hawk eye technology in depth

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New Technology used in sports

BYJEES JOSE

47R7A


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IS

UMPIRE

DECISION ENOUGH???


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Contents INTRODUCTION

ABILITIES

PRINCIPLE TECHNOLOGY USED

STEPS FOLLOWED

APPLICATIONS

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

CONCLUSION

REFERENCES


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Introduction Hawk-Eyeis a computer system used

in cricket, tennis, snookers and other sports to visuallytrack the path of the ball and display a record of itsmost statistically likely path as a moving image

Hawk-Eye as the most innovative technology provider

in sports broadcasting and is a development that willreinforce the group's presence and influence.


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The hawk eye technology was invented by Dr Paul

Hawkins who used to be a cricketer and played forcountry side Buckinghamshire.

He has a PHD in Artificial Intelligence.


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It is primarily used by themajority of televisionnetworks to track thetrajectory of balls in flight.

It was developed byengineers at Roke ManorResearch Limited of UK

A patent was submittedby Dr Paul Hawkins andDavid Sherry.


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Abilities

Hawk-eyecan track anytype of bounce, spin,swing and seammovement of the ball.

Give a prediction asaccurate as 99.99 percent

Hawk-Eye was used forreferring decisions to thethird umpire in LBW.


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Principle of Hawk-Eye

A Hawk-Eye system is basedon the principleof Triangulation

Triangulationis the processof determining the locationof a point by

measuring anglesto it fromknown points at either endof a fixed baseline


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Technology

Hawk-Eye takes 2 inputs

1. Video provided by 6different cameras placed at6 different places.

2. The speed of the ball.

The system rapidly processes

the video feeds by a highspeed video processor.


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Hawk Eye incorporates both image analysis and radartechnology.

The six fixed JAI monochrome cameras, with a 120MHz frame rate, are placed around the playing field

They track the balls entire trajectory, right from thepoint where it is released from the bowlers hand tothe point the ball is considered dead.


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Features of Hawk-Eye

technology

The Hawk-Eye system consist of 2 significant parts.a) Tracking System

b) Video Replay System


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Tracking systemThere are 6 high speed vision processing cameras that track the ball

from the bowlers hand to batsman. The system will automatically

calculate the following step:

1. The speed of the ball leaving the bowlers hand.

2. The reaction time for the batsman.

3. The swing of the ball from the bowlers hand to where the ball

pitched.

4. Where the ball was bowled from.5. How much the ball bounced

6. How much the ball deviated sideways off the wicket(i.e. seam or

spin).

7. A prediction of where the ball would have passed the stump.


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Video replay system though the tracking data

provides the coaches and

players with the information

for how they have performed.

The hawk-eye cricket Systemcan incorporate more video

replay camera for better

analysis from different camera

angles, which can becontrolled remotely. The

video is captured and stored

digitally in hard disk.


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Processor follows 4 Steps

(a) identify each frame from eachcamera, and groups thecorresponding pixels to the

image of the ball

(b) compute for each frame the3D position of an image thus

identified using ball imagedata from at least twodifferent cameras


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(c)predict a ball f light-pathfrom the said 3D ballposition as computed insuccessive frames

(d) map the predicted pathon the modeled area soas to identify anyinteraction with one ormore of the saidcharacteristic features


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The images captured are then processed by softwareto produce a 3-D image.

This is updated 100 times every second.

The system is able to locate the ball in 3-D and canpredict the motion with a claimed accuracy of 5 mm


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The system generates agraphic image of the ballpath and playing area byusing which umpires takedecisions.

The same can be providedto the television viewersand coaching staff.


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ApplicationsIts applications are mainly in sports

Cricket

Tennis

Snookers and

In some games


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Cricket

Used in the third umpire decision(Referral system)

At the end of an over, all six deliveries are shownsimultaneously to show a bowler's variations such asbounce, speed variations and ball deviation.

To view the deviation of the ball from actual track.


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BOWLERS

See how fast they can bowlWatch each delivery back in

virtual reality

Measure how far they are

turning the ball throughspin, seam or swing.

BATSMEN

Analyse their play againstspin, seam or swing.

Improve awareness of theirfootwork and positioning

against different bowling.


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Tennis In tennis Hawk-Eye generates the impact of the ball

whether the ball is IN or OUT

Costs around $20,000-$25,000 per court for one week


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10 high-speed cameras at different angles andpositions around the court

Creates a 3D trajectory of the path of the ball

Uses the 3D trajectory to determine the exact touch

area the ball made with the court when it bounced
http://blog.jasontsang.ca/2006/07/technology-in-tennis-hawk-eye.html


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Football Hawk Eye install 7 cameras per goal, the most common

location is on the roof of the stadium, however there isa great deal of flexibility in the camera positions.


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The images from each of the cameras areprocessed to find the ball within the image and

also identify areas which are definitely not theball.

The system is able to find the ball if only a smallpart of the ball is visible in the image.


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GOAL ALERT

As soon as the system detectsthat the ball has crossed the goalline, it instantaneously sends asignal to the official watch.

The watch has been developedexclusively for Hawk-Eye byindustry leaders Adeunis.

It is technically possible to also

provide a near-miss signal to thewatches so the referee alsoreceives a positive confirmationthat the ball did not cross the

line.


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Snookers This technology is useful in cases where the cue ball

touches the specified ball first or any other ball.

Some games such as EA Cricket 2011also support thistechnology.

Games


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STRENGTHENING MILITAY POWER It is used to receive enemy location from far waydistance without coming to their notice.

E- 2C aircraft used by US army uses this technology.


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AUTOMOBILE FIELD Hunter engineering company

introduced Hawkeye to offershops the multiple benefits ofprecision, high speedalignment and greaterproductivity.

Hawkeye alignment system

significantly reduces servicetime by providing alignmentin less than two minutes.


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AdvantagesACCURACY

BENEFICIAL

REDUCES HUMAN EFFORTS


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Disadvantages

VERY EXPENSIVE

CHALLENGES UMPIRES DECISIONS


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Conclusion This technology has met the high reality and accuracy

features.

Hawk-Eye is currently developing a systemforFootball

This technology helps to have correct decisions in anykind of game.


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References:- GOOGLE.COM

YAHOO.COM

MSN.COM SCRIBD.COM


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Thank you

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hawk eye technology in depth