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History of Computer

History of Computer

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History of Computer. What is a Computer? In its most basic form a computer is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations. In that respect the earliest computer was the Abacus , used to perform basic arithmetic operations. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Page 1: History  of  Computer

History of

Computer

Page 2: History  of  Computer

What is a Computer?In its most basic form a computer is any device which aids humans in performing various kinds of computations or calculations. In that respect the earliest computer was the Abacus, used to perform basic arithmetic operations.

Page 3: History  of  Computer

MECHANICAL CALCULATING MACHINES

Page 4: History  of  Computer

The human brain is the first intrinsic computing devices.

It has the capacity to store events, in the form of memories.

Process events, in the form of thinking.

Produce responses, in the form of actions and sounds.

Page 5: History  of  Computer

Abacus may have technically been the first computer most people today associate the word “computer” with electronic computers which were invented in the last century, and have evolved into modern computers we know of today.

Page 6: History  of  Computer

The Calculating ClockIn 1623 German professor

Wilhelm Schickard came up with a machine(Schickard Calculator)

Same size of typewriter and could perform basic operation on a maximum of six-digit numbers.

Page 7: History  of  Computer

The PascalineBlaise Pascal, 1642, which is

called Pascaline (also known as Arithmatique or Pascal’s Adder)

Perform addition and subtraction only.

Page 8: History  of  Computer

The Stepped Reckoner Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, a

German philosopher and mathematician.

Page 9: History  of  Computer

The Stepped Reckoner This machine was simply used for

multiplication on many digital computers.

Page 10: History  of  Computer

Jacquard LoomInvented by the French inventor

Joseph-Marie Jacquard in 1801.This machine utilized punch

cards to control a loom’s pattern of weaving.

Page 11: History  of  Computer

Jacquard Loom

Page 12: History  of  Computer

The ArithmometerCharles Xavier Thomas de

Colmar of France was able to modified Leibniz calculator.

Another mechanical calculator that could perform basic operation.

Page 13: History  of  Computer

The Arithmometer

Page 14: History  of  Computer

The Difference Engine & Analytical Engine

Charles Babbage, English mathematician.

The Analytical Engine remained in history as a template of good design that future engineers would utilize to perfect its intended use.

Page 15: History  of  Computer

The Difference Engine & Analytical Engine

Page 16: History  of  Computer

Felt’sMacaroni Box and the Comptometer

Page 17: History  of  Computer

Felt’sMacaroni Box and the ComptometerDorr Eugene Felt, first invent

key-driven mechanism.Robert Tarrant partnered with

Felt in 1887 to produce Comptometer, key driven machine similar to today’s calculator.

Page 18: History  of  Computer

First Generation Computers (1940s – 1950s)

First electronic computers used vacuum tubes, and they were huge and complex. The first general purpose electronic computer was the ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer).

Page 19: History  of  Computer

First Generation Computers (1940s – 1950s)

It was digital, although it didn’t operate with binary code, and was reprogrammable to solve a complete range of computing problems. It was programmed using plug boards and switches, supporting input from an IBM card reader, and output to an IBM card punch.

Page 20: History  of  Computer

First Generation Computers (1940s – 1950s)

It took up 167 square meters, weighed 27 tons, and consuming 150 kilowatts of power. It used thousands of vacuum tubes, crystal diodes, relays, resistors, and capacitors.

Page 21: History  of  Computer

ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Computer)

Page 22: History  of  Computer

Second Generation Computers (1955 – 1960)

Page 23: History  of  Computer

The second generation of computers came about thanks to the invention of the transistor, which then started replacing vacuum tubes in computer design. Transistor computers consumed far less power, produced far less heat, and were much smaller compared to the first generation, albeit still big by today’s standards.

Page 24: History  of  Computer

The first transistor computer was created at the University of Manchester in 1953. The most popular of transistor computers was IBM 1401. IBM also created the first disk drive in 1956, the IBM 350 RAMAC.

Page 25: History  of  Computer

IBM 1401

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Third Generation Computers (1960s) IBM System/360

Page 27: History  of  Computer

The invention of the Integrated Circuits (ICs), also known as microchips, paved the way for computers as we know them today.

Page 28: History  of  Computer

Making circuits out of single pieces of silicon, which is a semiconductor, allowed them to be much smaller and more practical to produce.

Page 29: History  of  Computer

This also started the ongoing process of integrating an ever larger number of transistors onto a single microchip. During the sixties microchips started making their way into computers, but the process was gradual, and second generation of computers still held on.

Page 30: History  of  Computer

IBM System/360

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Fourth Generation Computers (1971 – present)

First microchips-based central processing units consisted of multiple microchips for different CPU components. The drive for ever greater integration and miniaturization led towards single-chip CPUs, where all of the necessary CPU components were put onto a single microchip, called a microprocessor.

Page 32: History  of  Computer

Fourth Generation Computers (1971 – present)

The first single-chip CPU, or a microprocessor, was Intel 4004.The advent of the microprocessor spawned the evolution of the microcomputers, the kind that would eventually become personal computers that we are familiar with today.