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HERA Running 2005F. Willeke, DESY
60th Meeting of the DESY PRCNovember 10-11 2005
• Luminosity
• Polarization• Backgrounds• Improvements• Technical Issues• Further Planned Improvements• Switching from electrons to positrons• Low Energy Running
•Outlook
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 2
Proton (1982) design intensity
Electron (1982) Design Beam Current
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 3
Peak Luminosity
goal peak luminosity
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 4
Specific Luminosity
Design Level
Larger than design: * smaller p emittance
* strong dynamic beta reduction e Well understood
H1 ZEUS
Alternative working pointAlternative working point
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 5
Luminosity Production
High peak luminosity and efficient operating
At the end of the run production rates of 1.5pb-1/d achieved
Technical problems in the beginning and middle of the run lead to substantial luminosity loss
215 pb-1
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 6
Electron Spin Polarization
• Routine Running with polarized electron beams in collisions
• Several times switching of Helicity
• Polarization level (40-50) % (coll) (50-60)% non-colliding beam
Issues:
Strong Beam-Beam Effect
Non-understood asymmetry of polarization w.r.t. helicity
+ - + -
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 7
Beam-Beam Effect on Polarization
Peak Polarization achieved after slow decay of specific luminosity
Experiment: Beam-Beam Tunes spread of electrons is the problem
Proposed cure:Mirror Tunes allow to run with the beam core at favorable (low) tunes
Test in June:Confirmed, but beam core is too close to resonances, loss of luminosity
Decided to stay with nominal tune
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 8
Background Conditions: Poor HV conditions
Reasons for background conditions:
• Large Global p Background in H1 after venting IR in shut down
• BU-Magnet short, problems in March/April coil replace in April
• Electronics problem in large PS, spikes in June, July found, fixed in July
• Reasonable conditions in August-Nov, but careful tuning required
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 9
Operational Efficiency
About 50% of the failure time lost due to a few incidents
measures taken
Global failure statistics is encouraging
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 10
Improvements in 2005• Poor electron injection efficiency resolved, reasons understood
(saturation in beam line), further improved by better matching 70-80% efficiency
• Enhanced temperature monitoring prevented further damage to
beam pipe despite harder radiation • Improvements in diagnostics: e-BPM electronics, improved
synchrotron radiation monitoring and imaging (e+p), further improvements in controls and data logging
• Improved machine protection by fast magnet current change detection (helps to prevent uncontrolled beam loss)
• Implementation of proton tune controller
• Improved beam lifetime evaluation
• Automation of timing and synchronization system
Positive impact on operational efficiency and operability of the accelerators
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 11
Technical Issues Coils of n.c. vertical bend in
HERA p (BU)
Damage by corrosionRefurbishing Program:
6 coils already replaced in previous shut down
2 coils replace during the run
All the (remaining) 27 Coils will be replaced in Shutdown
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 12
Technical IssuesRotator Vacuum System Bellows produced 2 leaks in 2004
and 3 leaks in 2005 (insufficient fix in 2004 shut down)
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 13
Further planned Improvements(coming winter shut down):
• Implementation of a longitudinal broad band damper system for protons to preserve the longitudinal emittance
• Further reduction of beam cross sections at collisions due to using up margins and making use of dynamic beta 25% more Luminosity
• Improvements in proton BPM (replacement of 12 critical BPMs in IR)
• Improvements of klystron protection to prevent unnecessary transmitter trips
• Increased pumping (x2) in one RF straight
• Implementation of an operational permit system to prevent operator mistakes
• Fast electron orbit stabilization at Ip’s (0-100Hz) to improve on proton beam diffusion and corresponding backgrounds
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 14
Switching from Electrons to Positrons
Requirements of Experiments:
The remainder of HERA Luminosity should be split equally in electron-proton and positron proton collisions
Need to switch from e+/e- or vice versa at least once during the run
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 15
Planned Date Actual Date
El-Weg Studies Friday, October 15, 2004 Friday, October 15, 2004
Hall North PS p Thursday, October 14, 2004 Thursday, October 14, 2004
p / e Monday, October 18, 2004 Monday, October 18, 2004
e Wednesday, October 27, 2004 Wednesday, October 27, 2004
Hall South PS p Thursday, October 14, 2004 Thursday, October 14, 2004
p / e Monday, October 18, 2004 Monday, October 18, 2004
Large PS Circuits Monday, October 18, 2004 Monday, October 18, 2004
Wire installation Monday, October 25, 2004 Monday, October 25, 2004
Start-up with protons I Friday, October 22, 2004 Friday, October 22, 2004
Start-up with positrons Friday, October 29, 2004 Friday, October 29, 2004
e-BPM Recommissioning Monday, November 01, 2004 Monday, November 01, 2004
switch to electrons Tuesday, November 02, 2004 Tuesday, November 02, 2004
Adjust IR magnet for e- Wednesday, November 03, 2004 Wednesday, November 03, 2004
shielding removal Wednesday, November 03, 2004 Wednesday, November 03, 2004
survey Wednesday, November 03, 2004 Wednesday, November 03, 2004
magnet adjustment Thursday, November 04, 2004 Thursday, November 04, 2004
survey Friday, November 05, 2004 Friday, November 05, 2004
Start-up Electrons Friday, November 05, 2004 Friday, November 05, 2004
first turn steering Friday, November 05, 2004 Friday, November 05, 2004
injection optimization Sunday, November 07, 2004 Sunday, November 07, 2004
adjust wire system Monday, November 08, 2004 Monday, November 08, 2004
completion of shielding Tuesday, November 09, 2004 Tuesday, November 09, 2004
GN Exchange Monday, November 08, 2004
electron acceleration Thursday, November 11, 2004 Tuesday, November 16, 2004
Electron-proton files Friday, November 12, 2004 Wednesday, November 17, 2004
IR-Orbit, BBA, SR-Studies Monday, November 15, 2004 Saturday, November 20, 2004
Luminosity Set-up + test Sunday, November 21, 2004 Sunday, November 28, 2004
Lumirun Sunday, November 28, 2004 Friday, December 03, 2004
November 2004: Switching from positrons to electrons
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 16
Switching leptons from 2004 Experience:
• Needed 30 days in Nov 2004 from start switching to first luminosity
subtract 5 days of hardware problem (GN repair Nov 2004) = 25 days• If turn-over is after shut down: Absorb 7 days of survey,
magnet movement, shielding installation, wire system installation in shut down
= 18 days A normal startup is about 1-2 weeks, subtract from turn-on
time = ~(4-11) days needed additionally for switching
Switching from e- to e+ after shutdown takes 7 days extra turn on time
switching from e+ to e- during the run takes 25 days
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 17
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 18
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 19
Sacrifice
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 20
HERA Running Until 2007
• Shut Down Nov 14 2005- Jan 26 2006• Start up 2006 Jan 26- Febr 21• Luminosity Running until switching leptons• 25 days switching leptons• Christmas break 2006/2007?• Run 2007 from Jan2-June 30• ~450 Days of running
F. Willeke, HERA, 60th PRC 21
Conclusiono HERA made a big step in improving performance compared to 2004, more than 210 pb-1
of luminosity have been delivered, polarization is in competition with luminosity
o A number of improvements increased the operational efficiency
o Running with electron turned out to be slightly more difficult: somewhat larger background, occasional lifetime break down
o However this was more than balanced by a large luminosity enhanced by dynamic
o There have been a number of technical problems reducing operation time by about 40%
o The technical problems and the background problems have either be solved during the run or are addressed in the HERA improvement program.
o There is a rich HERA improvement program to overcome technical problems and to improve on performance and backgrounds
o switching from e t e- or vice versa during the run is time consuming (25d) switching e t e- or vice versa after the shut down more commissioning time (~7days)
o Operating HERA with lower energy is most likely possible, parameters need to be worked out. The luminosity scales with 2. The loss in luminosity is estimated to be 90pb-1