot appears in the fourth

digit of the Address field which prompts for the

starting address of the internal memory.


required starting address or just press the NEXT

key.

When NEXT key is pressed without entering the

starting address, the RAM address starts at 00H,

otherwise at the user specified address.

The relevant data will be displayed along with the

address. Modify the data using hex keypad (0 - F)

keys if necessary.

Press NEXT key after any modification in the data,

otherwise the change will not be stored in the RAM.


515151

Examine/Modify Internal Data Memory

Press NEXT key to view the next location. Similarly

press BACK key to view the previous location

contents.

After viewing memory contents press EXE key. The

command prompt ‘-‘ appears on the display.

Example.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


EXAM

INT . ;Examine Internal memory

NEXT 0 0 X X.

NEXT 0 1 X X.

2 0 1 0 2.

5 0 1 2 5. ;Enter the data 25.

NEXT 0 2 X X.

EXE - ;Command termination.


525252

4.7 Data Fill ( External Memory )

This function is useful when a block of external memory is required to be filled

with the same data.

Reset the trainer by pressing RST key


Press Fill External key

A message ‘SA’ appears on the data field along

with the already stored starting address in the

address field.

Enter the starting address and press the NEXT

key, if necessary

The monitor will then prompt for the ending address

entry with a message ‘EA’ in the data field. Already

stored ending address will be displayed in the

address field.

If necessary alter the address and press the NEXT

key. The next entry will be the data, which is

indicated by a message ‘dAtA’.


535353

Data Fill ( External Memory )

Enter the new data to be used for filling the block

and press EXE key.

The monitor completes the filling operation and

displays the Command prompt.

Note:

Error occurs under the following conditions.

1.When the ending address is less than the starting address of the block

2.When the block or part of the block is nonexistent.

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Fill

External X X X X. S A ;Fill External memory

8 0 0 0 8. S A

0 0 0 8 0. S A

0 0 8 0 0. S A ;Starting address of the

0 8 0 0 0. S A ;block 8000H

NEXT X X X X. E A

8 0 0 0 8. E A

0 0 0 8 0. E A

5 0 8 0 5. E A ;Ending address of the

0 8 0 5 0. E A ;block 8050H

NEXT d A t A X X. ;filling data

1 d A t A 0 1.

EXE - ;Command prompt appears

;after completing fill

;operation


545454

4.8 Block Copy ( External Memory )

This function is useful when a block of data is copied from one area of external

memory to another area in the external memory.



Press Copy External key

A message ‘SA’ appears in the data field along


address field.


key




address field.


key. The next entry will be the destination address,

mentioned in the display as ‘dA’.


555555

Block Copy ( External Memory )

Enter the destination address and press EXE key.

The monitor completes the block copy operation

and displays the Command prompt.

Note:



2.If any one of the blocks are out of range (8000H to FEFFH)

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Copy

External X X X X. S A ;Copy command.

8 0 0 0 8. S A

0 0 0 8 0. S A

0 0 8 0 0. S A ;Starting address of the

0 8 0 0 0. S A ;block 8000H

NEXT X X X X. E A

8 0 0 0 8. E A

1 0 0 8 1. E A

0 0 8 1 0. E A ;Ending address of the

0 8 1 0 0. E A ;block 8100H

NEXT X X X X. d A

9 0 0 0 9. d A

0 0 0 9 0. d A

0 0 9 0 0. d A ;Destination address

0 9 0 0 0. d A

EXE - ;Command prompt appears.


565656

4.9 Data Fill ( Internal Memory )

This function is used to fill a block of memory with the same data.



Press Fill Internal key


with the already stored starting address of the

internal memory in the address field.


key, if a change is required




address field.


key. The next entry will be the data, which is

indicated by a message ‘dAtA’ and the already

stored data will be displayed.


575757

Data Fill ( Internal Memory )

Enter the new data to be used for filling the block

and press EXE key.

The monitor completes the filling operation of the

internal memory and displays the Command

prompt.

Note:



2.When the ending address is greater than FFH.

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Fill

Internal X X. S A ;Fill Internal memory

5 0 5. S A ;Starting address of

0 5 0. S A ;the block

NEXT X X. E A ;Ending address of

5 0 5. E A ;the block

F 5 F. E A

NEXT d A t A X X. ;fill data

1 d A t A 0 1.

EXE - ;Command prompt appears


585858

4.10 Block Copy ( Internal Memory )

Use this function to copy block of data from one area of internal memory to

another area in the internal memory.



Press Copy Internal key



address field.


key, if necessary




address field.

The next entry will be the destination address,

mentioned in the display as ‘dA’.


595959

Block Copy ( Internal Memory )


The monitor completes the block move operation

and displays the command prompt.

Note:



2.When any one of the addresses (starting, ending, destination) is greater

than FFH.

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Copy

Internal X X. S A ;Copy Internal memory.

4 0 4. S A ;Starting address of

0 4 0. S A ;the block



F 4 F. E A

NEXT X X. d A ;Destination address

5 0 5. d A

0 5 0. d A



606060

4.11 Block Copy ( From Internal Memory to External Memory )

This function helps to copy a block of data from internal memory to another

block in external memory.



Press Copy Int to Ext key


with the already stored starting address of the

internal memory in the address field.


key




address field.


key.

The next entry will be the destination address for

the external memory, with a message ‘dA’.


616161

Block Copy ( From Internal Memory to External Memory )


The monitor completes the block copy operation from

the internal memory to the External memory and

displays the Command prompt.

Note:


1. When the ending address is less than the starting address of the block

2. When the starting address and ending address is greater than FFH.

3. When destination block appears in the nonexistent RAM area.

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Copy

Int to Ext X X. S A ;Copy from internal mem

;to external mem.

5 0 5. S A ;Starting address of the

0 5 0. S A ;block internal memory



F 5 F. E A

NEXT X X X X. d A ;destination address of

9 0 0 0 9. d A ;external memory

0 0 0 9 0. d A

0 0 9 0 0. d A

0 9 0 0 0. d A



626262

4.12 Block Copy ( From External Memory to Internal Memory )

Use this function to copy a block of data from external memory to another block

in internal memory.


Display shows the message ‘- -80 31’

Press Copy Ext to Int key

The monitor prompts for the starting address by

displaying a message ‘SA’ in the data field


key


with a message ‘EA’ in the data field.


key. The next entry will be the destination address

of the internal memory. The message will be ‘dA’.



636363

Block Copy ( From External Memory to Internal Memory )

The monitor completes the block copy operation

and displays the command prompt.

Note:



2.When the destination address is greater than FFH.

3.When the source block appears in the nonexistent RAM area.

Example:

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------




-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Copy

Ext to Int X X X X. S A ;Copy from external mem

;to internal mem.

8 0 0 0 8. S A

0 0 0 8 0. S A

0 0 8 0 0. S A ;Starting address of

0 8 0 0 0. S A ;the block 8000H

NEXT X X X X. E A

8 0 0 0 8. E A

0 0 0 8 0. E A

0 0 8 0 0. E A ;Ending address of

F 8 0 0 F. E A ;the block 800FH

NEXT X X. d A

5 0 5. d A

0 5 0. d A



646464

4.13 Load Examples

All the example programs and other useful routines supplied in the examples

part of the manual are stored in the flash memory of the Microcontroller along

with the monitor program.

Use this function to load the example programs and routines from the flash to

the RAM locations (F600H to FCFFH).

This function saves your time and avoids the tedious process of entering the

opcodes for the example programs and the relevant routines.

Reset the trainer by pressing RST key.

Display shows the message “- - 8031 “

Press Load Examples key

Monitor displays a message ‘ LoAd E ’ and prompts

the user for a confirmation.

Press EXE to confirm the loading operation.

The monitor copies the program from the flash area to the RAM locations F600H

to FCFFH and displays the command prompt.

You can execute the programs using Go command. Refer to the Software

Examples Manual for more details on example programs and routines.


656565

Load Examples

Note:

When you execute this function the RAM locations F600H to FCFFH will be

loaded with example programs and useful routines.

See that you don’t have your own programs in these locations while using

this function.


666666

676767

5.1 Introduction

Six digits of 7 segment displays, a keyboard with 24 high performance keys

and a dedicated Microcontroller forms keyboard and display section. A dedicated

Microcontroller Atmel’s AT89C51 is used here to control the operations of the

keyboard and the seven segment displays. Necessary control program is stored

in the flash of this dedicated controller.

The master controller AT89C52 which is in the main board communicates through

the serial port of this slave controller for interaction.

But in the case of master the only available serial port is used for communicating

with the PC and hence the second serial port is simulated using port lines.

The baud rate used for communication between the controllers is 2400.

.

Master controller sends necessary commands to the slave controller which in

turn decodes the commands and sends necessary control signals to the

keyboard and the display for proper operation.

Let us discuss the keyboard and the display separately.

5.2 Seven Segment Display

The seven segment displays are connected in multiplexed form to the slave

controller to Port 0. The segments of all digits are connected and Port 1 is

used to drive the displays.

The following table gives the bit position of the segments.

Bit position D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D0

Segment a b g e c ! f d

Chapter 5 - Keyboard and Display

686868

Seven Segment Display

Make the bit position of the segment as ‘1’ when it is to be enabled. For

hexadecimal numbers the required display data values is as shown below.

Number display data

0 0DBH

1 048H

2 0F1H

3 0E9H

4 06AH

5 0ABH

6 0BBH

7 0C8H

8 0FBH

9 0EBH

A 0FAH

B 03BH

C 093H

D 079H

E 0B3H

F 0B2H

The slave expects a command word for selecting any digit in the display. Send

the command word followed by the seven segment data to be displayed. The

command words and the relevant digits are shown here.

Digit number Command word

1 90H

2 91H

3 92H

4 93H

5 94H

6 95H


696969

Seven Segment Display

Necessary routines are given in the Software Examples Manual. The routines

are also stored in the flash of the master controller and the relevant addresses

are supplied there. Simply use LCALL instruction to call those routines.

5.3 Keyboard

The keyboard consists of 24 high performance keys controlled by the slave

controller. Port 2 and Port 3 lines of the dedicated slave controller are used for

interfacing the keyboard.

The high performance keys are scanned and checked by the slave for any key

press. The slave controller also sends back the pressed key value to the master

whenever requested.

Two command words are used for this purpose.

Command word 0A0H is issued by the master to make the slave scan the keyboard

for any key press. If the return value from the slave controller is a non zero

value then a key has been pressed.

Another command word 0A1H, which makes the slave read the value of the

pressed key and return it to the master.


707070

717171

6.1 Introduction

This chapter gives information on various signals and connectors available in

the Topview Trainer. You can refer previous chapter 3 to locate the signal/

connector place.

In total, there are three connectors and one jumper.

CON1 - Bus Connector

CON2 - Power Connector

CON3 - Serial Port Connector

CON1 - Bus Connector

1. AD0 2. AD1

3. AD2 4. AD3

5. AD4 6. AD5

7. AD6 8. AD7

9. A0 10. A1

11. A2 12. A3

13. A4 14. A5

15. A6 16. A7

17. I/O ENABLE 18. GND

19. RD 20. WR

21. +5V 22. GND

23. A8 24. A9

25. A10 26. A11

27. A12 28. A13

29. A14 30. A15

31. P1.0 32. P3.0

33. P1.1 34. P3.1

35. P1.2 36. P3.2

37. P1.3 38. P3.3

39. P1.4 40. P3.4

41. P1.5 42. P3.5

Chapter 6 - Connector and Jumper Details

727272

Connector and Jumper Details

43. P1.6 44. P3.6

45. P1.7 46. P3.7

47. +5V 48. GND

49. +5V 50. GND

CON 2 - Power Supply Connector

1 & 2 - +5V

3 & 4 - GND

CON 3 - Serial Port Connector

2. RXD

3. TXD

5. GND

JUMPER - J1

Short pins 1 & 2 for selecting external code memory ( EPROM ).

Short pins 2 & 3 for internal memory selection.

JUMPER - J2

Short pins 1 & 2 for Bus Connector.

Short pins 2 & 3 for Serial Port

JUMPER - J3

Short pins 1 & 2 for Bus Connector.

Short pins 2 & 3 for Serial Port

Chapter 6 - Connector and Jumper Details

737373

7.1 Introduction

The Topview Trainer is supported with an add-on board that contains many

external interfacing options to implement many real time applications. Because

of this add-on board, the utility of the trainer is enhanced in many ways. Facilities

like Real Time Clock, 12 bit ADC, 8 bit DAC, Serial EEPROM, LCD module are

made available in that add-on board to equip you to face real life challenges.

The following list gives the features of the add-on board :

! I2C RTC with battery backup.

! I2C EEPROM.

! 12 Bit Analog to Digital Converter with 8 input multiplexer.

! LCD Module with 2 line X 16 characters.

! Parallel Printer Port.

! Drivers for 2 Stepping Motors.

! 16 output port lines and 16 input port lines.

! An 8 bit Digital to Analog converter.

This chapter gives complete description about all these interfacing options and

also the schematic circuit diagram meant for the board.

Address Decoder for the Add-on Board:

The address of all these peripheral modules are generated using IOENABLE

control line coming out of the trainer. This control line is available in the Bus

connector. This IOENABLE line becomes active (active low) between the

address range, FF00H to FFFFH.

8 numbers of Chip Enable signals are generated using a 3 to 8 decoder.

IOENABLE controls this decoder. The address lines A2, A3 and A4 are connected

at decoder inputs. With this arrangement you get 8 different distinctive Chip

Enable Signals are given here:

Chapter 7 - Add-on Board

747474

Introduction

Chip Enable Signals Address Range Peripheral

CE0 FF00H to FF03H LCD

CE1 FF04H to FF07H Printer Port

CE2 FF08H to FF0BH Printer Port

CE3 FF0CH to FF0FH ADC

CE4 FF10H to FF13H Stepping Motors

CE5 FF14H to FF17H I/O Lines

CE6 FF18H to FF1BH I/O Lines

CE7 FF1CH to FFFFH DAC

7.2 I2C Bus Based EEPROM and RTC

The add-on board sports I2C bus based EEPROM and RTC devices Reference

information can be stored in the EEPROM and RTC takes care of timing

requirements of real life applications. These two devices have common bus

lines and are connected with the port lines P1.2 and P1.3 through jumpers. As

you can notice, these port lines are also connected to the Toggle switches in

the trainer board itself. So, to get trouble free operation from these I2C devices,

these toggle switches should be kept in OFF position. Otherwise these I2C

devices may not behave properly.

The RTC device used in the add-on board is one of the most popular timing

device from Philips, PCF8583. Apart from timing operations the device also

carries 256 bytes of RAM.

A 32.768KHz crystal is connected between pins 1 and 2 to generate the required

system clock. Also a 10pf capacitor is connected between pins 1 and 8 for fine-

tuning.

The A0 line of the device is connected to low level. The data line, SDA is

connected to the port line P1.3 and the clock, SCL is connected to the port line

P1.2 of the microcontroller.


757575

I2C Bus Based EEPROM and RTC

A simple battery 3.6V is available on-board to retain the timing information in

case of power failure.

One of the most popular EEPROM from the Atmel’s table, AT24C04 of 512 bytes

capacity is used in the add-on board. You can keep reference information,

calibration tables, Set value variables in this EEPROM in real life applications.

The A0 line of the AT24C04 is pulled upto high level and other address lines A1

and A2 are connected to the low level. The Data line, SDA is connected to the

port line P1.3 of the microcontroller and the clock line SCL is connected with

the port line P1.2.

In case of requirement, you can add three more EEPROM devices with this I2C

bus with different combination of address lines.

7.3 LCD Module Interfacing

A LCD module of configuration 2 lines X 16 character is available in the add-on

board. The module is connected with the microcontroller’s bus in 8 bit interfacing

format. The data lines of the bus, AD0 to AD7 are connected to pins 7 to 14 of

the LCD module.

The address lines A0 and A1 of the microcontroller is connected to R/W (pin 5)

and RS (pin 4) of LCM.


767676

LCD Module Interfacing

The addresses for different operations are tabulated here:

Write Command FF00H.

Read Status FF01H

Write Data FF02H

Read Data FF03H

A variable resister is available to adjust the contrast of LCM.

7.4 Parallel Printer Port

The parallel printer port demands 10 output port lines and 5 input port lines.

This printer interface is designed using two latches, 74LS273, one buffer,

74LS244 and one open collector buffer 74LS07. The remaining unused lines of

printer interface are used for ADC part to create more utility.

The 10 output lines are available using two output ports, 74LS273 and 5 input

lines are generated using 74LS244. The Chip Enable Signals CE1 and CE2 are

used to address two output ports and CE1 line is also used address the input

port lines.

The input port lines D0 to D4 are used for the printer interface and the D7 line

is used for ADC status checking.

The first output port using CE1 is used as data lines. The D6 and D7 bit of the

second port is used as strobe and Initialize signals to the printer. These output

lines are connected to the printer using an open collector non inverting buffer,

74LS07.

The D0 to D4 bits of the second output port using CE2 used in the ADC interface.


777777

7.5 High Performance ADC Circuit

The ADC part of the add-on board is designed using Intersil’s most popular and

industry standard 12 bit Analog to Digital converter ICL 7109. In fact this

converter is capable of giving results in 12 bit absolute resolution along with 2

more bits for over range and polarity indications.

This ADC is supported with an 8 channel single ended input multiplexer using

CD 4051.

The AD converter is capable of managing low speed input signals upto 30

samples per second. Ideally this is suitable for measuring temperature, pressure,

load cell variables. The polarity bit indicates the polarity of the input signal.

The over range bit indicates the pressure of analog input voltages exceeding

maximum input limits.

The reference voltage for this AD converter is given between pins 39 and 36.

Maximum allowable input range is twice of this reference voltage. You can even

adjust this reference voltage using a variable resister in the board.

The output of ADC is coming in a 14 bit format and the microcontroller reads

this in two read cycles.

If you read the address FF0CH, the data bits B0 to B7 of ADC are read into

controller. When reading the next location, FF0DH you can get remaining 4

data bits, polarity and Over Range bits.

The D0 to D4 bits of output port at address (FF08H to FF0BH) are used to

select analog input channel and also enabling the multiplexer.


787878

7.6 Stepping Motors

Incorporating drivers for the stepping motors is a relatively an easy affair. The

add-on board contains drivers to control two motors. Anywhere, this document

doesn’t give any detailed information on these motors. You can refer any decent

text book to get the correct picture on these motors.

Basically to drive a stepping motor, you need 4 output lines and these lines

control 4 phases (corresponding to 4 windings of the stepping motor).

So, as you can see, a facility to drive a byte of data is sufficient to control

these two stepping motors. The lower nibble drives one motor and upper nibble

takes care of second motor.

Power transistors are used to source required high current into motor windings.

The most popular transistors BC147, SL100 and 2N 3055 are used for this

purpose.

7.7 Input/output Port lines

No trainer is complete without input and output port lines. So this add-on board

comes with 32 I/O lines to take care of operations. You can use these lines to

manage relays, solenoids, input sensing, output driving requirements. There

are two output latches ( 16 output lines) using 74LS273 and two input buffers

(16 input lines) using 74LS244.

The Chip Enable Signals CE5 and CE6 used to control these I/O devices. The

access addresses are FF14H and FF18H. The same address is used for both

input and output operations. If you read that address input buffers are accessed

and when you write into a latch, that latch becomes output port.


797979

7.8 Digital to Analog Converter

This 8 bit DAC is an after thought in this add-on board. It is designed using

DAC 0808 or AD1408.

One 8 bit output latch, 74LS273 is used to drive out the digital data and the

OP-AMP, LM741 sitting at the output of DAC device generates the required

output analog voltage. The Chip Enable Signal CE7 is meant for this DAC. A

variable resistor is provided to adjust the output range.

You can have the choice of getting unipolar or bipolar analog output from the

DAC.


808080

+5V

+5V

(F F 00H to F F 03H )

(F F 04H to F F 07H )

(F F 08H to F F 0B H )

(F F 0C H to F F 0F H )

(F F 10H to F F 13H )

(F F 14H to F F 17H )

(F F 18H to F F 1B H )

(F F 1C H to F F 1F H )

C O N 5

B U S C onnec tor

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

17

19

21

23

25

27

29

31

33

35

37

39

41

43

45

47

49

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

22

24

26

28

30

32

34

36

38

40

42

44

46

48

50

C 1 0.1uF

U 1

74LS 138

A1

B2

C3

G1

6

G 2A4

G 2B5

Y 015

Y 114

Y 213

Y 312

Y 411

Y 510

Y 69

Y 77

VC

C16

GN

D8

A D 1

A D 3

A D 5

A D 7

A 1

A 3

A 5

A 7

W R

A 9

A 11

A 13

A 15

P 3.0

P 3.1

P 3.2

P 3.3

P 3.4

P 3.5

P 3.6

P 3.7P 1.7

P 1.6

P 1.5

P 1.4

P 1.3

P 1.2

P 1.1

P 1.0

A 14

A 12

A 10

A 8

IO E N A B LE

A 6

A 4

A 2

A 0

A D 6

A D 4

A D 2

A D 0

C E 0

C E 1

C E 2

C E 3

C E 4

C E 5

C E 7

C E 6IO E N A B LE

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A 3

A 4

P S E N /R D

Magna31C - 002 - 102002

A dd on C ard f o r Magna31c Tra iner


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D 18

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D 512

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U 4B

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4

56

U 4A

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1

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U 4C

74LS 00

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108

U 5A

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Magna31C - 002 - 102002



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416

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1A 48

2A 111

2A 213

2A 315

2A 417

1G1

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1Y 118

1Y 216

1Y 314

1Y 412

2Y 19

2Y 27

2Y 35

2Y 43

VC

C20

GN

D10

C 8

0.1uFU 11

74LS273

D 13

D 24

D 37

D 48

D 513

D 614

D 717

D 818

CLK

11C

LR1

Q 12

Q 25

Q 36

Q 49

Q 512

Q 615

Q 716

Q 819

VC

C20

GN

D10

U 9

74LS273

D 13

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D 37

D 48

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D 614

D 717

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CLK

11C

LR1

Q 12

Q 25

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Q 49

Q 512

Q 615

Q 716

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VC

C20

GN

D10

C 7

0.1uF

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AD 6

AD 3

AD 7

AD 4

AD 1

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PSEN /R D

STATU S

Magna31C - 002 - 102002



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I /O 312

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C E /LO A D20

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Magna31C - 002 - 102002



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11

CLR

1

Q 12

Q 25

Q 36

Q 49

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Q 615

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C20

GN

D10

C 17 0.1uF

P H A S E 1

MO TO R 1Q 1B C 547

R 8 470E

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D 4

IN 4007

P H A S E 2

MO TO R 1Q 4B C 547

R 10 470E

R 9 2K 2

Q 62N 3055

Q 5S L100

D 5

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P H A S E 3

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R 12 470E

R 11 2K 2

Q 92N 3055

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D 7

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Q 11S L100

Q 122N 3055

R 13 2K 2

R 14 470E

Q 10B C 547

P H A S E 4

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M1 P H A S E 1

M1 P H A S E 2

M1 P H A S E 3

M1 P H A S E 4

M2 P H A S E 1

A D 2

A D 0

A D 4

A D 5

A D 3

A D 7

A D 1

A D 6

C E 4

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M2 P H A S E 4

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M1 P H A S E 2

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Magna31C - 002 - 102002



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Magna31C - 002 - 102002



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Q 14S L100

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Q 13B C 547 R 16 470E

P H A S E 1

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Q 17S L100

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R 17 2K 2

Q 16B C 547 R 18 470E

P H A S E 2

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Q 20S L100

D 10

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R 19 2K 2

Q 19B C 547 R 20 470E

P H A S E 3

MO TO R 2

P H A S E 4

MO TO R 2R 22 470E

Q 22B C 547

R 21 2K 2

Q 242N 3055

D 11

IN 4007

Q 23S L100

U 20A

7432

1

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C 18 0.1uF C 19 0.1uF

R 252K 2

R 232K 2

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-

+

U 21

LM7413

26

74

C 20

15P F

R 264K 7

C 220.1uF

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74LS 273

D 13

D 24

D 37

D 48

D 513

D 614

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11

CLR

1

Q 12

Q 25

Q 36

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M2 P H A S E 2

M2 P H A S E 3

M2 P H A S E 4

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A D 0

A D 4

A D 5

A D 3

A D 7

A D 1

A D 6

W R

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+5V +5V

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4

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D 48

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CLK

11C

LR1

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Q 25

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GN

D10

C 24

0.1uF

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74LS 273

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VC

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GN

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U 20D

7432

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74LS 244

1A 12

1A 24

1A 36

1A 48

2A 111

2A 213

2A 315

2A 417

1G1

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1Y 118

1Y 216

1Y 314

1Y 412

2Y 19

2Y 27

2Y 35

2Y 43

VC

C20

GN

D10

C 25

0.1uFU 25

74LS 244

1A 12

1A 24

1A 36

1A 48

2A 111

2A 213

2A 315

2A 417

1G1

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1Y 118

1Y 216

1Y 314

1Y 412

2Y 19

2Y 27

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O 8

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O 14

O 10

O 12

O 11

O 13

C E 5 C E 6

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I4

I5

I0

I2

I1

I7

I3

I9

I8

I15

I14

I10

I12

I11

I13

A D 5

A D 6

A D 3

A D 7

A D 4

A D 1

A D 2

A D 0

A D 5

A D 6

A D 3

A D 7

A D 4

A D 1

A D 2

A D 0

A D 5

A D 6

A D 3

A D 7

A D 4

A D 1

A D 2

A D 0

A D 5

A D 6

A D 3

A D 7

A D 4

A D 1

A D 2

A D 0

P S E N /R D P S E N /R D

Magna31C - 002 - 102002



Tit le


D ate : S heet o f


878787

+5V

+5V

C O N 3

I /O C O N N E C TO R

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17 18

19 20

C O N 4

I /O C O N N E C TO R

1 2

3 4

5 6

7 8

9 10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17 18

19 20

O 5

O 6

O 3

O 7

O 4

O 1

O 2

O 0

I6

I4

I5

I0

I2

I1

I7

I3

O 8

O 11

O 10

O 13

O 9

O 14

O 15

O 12

I9

I8

I15

I14

I10

I12

I11

I13

Magna31C - 002 - 102002



Tit le


D ate : S heet o f


888888

FRONTLINE ELECTRONICS PVT LTD1/255C - Thatha Gounder St, Kumaran Nagar, Alagapuram,

Salem - 636 016, Tamilnadu. India.

Phone : 0091 427 - 244 9238 / 243 1312. Fax : 0091 427 - 244 9010.

Email : [email protected]

www.Frontline-Electronics.com

Documents

Hardware User Guide - frontline-electronics.comfrontline-electronics.com/.../TopviewTrainerHardwareUserGuide.pdf · Embedded System Trainer for 8031/8051 Microcontrollers Hardware