Hawk-Eye™ Systems Turfgrass User’s Guide & Informationturf-vu.com/docs/Hawk-Eye System User Guide.pdf · Hawk-Eye™ Systems Stress Quality Control Irrigation Jim Etro [email protected]

There are no boundaries when enthusiasm and excitement are applied to the task at hand.

Hawk-Eye™ Systems

Stress Quality

Control Irrigation Jim Etro

[email protected] 703-489-8507

Hawk-Eye™ is your translator.

24/7/365

Set-up your ALERTS

Listen to what your turf has to say.

See it – Measure it – Understand it – Manage it

Golf Courses

Sport Fields

March 2017

Turfgrass User’s Guide & Information

mailto:[email protected]




Canopy Temperature and Color is the Indicator of Turf Grass Health and Plant Water Status

Real-time measurements allows you to quickly identify turf stress

Turf hot spots and non homogeneous color are the best indicator of stress and

plant water status

And are an early warning of water/disease/pest pressures that should be

mitigated before they become expensive and/or unmanageable


Using Thermal and Visual Image Data to Manage Turfgrass


The Agricultural Imaging Spectrum

Visual – reflected light

450-950 nanometers

Thermal – emitted heat

8-13.5 microns


Hue⁰ / Color Measurement Visual

Hue⁰/Std Deviation is an objective measure of Quality

48⁰ / 5.4

95⁰ / 1.5

87⁰ / 2.2

5⁰ / 3.5

222⁰ / .06

Hue⁰

Canopy Hue is a Function of:

Sunlight Absorbed, Reflected, Scattered,

Shaded

Plant Health (photosynthesis)

Absorbance Spectrum

of Photo Pigments


Canopy Temperature is a Function of:

Air Temperature, Humidity, Wind

Sunlight

Absorbed, Reflected, Scattered, Shaded

Plant Health (photosynthesis and respiration)

Plant Water Status

Clouds

Shade Trees

Soil Moisture

Temperature Measurement

Canopy Temperature is an objective measure of Health & Stress

Thermal

https://www.google.com/url?url=https://clipartfox.com/categories/view/faf944f9e370bd754f2b19456b807e5732eabd1a/cartoon-moon-clipart.html&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ved=0ahUKEwi6_s3Q27XSAhVB_IMKHWe2AkYQwW4IJjAI&usg=AFQjCNEWDcPyxSVCS54Uqs34kwQ36yl_0Q


Root Respiration Soil Moisture

Photosynthesis/Transpiration

6CO2 + 12H2O →→ C6H12O6 + 6H2O

Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6O2 + 6H2O + Energy

Latent Heat of Vaporization Cooling effect during Transpiration

Energy Released during Respiration

Plant Health & Water Status

Thermal

Temperature Measurement Canopy Temperature is an objective measure of Health & Stress

Early Spring 1:10PM 34.7⁰ F SRad 505.15 RH 48% ENE @ 7MPH

73⁰

68⁰

63⁰

58⁰

53⁰

48⁰

43⁰

34⁰


Measure and Calculate more than 100,000 data points per image pair

Hue⁰ An objective measure of Quality

An objective measure of Health & Stress


Value of Persistence

minute-to-minute

day-to-day

1:14 pm 1:03 pm

https://vimeo.com/206288818







Indices


Hue/Color Index

258 / 135

111 / 11

128 / 15 124 / 12 83 / 7.5

91 / 8 131 / 24 109 / 8 80 / 1

.81 / 7 120 / 9 104 / 14 31 / 30

xx / yy Hue / StdDev Hue


Hue Index [shade]


Stress Index

.88 / .33

.34 / -.25

.43 / -.09 .49 / -.02 .43 / -.06

.39 / -.26 .68 / .13 .34 / -.34 .48 / -.04

.44 / -.24 .28 / -.37 .40 / -.29 .60 / -.04

xx / yy Image SI / Daily SI


Stress Indexing (SI)

Stress Index Monday, 28 Sep 2015

1:14 pm 1:24 pm 12:53 pm 1:34 pm 1:03 pm

Daily SI of green = .41

Image SI .86

.97

Image SI .89 .63


Measure and Calculate from Persistent Data

for Stress Indexing*

* 1. Jackson RD, Idso SB, Reginato RJ, Pinter PJJ. 1981. Canopy temperature as a crop water stress indicator. Water Resources Research 17, 1133–1138 2. J. Miguel Costa, Olga M. Grant, M. Manuela Chaves, 2013. Thermography to explore plant–environment interactions. Journal of Experimental

Botany doi:10.1093/jxb/ert029

Tm = measured Canopy Temp – measured air Temp TLL = Low Limit of Stress TUL = Upper Limit of Stress


Stress = (Tm - TLL)/(TUL - TLL)




Irrigation Index

And

Measured Canopy Temperatures and Weather

Derived Stress Index

Measured Variance of the Hue


Irrigation Indexing

Stress↑ & Quality↓

is the signal to Irrigate

Using a Hawk-Eye™ System gets the

plant the irrigation it wants Significantly decreases input

Decreases electricity to pump

Keeps quality and yield where it is wanted


{Derived from the Thermal and Visual Image Data}





Hawk-Eye™ Systems

Semi-Permanent &/or Mobile

• Thermal camera

• Visual camera

• Communications (WIFI & Internet)

• Pan/Tilt Option

Durable and Weather Proof

Real-Time Images and Weather

Data Archive w/Search Tools

24/7 every 10 minutes - Internet and Cell network

Actionable Indices Delivered to you in Real-Time

Desktop and Mobile

Images and Data


Semi- Permanent

Mobile

Hawk-Eye™ Installations


24/7/365

Hawk-Eye™’s Web Interface




Area: UN-L_turf Area: nr15-green

Average Canopy Temperature 95.27 is >= to 95.00

This value has held over 60.00 Minutes (6 readings)

Area: UN-L_turf Area: nr15-left

Stress Index 1.53 is >= to 1.50

This value has held over 30.00 Minutes (3 readings)

Area: UN-L_turf Area: nr15-green

Min Canopy Temperature 89.12 is <= to 90.00

This value has held over 10.00 Minutes (1 reading)

SN-0008 UN-L_turf

Air Temperature 52 is <= to 55

This value has held over 60.00 Minutes

Alerts 24/7/365


Indices and Data ……

Search Criteria

Time Lapse Movie

Archive


e-mail a collaborator

Indices and Data ……

Work with spreadsheets


Setting Areas for Measurements


Setting Area Parameters for Alerts


Live Demo e-mail [email protected] for login info

http://hawkeye.itricorp.com/hawkeye/HawkEye.html?=connect




Applying Hawk-Eye™ Triggering & Managing Irrigation

Hawk-Eye™ Alert: Turn on #15a & c

Precision Application of Treatments

and Cultivation Practices

Managing Syringing

Managing Fan Placement/Aim & Operation

Precision Scouting 24/7 for: Pest

Disease

Irrigation Distribution and Effectiveness

Shade

Traffic

Hawk-Eye™ Alert: Color/Hue is out of Specs

Hawk-Eye™ Alert: Canopy Temp is Too Hot

Hawk-Eye™ Alert: Stress Index is out of Specs visual

heat

Ask the Turf


Measured Canopy Temperatures and Weather

Derived Stress Index

A Hawk-Eye™ System

See it – Measure it – Study it

day

night

24/7

For Research


On-Site Inspections


Daily Thermal Cycle


Sun, Clouds, & Shade


Wind


Compaction / Turf Damage

Walk-Off Spot


Application of - Water


Stress Accumulation of Stress becomes evident in a persistent time series.


Emerging Management Practices

Managing Fan Placement & Aim and Fan Operations Managing Syringing Precision Scouting for Stress

Pest Disease Shade Traffic

Precision Application of Treatments Precision Scouting for Drainage Patterns and Soil Wetness Planning and Managing Irrigation Preparation of Cultivation Practices

Aeration Decision Aid Mowing Decision Aid Applying Beneficial Stress

……………………


Using Persistent Patterns to Find Problems

Nematodes

Cooler at night

Warmer during day

Cooler at night

Warmer during day

Find disease and pests before it becomes an epidemic

Bermuda Grass 10 February

Bermuda Grass 18 February


Fan Off

Fan On

Fans at work as seen by a Hawk-Eye™

Get it aimed right!


good location & aim

Positioning and Aiming Fans

not good


Pairing with Fans

to help guide day/night use

On this Night

Turn it Off

On this Day

Turn it On

Cross Wind

Aim Better

or

Another Location

On this Day

Turn it Off


Syringing

See exactly where you need it,

or not.

See the result while you are doing it.


Drainage/High Soil Moisture

Avoid Winter Freezes


Assessing Drainage/High Soil Moisture

It went here


Irrigating – Stress Relief T1 creeping bentgrass 2” sandcapped silty loam clay Cut to .12” and .4”

Hand Irrigation


At the Irrigation Association’s 2016 Annual Meeting and Trade Show

Hawk-Eye™ was judged by a panel of experts to be a “Home Run”

Guiding Irrigation

Irrigation Index {Derived from the Thermal and Visual Image Data}

When Stress↑ & Quality↓ it is the signal to irrigate

Images &

Data Irrigation Index


Scouting Pests

Persistent Pattern Cooler at night

Warmer during day (sunshine)


Showing Members Work-in-Progress


Synthetic Turf Considerations

Hawk-Eye System is a thermostat that can guide heat remediation practices

For example: syringing during time outs and stopped play



Operating Fans See that they are

doing the job

Using a Handheld Thermal Imager

for Setting Up Fans


Potential Freeze Spot


for Checking Soil Wetness



for Syringing

See exactly where you need it,

or not.

See the result while you are doing it.


Using a Handheld Thermal Imager Winter Scouting for Desiccation

Potential Desiccation


Turf-Vu® Services with Hawk-Eye

System Sales or Rental


Irrigation Effectiveness

Turf-Vu® Service

What the Turf

Says about the

Irrigation Pattern

Augmented by

Geometric DU Sprinkler Patterns


Irrigation Effectiveness Distribution Uniformity (engineering) -- -- Irrigation Effectiveness (reality)

40% 30%


Turf-Vu® Service

Special Projects and Studies

X


Stress Monitoring - ID Notices and Alerts

Text Messages

Persistent area of warmer

nighttime and daytime

temperatures near right

front bunker seen over past

several days

Turf-Vu® Service


Use a Tool to See it – Measure it – Listen to the Turf - Manage it

63 Before After


Irrigation Distribution Uniformity (engineering) -- -- Irrigation Effectiveness (reality)

40% 30%


Compaction / Turf Damage

Walk-Off Spot


Mon 8/24/2015 4:22 PM-PST

Alert nr 07: back-left_spot

Average Canopy Temperature greater than 94 for past 20 minutes

with Hawk-Eye™ Real-Time (24/7) & Archived

The Alert

Process


Heavy Rain on 02 January Rain on 21 January 22 January

Rain / Puddles

Drainage and Drying

Out

Ball Speed?

Hue & Hue_SD 22 January

Hue &

Hue_SD 23 January

Shade


Average Hue aka Color

Absorbance

Spectrum

of Photo Pigments

Turf Quality Index is the standard deviation of the

average hue in the defined area

Hue aka Color


Hue = 72.04

SD Hue = 10.8

Hue = 81.12

SD Hue = 6.5

Hue = 79

SD Hue = 1.3

Hue = 81.12

SD Hue = 0


Ave Hue & StdDev Quality Index

[impact of shade]


Tuesday Wednesday

nr12_hue

Hue 08 and 09 Nov at nr12 http://www.itricorp.com/hawkeye//HawkEye.php?getemaillink=aO8j1t51mFntcc4AOBozAgJO59Q_

http://www.itricorp.com/hawkeye/HawkEye.php?getemaillink=aO8j1t51mFntcc4AOBozAgJO59Q_


Hawk-Eye™ Systems

Stress Quality

Control Irrigation

Jim Etro [email protected]

703-489-8507

Hawk-Eye™ is your translator.

24/7/365

Listen to what your turf has to say.

Set-up your ALERTS

listen to the turf talk

See it – Measure it – Manage it

Golf Courses

Sport Fields

Research





Turf-Vu® Service

Fan Audit

Documents

Hawk-Eye™ Systems Turfgrass User’s Guide & Informationturf-vu.com/docs/Hawk-Eye System User Guide.pdf · Hawk-Eye™ Systems Stress Quality Control Irrigation Jim Etro [email protected]