TRNG I HC NHA TRANG KHOA K TON TI CHNH B MN KIM TON

BI GINGH THNG THNG TIN K TON 4 (ACCESS K TON)

Ging vin ging dy

ThS. Nguyn Thnh Cng Ng Xun Ban Bi Mnh Cng Th Ly Phm nh Tun

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MC LC Phn 1: KHI QUT V MICROSOFT ACCESS _______________ 21. Chng trnh Access __________________________________________________2 2. Khi ng___________________________________________________________2 3. To mi tp Access ___________________________________________________3 4. Mi trng lm vic___________________________________________________4 5. M tp tn ti _____________________________________________________5 6. Thot khi Access ____________________________________________________5 Phn 2: XY DNG C S D LIU____________________________________6 1. Khi nim v c s d liu Access _______________________________________6 2. Lin kt cc bng d liu _______________________________________________9 Phn 3: _____________________________________________________________17 XY DNG CHNG TRNH K TON TRN MS ACCESS 1. t vn , gii thiu mc tiu chng trnh xy dng ______________________17 2. H thng d liu_____________________________________________________17 2.1. Bng dat_tblBDMTKTongHop ______________________________________17 2.2. Bng dat_tblBDMTK ______________________________________________18 2.3. Bng dat_KyKeToan_______________________________________________18 2.4. Bng dat_tblSoDauKy _____________________________________________19 2.5. Bng dat_tblNgiepVu ______________________________________________20 2.6. Bng dat_tblSoKTMay _____________________________________________22 2.7. Bng dat_tblCompanyInfo __________________________________________23 3. Xy dng mi quan h gia cc bng ____________________________________24 4. To Form khi ng v xy dng cc query c s __________________________24 4.1. To Form khi ng cho chng trnh _________________________________24 4.2. Xy dng cc query c s___________________________________________26 4.2.1. Query Qry_0_SoDuDK: _________________________________________26 4.2.2. Query QrySoKTMay_TenTKNoCo: ________________________________27 4.2.3. Query QrySoKTMay:____________________________________________27 4.2.4. Query QrySoKTMay_TKTH ______________________________________28 4.2.5. Query QryBDMTK: _____________________________________________29 5. Xy dng cc s sch k ton __________________________________________32 5.1. Bng tng hp chi ti 131: __________________________________________32 5.2. Bng tng hp chi tit TKxx: ________________________________________35 5.3. Nht k chung: ___________________________________________________36 5.4. S chi tit chi ph: _________________________________________________37 5.5. S Ci:__________________________________________________________39 5.6. Bng tng hp chi tit cc TK: _______________________________________41 5.7. Phiu thu: _______________________________________________________43 5.8. Phiu nhp xut kho:_______________________________________________46 BI TP NG DNG: ________________________________________________50 TI LIU THAM KHO: _____________________________________________52

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Phn 1. KHI QUT V MICROSOFT ACCESS1. CHNG TRNH ACCESS 1.1 Tp cha Chng trnh Access Mi mt tp Chng trnh thng c mt ui qui nh, v d cc tp Chng trnh C c ui l .C, tp Chng trnh Pascal c ui l PAS, tp Chng trnh Foxpro c ui l .PRG.Mt tp Chng do Access to ra c ui l .MDB 1.2 Mt h Chng trnh do Access to ra (h Chng trnh Access) Chng trnh Access gi l mt Database (CSDL). Trong cc ngn ng truyn thng nh C, Pascal, Foxpro, mt h Chng trnh gm cc tp Chng trnh v cc tp d liu c t chc mt cch ring bit. Nhng trong Access ton b Chng trnh v d liu c cha trong mt tp duy nht c ui .MDB. nh vy thut ng h Chng trnh hay CSDL c hiu l t hp bao gm c Chng trnh v d liu. ngn gn nhiu khi ta gi l Chng trnh thay cho thut ng h Chng trnh. nh vy di y khi ni n Chng trnh hay h chng trnh hay CSDL th cng c ngha l mt h phn mm gm c Chng trnh v d liu do Access to ra. 2. KHI NG M lnh Start / Programs / Microsoft office/ Microsoft office access ca Window; Sau khi chn xong ta c mi trng access nh sau:

Sau chn File/ New hoc biu tng New trn mn hnh

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Chn Blank Access database bt u to mt tp Access mi (to mi tp) Hoc Access database wizard, page, and project to mt CSDL theo mu c sn (khng trnh by trong gio trnh ny); Hoc file/ open m tp Access tn ti lm vic tip. 3. TO MI TP ACCESS Mt d n Access (Access project) l mt hoc nhiu tp Access nhm gii quyt mt cng vic ln no . Khun kh gio trnh ny ch trnh by nhng d n c 1 tp. Tp Access c phn m rng *.MDB (ngoi ra nhng tp c phn m rng *.DBE cng m c nhng ch c th thc thi ch khng chnh sa c cu trc). C 5 thnh phn chnh trn mt tp: Tables ni cha ton b cc bng d liu Queries ni cha ton b cc truy vn d liu c thit k; Forms ni cha cc mu giao din phn mm; Reports ni cha cc mu bo co c thit k; Macro ni cha cc Macro lnh phc v d n; Modules ni cha cc khai bo, cc th vin chng trnh con phc v d n. Thng thng mi tp Access cn phi lm vic trn tt c cc thnh phn trn. bt u to mt tp mi, chn mc Blank Access database, tip theo nhn OK, hp thoi sau xut hin yu cu chn ni (th mc) lu tr v t tn tp Chu trnh doanh thu:

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Chn th mc trn a, ni s lu tp Chu trnh doanh thu

G tn tp cn lu

Hy chn ni lu tr hp Save in; g vo tn tp mc File Name; nhn ghi li thit lp. n y sn sng s dng tp Access va khai bo.

Creat

4. MI TRNG LM VIC Sau khi mt tp Access c m, mi trng lm vic trn Access xut hin vi nhng thnh phn nh sau:

H thng thc n (menu) v cc thanh cng c (Toolbar)- ni thc hin cc lnh khi cn

Ca s tp Access ang lm vic bao gm 7 phn chnh: Tables, Queries, Forms, Reports, Pages, Macros v Modules. lm vic trn tng phn ny trong cc chng tip theo.

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5. M TP TN TI Mi tp Access phi to mi duy nht mt ln, c m ra lm vic v ghi li trong nhng ln tip theo. m mt tp Access tn ti lm vic, lm nh sau: Bc 1: T mi trng Access gi thc n:File | Open (hoc nhn nt trn thanh cng c), hp thoi Open xut hin:

Bc 2: Tm n tp Access cn m trn hp thoi Open bng cch: Tm n th mc ni cha tp Access cn m hp Look in; Tip theo chn tp Access cn m trn danh sch v nhn nt Open hoc Enter. n y ca mn hnh lm vic Access vi tp va m xut hin tip tc lm vic. 6. THOT KHI ACCESS Khi khng lm vic vi Access, hy ra lnh thot khi Access bng mt trong cc cch: M thc n File | Exit; Nhn t hp phm nng Alt + F4; Hoc s dng nt Close trn ca s Access ang m.

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Phn 2. XY DNG C S D LIUXy dng CSDL l cng vic quan trng u tin trong ton b qui trnh pht trin mt ng dng trn Access. Mt CSDL c thit k v xy dng tt s l nhng thun li, nhng t tin u tin bc vo mt qui trnh pht trin ng dng; nhng tri li s l mt thm ha cho d n ang pht trin: s thng xuyn gp phi nhng kh khn phi chnh sa li CSDL v ti t hn, d n c th phi thc hin li t u do vic thit k CSDL qu km. Trong phn ny s trnh by cc khi nim cng nh cc k nng c th tip cn v xy dng c cc h CSDL trn Acces, c th l: To cu trc cc bng d liu; Thit lp thuc tnh LookUp; Thit lp quan h v cc thuc tnh m bo ton vn d liu; Nhp d liu cho CSDL; c bit l qui trnh xy dng mt CSDL Access. 1. Cc khi nim v CSDL Access 1.1. CSDL Access CSDL Access l mt i tng bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu, cc kt ni gia cc bng c thit k mt cch ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho mt ng dng qun l d liu no . V d: CSDL Chu trnh doanh thu ti cng ty KIJ bao gm tp hp cc bng d liu: VANPHONG, NHANVIEN, KHACHHANG, HANGHOA, HOADON, CHITIETHOADON, c kt ni vi nhau mt cch ph hp phc v lu tr d liu cho ng dng qun l hc sinh mt trng hc. Ton b cu trc CSDL qun l hc sinh trn Access c m t nh sau:

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1.2 Bng d liu Bng d liu (Tables) l mt phn quan trng nht ca CSDL; L ni lu tr nhng d liu tc nghip cho ng dng. Mt CSDL c th c rt nhiu bng, cc bng phi c thit k sao cho c th lu tr c y d liu cn thit, m bo gim ti a tnh trng gy d tha d liu (d tha d liu c hiu n gin l tnh trng lu tr nhng d liu khng cn thit trn mt s bng. Tc hi ca hin tng ny s gy: sai lch d liu tc nghip v lm tng dung lng d liu khng cn thit); gim ti a dung lng CSDL c th, ng thi to mi trng lm vic thun li cho vic pht trin ng dng trong cc bc tip theo. Mt bng d liu trn Access bao gm cc thnh phn: Tn bng, cc trng d liu, trng kho, tp hp cc thuc tnh cn thit cho mi trng d liu v tp hp cc bn ghi. M t mt bng d liu trong trng thi Datasheet (nhp, xem, s d liu):

Mi dng l mt bn ghi (record) Bn ghi c bit cui cng gi l EOF

Mi ct l mt trng d liu (field)

M t mt bng d liu trong trng thi Design view (ang thit k cu trc):

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Tp hp cc thuc tnh ca trng d liu

Tn bng Mi bng c mt tn gi. Tn bng thng c t sau khi to xong cu trc ca bng, tuy nhin cng c th i li tn bng trn ca s Database nh i tn tp d liu trn ca s Windows Explorer. Khng nn s dng du cch (Space), cc k t c bit hoc ch ting Vit c du trong tn bng. Trng d liu (Field) Mi ct d liu ca bng s tng ng vi mt trng d liu. Mi trng d liu s c mt tn gi v tp hp cc thuc tnh miu t trng d liu v d nh: kiu d liu, trng kho, ln, nh dng, .. Mi trng d liu phi c nh kiu d liu. Trong Access, trng d liu c th nhn mt trong cc kiu d liu sau: TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Kiu d liu Number Autonumber Text Yes/No Date/time Currentcy Memo Hyperlink Ole Objects ln Tu thuc bin c th 4 bytes Tu thuc di xu 1 bytes 8 bytes Sing Lu tr S: s thc, s nguyn theo nhiu kiu S nguyn t ng c nh s Xu k t Kiu logic Lu tr ngy, gi Lu tr d liu km k hiu tin t Tu thuc gi tr kiu ghi nh Tu thuc di xu Lu tr cc siu lin kt Tu thuc kiu d m thanh, hnh nh, ho. liu

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Bn ghi (Record) Mi dng d liu ca bng c gi mt bn ghi. Mi bng c mt con tr bn ghi. Con tr bn ghi ang nm bn ghi no, ngi dng c th sa c d liu bn ghi . c bit, bn ghi trng cui cng ca mi bng c gi EOF. Trng kho (Primary key) Trng kho c tc dng phn bit gi tr cc bn ghi trong cng mt bng vi nhau. Trng kho c th ch 01 trng, cng c th c to t tp hp nhiu trng (gi b trng kho). V d: Bng BANGVANPHONG ca CSDL chu trnh doanh thu, trng kho l msvanphong. V mi vn phng c th nhiu trng c gi tr ht nhau, nhng m vn phng th duy nht. Bng NHANVIEN trng msnhanvien s l trng kha v khng th tn ti 2 nhn vin o trong bng ny trng msnhanvien 2. Lin kt cc bng d liu Lin kt cc bng d liu l mt k thut trong thit k CSDL quan h. Chng l mi lin kt gia 2 bng vi nhau theo thit k cho trc m bo c mc ch lu tr d liu cho ng dng. Trong Access tn ti 2 kiu lin kt: lin kt 1-1(mt mt) v lin kt 1-n (mt-nhiu) Xy dng cu trc bng Mc ny hng dn cch thit k cu trc mt bng d liu trn CSDL Access. c th lm tt c cng vic ny, sinh vin cn tun th theo th t cc bc lit k di y Minh ho ny hng dn cch to cu trc bng VANPHONG bao gm cc trng msvanphong, tenvanphong, diachi, thanhpho. Bc 1 khi ng thit k cu trc bng ch Design view

th Tables chn create table in design view

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Hp thoi thit k cu trc mt bng xut hin Bc 2: Khai bo danh sch tn cc trng ca bng: bng cch nhp tn danh sch cc trng ln ct field name ca ca s thit k Ch : Khng nn s dng du cch (Space), cc k t c bit hoc ch ting Vit c du trong tn trng. Bc 3: Khai bo kiu d liu cho cc trng ca bng, bng cch chn kiu d liu cho tng trng ct Data type tng ng. chn kiu d liu, dng chut chn kiu d liu t hp th Bc 4: Thit lp trng kho cho bng (nhng bng khng c trng kho c th b qua bc ny) Chn cc trng mun thit lp kho bng cch dng chut kt hp gi phm shift nh du dng cc trng mun thit lp kho M thc n Edit/ Primary key hoc chn biu tng trn thanh cng c Bc 5: Lu li cu trc bng, M thc n File/Save hoc chn biu tng trn thanh cng c, hp thoi yu cu ghi tn cho bng s xut hin:

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Hy nhp tn bng cn lu v nhn OK Ch : i vi nhng bng khng thit lp trng kho hoc qun thit lp trng kho th trong qu trnh ghi li cu trc bng chng trnh s hi

Nhn Yes- my tnh s to thm mt trng mi c tn ID v thit lp trng ny lm kho. Nu khng mun nh vy hy nhn No; nhn Cancel hu lnh lu. Tn bng khng nn cha du cch, cc k t c bit khc hoc ch Vit c du. Mi trng d liu c khai bo trong ca s trn u c th thit lp c rt nhiu cc thuc tnh tu thuc kiu d liu trng nhn. Cc thuc tnh ny c th thit lp ti phn Tp hp cc thuc tnh ca cc trng nh trnh by trn. Di y l danh sch mt s cc thuc tnh hay c s dng Thuc tnh Dng quy nh Gi tr c th chn ln ca s cho php nhp Field size Cc kiu s di ti a ca chui text Cch to ra gi tr mi (ch c trong Tng dn (increment/ ngu nhin New values iu kin autoNumber) (random) Format nh dng hin th d liu Tu kiu d liu Decimal Places Quy nh s thp phn ti a T ng (auto) hoc tu nh Ch cho d liu kiu Text hoc Input Mask Dng thc hin th s liu nhp Date Nhn s xut hin thay cho tn Caption Tu chn trng Gi tr mc nhin c gn cho Default Value Tu nh vng khi ch nhp s liu Biu thc kim sot i vi d liu Validation rule Biu thc hp l nhp vo (iu kin hp l) Thng bo li cho xut hin ra khi Validation Text d liu khng tho mn iu kin Tu hp l Bt buc (Yes)/Khng bt buc Required D liu bt buc c hay khng (No) Allow zero Cho php nhn chui k t Cho (yes)/ khng cho (No) Length Khng c k t no hay khng (No) No: khng cn sp xp Indexed Sp xp d liu hay khng Yes: (Duplicates OK) cho sp xp, 12

chp nhn gi tr trng Yes (No Duplicates) cho sp xp khng chp nhn gi tr trng Thuc tnh Field Size Vi trng Text di mc nh l 50 di hp l c th t l t 1 255 Vi trng Number: Mc nh l Double (8 byte) Kch thc Kch thc chn ngha S l chim Byte S t 0 n 255 Khng 1 byte Integer S t -32,768 n 32,768 Khng 2 byte Long Integer -2,147,483,648 n 2,147,483,648 Khng 4 byte S t - 3.402823E38 n 1.401298E-45 cho s m v t Single 7 s l 4 byte 1.401298E-45 n 3.402823E38 cho s dng S t -1.79769313486231E308 n 4.94065645841247E-324 cho s m 15 s Double t 1.79769313486231E308 n 8 byte l 4.94065645841247E-324 cho s dng Kho ton cc Globally unique Khng Replication ID identifier (GUID) xc nh duy nht cho 16byte mt i tng sao chp php Thuc tnh Format. Nu b qua Format, Access s trnh by d liu theo dng General. Cc gi tr ca thuc tnh Format i vi trng Number (gi nh Decimal Places = 2 - Hai ch s phn thp phn vd: 100,00) Gi tr Format S c trnh by General Number 1234,5 1234,5 Fixed 1234,5 1234,5 Standard 1234,568 1.234,50 (du chm ngn cch hng ngn) Percent 0,824 82.40 % Scientific 1234,5 1.23E+03 Currency 1234,5 1.234,50(UK) (du phy hng ngn) Ch : 1. General Number: Khng ph thuc vo Decimal Places, hin s ch s thp phn cn thit nht 2. Decimal Places = n : Mi dng (tr General Number) hin ng n ch s thp phn. 3. Decimal Places = Auto : Khi : Dng Fixed: 0 s l Dng khc (tr General): 2 s l Cc gi tr ca thuc tnh Format i vi trng DATE/TIME. 13

Gi tr Format General Date Long Date Medium Date Short Date Long Time Medium Time Short Time

Ngy/gi c trnh by 1/31/2009 4:30:00 PM (U.S) 31/01/2009 16:30:00 (U.K) Friday, January 31 , 2009 (U.S) 31 January 2009 (U.K) 31-Jan- 09 1/31/2009 (U.S) 31/01/2009 (U.K) 4:30:00 PM 04:30 phn mm 16:30

Cc gi tr ca thuc tnh Format i vi trng YES/NO Gi tr Format ngha Yes/No Gi tr logic l Yes v No True/Falsse Gi tr logic l True v False On/Off Gi tr logic l On v Off Thuc tnh Input Mask (mt n nhp liu). Cng dng: To khun dng nhp liu cho d nhn. Trn khun dng c th thy cc v tr nhp liu v cc k t phn cch (v d du chm phn cch phn nguyn v phn phn, du gch ngang phn cch cc cm k t ca s ti khon,...) Kim tra tnh hp l ca mi k t g vo. Ti mi v tr trn khun dng c th quy nh lp k t c php g (v d nu quy nh cc ch s th Access s khng nhn cc k t khng phi l ch s). T ng bin i k t c nhp (v d chuyn sang ch hoa). Che du thng tin g vo: Dng mt n kiu Password, khi cc k t g vo c th hin thnh du *.

Cch to mt n nhp liu: Mt n nhp liu l mt dy k t gm cc loi sau: K t khun dng: Mi k t khun dng th hin mt v tr ginh cho k t g vo v quy nh lp k t c g. 0 v tr dnh cho ch s 0..9, bt buc 9 v tr dnh cho ch s 0..9, khng bt buc # v tr dnh cho ch s, du + - du cch L v tr dnh cho mt ch ci, bt buc ? v tr dnh cho ch ci hoc du cch, khng bt buc A v tr dnh cho k t ch hoc s, bt buc a v tr dnh cho k t ch hoc s, khng bt buc & v tr dnh cho mt k t bt k, bt buc

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C 2.

3.

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v tr dnh cho mt k t bt k, khng bt buc K t chuyn i gm: K t < dng i cc k t ng sau < sang ch thng K t > dng i cc k t ng sau < sang ch hoa. K t canh phi l k t chm than. Cc k t nhp vo s c dn sang phi. V d nu dng mt l: Input Mask: !aaaaa (a l k t khun dng ginh cho cc k t ch v s, khng bt buc phi nhp). Nu nhp 2 k t HA th 2 k t ny s dn bn phi v 3 du cch t bn tri. Cc k t phn cch. Cc k t ny c hin th trn khun tch cc phn trong dy d liu nhp vo vi mc ch d quan st, d kim tra. C th dng bt k k t no ngoi cc k t trong 3 im trn lm k t phn cch. Sau y l mt s k t phn cch hay dng: o Du . phn cch phn nguyn v phn phn. o Du , phn cch hng nghn, triu, t,... o Du - hoc 1 dng phn cch trong d liu Date/Time (tu thuc cch thit lp trong mc Control Panel, Intemational)

Thuc tnh Default Value Dng thuc tnh ny t gi tr mc nh cho trng. Gi tr mc nh c th l mt hng hay mt hm ca Access. Thuc tnh Required (trng bt buc phi c s liu) Mun bt buc trng phi c s liu ta t thuc tnh Required thnh Yes. Thuc tnh AllowZerolength Nu t l Yes s cho php cc trng Text v memo nhn cc chui rng. Thuc tnh ValidationRule Dng thuc tnh ny kim tra s hp l ca d liu nhp vo. Mun vy trong thuc tnh ValidationRule ta t mt biu thc (iu kin) hp l. V d: gi tr nhp vo phi khc 0 0 or >l00 gi tr nhp vo phi bng 0 hoc ln hn 100 Like "K???" phi nhp 4 k t, k t u phi l K Like "CTY*" ba k t u phi l CTY -#l/1/2009# and