1. Hiroshima & Nagasaki
The End of the War in the
Pacific Theater

2. Bell Ringer
Describe the outcomes of the Battle of Okinawa.
Discuss with Partner
1 minute
3. After Okinawa
Estimated cost of lives to fight on mainland Japan:
1 million Americans
2 million Japanese (soldiers & civilians)
War in Europe was over by early May 1945
US needed to end war in Japan with minimum loss of lives
4. The Manhattan Project
code name for the US government's secret projectthat was established before World War II and culminated in the development of the nuclear bomb
Directed by American physicist Robert Oppenheimer
Albert Einstein was also part of the Manhattan Project
5. An Era Ends
FDR followed MPs progress closely
April 12, 1945 - FDR suffered cerebral hemorrhage and died
VP Harry Truman - now president with very limited knowledge of the MP
6. Potsdam Conference
July 17 - August 2, 1945:
US, UK, USSR
Allies demanded unconditional surrender of Japan or meet annihilation
Japan:
Lost Iwo Jima
Lost Okinawa
Navy was demolished
Was clearly losing the waronly a matter of time
7. Tough Decision
Japan rejected ultimatum to surrender
President Truman had to consider the alternatives for ending the war:
invade the Japanese mainland
hold a demonstration of the destructive power of the atomic bomb for Japanese dignitaries
drop an atomic bomb on selected industrial Japanese cities
bomb and blockade the islands
wait for Soviet entry into the war on August 15
mediate a compromised peace
8. 9. On August 6, 1945, 8.15 am, the uranium atom bomb Little Boy exploded 580 meters above the city of Hiroshima with a blinding flash, creating a giant fireball and sending surface temperatures to 7,232 F*.
*The surface of the sun is about 9,000
10. 11. Little Boy
12. 13. Fierce heat rays and radiation burst out in every direction, unleashing a high pressure shockwave, vaporizing tens of thousands of people and animals, melting buildings and streetcars, reducing a 400-year-old city to dust.
14. 15. 16. 17. Beneath the center of the explosion, temperatures were hot enough to melt concrete and steel.
18. 19. 20. Within seconds, 75,000 people had been killed or fatally injured with 65% of the casualties nine years of age and younger.
21. 22. Within a certain distance from the site of explosion, the heat was so intense that practically everything was vaporized. The shadows of the parapets were imprinted on the road surface of the Yorozuyo Bridge, mile from the hypocenter.
23. 24. In Hiroshima, all that was left of some humans near the center of the explosion, was their outlines.
25. 26. 27. 28. Housewives and children were incinerated instantly or paralyzed in their daily routines, their internal organs boiled and their bones charred into brittle charcoal.
29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. Radiation deaths were still occurring in large numbers in the following days.
38. 39. 40. 41. For no apparent reason their health began to fail. They lost appetite. Their hair fell out. Bluish spots appeared on their bodies. And then bleeding began from the ears, nose and mouth.
42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48. 49. After Hiroshima
Japan still refused to surrender
August 9, 1945: Fat Man was dropped on Nagasaki
50. V-J Day
August 12, 1945: Victory over Japan Day as Japan unconditionally surrenders
WWII is over
51. What Do You Think?
You will have 3 minutes to write an argument for or against the dropping of the Atomic bombs on Hiroshima & Nagasaki
Think carefully and be sure to support your argument with facts. You will need this for our activity.
52. Activity: Impromptu Debate