World War II Unit Review/Study Guide

Question Answer

1. This was a fictional character used to encourage women to go to work in defense plants.

2. What event happened on Dec. 7, 1942 that brought America out of isolation and into direct involvement in WWII?

3. Who liberated the Jews and other survivors from concentration camps?

4. What is Fascism?

5. Who were the leaders of these Axis Powers? Germany: _________________________ Italy:______________________________ Japan: ____________________________

6. Who were the leaders of these Allied Powers? Britain: _____________________________ USSR: _____________________________ United States: _______________________& ________________________________

7. Circle 3 locations invaded by Germany. United States Poland France USSR Britain

8. What was the turning point in the war in Eastern Europe (the Eastern Front)?

9. What was the Lend-Lease program?

10. Name reasons for World War II:

11. Why did the USSR join the Allied Powers?

12. What caused Japan to surrender to the U.S.?

World War II Unit Review/Study Guide 13. What is the significance of the Invasion of

Normandy?

14. What city was bombed nightly for weeks by the Germans, yet never surrendered.

15. Explain how the need for workers in defense plants temporarily broke down racial barriers in the U.S.

16. In which state is Pearl Harbor located?

17. Place these events in chronological order: Pearl Harbor Hiroshima Midway Battle of Britain Normandy Fall of France Invasion of Poland

18. What is the belief of a superior pure, white race called?

19. What tactics did the Nazis use against the Jews in their “Final Solution”?

20. What happened on the “Night of Broken Glass”?

World War II Review Crossword Puzzle

Across: 1. German children were sent to Britain 2. Prime Minister of Great Britain 3. Dictator of the USSR 4. U.S. tried to remain ______ 5. Japan bombed ______ _____ on December 7, 1941 6. Program U.S. had with Britain 7. Women took jobs in ______ plants 8. An internment camp in CA 9. These Americans were held in internment camps 10. The killing of millions of Jews, genocide

Down: 1. This treaty was a major cause of WWII 2. The Great __________ hit in 1929 3. led the Nazi party & took over Germany 4. a political philosophy, ruled by a dictator 5. leader of Fascist Italy 6. leader of Imperial Japan 7. President after FDR 8. longest serving U.S. President 9. used by FDR to reach Americans 10. turning point in the Pacific 11. turning point on the Western front 12. ___________& Nagasaki, where the atomic bombs were

dropped

World War II review

ALLI ED ATOMI C BOMBS AXI S BRI TAI N CHURCHI LL CONCENTRATI ON CAMP DEFENSE PLANTS FASCI SM FRANCE GERMANY GREAT DEPRESSI ON HI ROSHI MA HI TLER HOLOCAUST I NTERNMENT I TALY JAPANESE KI NDERTRANSPORT MI DWAY MUSSOLI NI NORMANDY PEARL HARBOR POLAND ROOSEVELT ROSI E SOVI ETS STALI N TOJO TRUMAN UNI TEDSTATES USSR

WORLD WAR II REVIEW

**Leaders during WWII: Allied Powers: Churchill: Great Britain Stalin: USSR F. Roosevelt & Truman: U.S. Axis Powers: Hitler: Germany Mussolini: Italy Tojo and Hirohito: Japan __________________________ **Causes of WWII: ✤Economic devastation in Europe resulting from World War I: ⇒ Worldwide depression ⇒ High war debt owed by Germany ⇒ High inflation ⇒ Massive unemployment ✤Political instability marked by the rise of Fascism: political philosophy in which total power is given to a dictator; individual freedoms are denied; and nationalism and, often, racism are emphasized. ✤Appeasement: policy of Britain & France in which they gave it to Hitler to avoid war ✤Japanese Expansion & Aggression in the Pacific and Asia Some countries invaded by Germany: Austria, Hungary,Czechoslovakia, Poland, Belgium, France, USSR, Denmark, Norway, The Netherlands

**American Involvement in WWII went fron isolation to direct involvement: Isolationism: Great Depression and legacy of WWII Economic and military aid to Allies (Lend-Lease program) Direct involvement in the war: Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor on Dec. 7, 1941 What events led to American involvement in the war? • Rising tensions developed between the U.S. and Japan because of Japanese aggression in East Asia and the Pacific region. • On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor. • The U.S. declared war on Japan. • Germany declared war on the U.S. World War II affected every aspect of American life. Americans were asked to make sacrifices in support of the war effort and the ideals for which Americans fought. (Life on the Homefront) *Brought an end to the Great Depression. Factories and workers were needed to produce goods to win the war. *Thousands of American women (Rosie the Riveter) took jobs in defense plants

Homefront continued... *While many Japanese Americans served in the armed forces, others were treated with distrust and prejudice, and many were forced into internment camps in the United States. *Americans at home supported the war by conserving and rationing resources (e.g., victory gardens, ration books, scrap drives). *The need for workers temporarily broke down some racial barriers (e.g., hiring in defense plants), although discrimination against African Americans continued. The Holocaust is an example of prejudice, discrimination, and genocide taken to the extreme. It was the systematic attempt to rid Europe of all Jews. Hitler and his followers believed in Aryan supremacy—the superiority of a pure white race. The Nazis were also anti-Semites, so they began to persecute people of the Jewish faith. Some tactics used during the Holocaust include: Boycott of Jewish stores • Discriminatory laws • Segregation • Ghettos • Imprisonment and killing of Jews and others in concentration camps and death camps The Night of Broken Glass: A night of terror against Jews including violence and vandalism Kindertransport: removal of thousands of German children from Germany to safety in Britain. *Allied forces liberated the Jews and others who survived in concentration camps.

**Despite initial Axis success in both Europe and the Pacific, the Allies preserved and ultimately defeated Germany and Japan. Major Battles/Events of WWII: *Germany invaded Poland, setting off war in Europe. The Soviet Union also invaded Poland and the Baltic nations. Sept. 1, 1939 *Germany invaded France and captured Paris. Britain is the only democracy left to fight the Axis Powers. June, 1940 *Germany bombed London, England nightly for weeks. The Battle of Britain began. Britain never surrendered to the Germans. July-October, 1940 *The United States gave Britain war supplies and old naval warships in return for military bases in Bermuda and the Caribbean (Lend-Lease). March 1941-Sept. 1945 *Japan bombed Pearl Harbor. Dec. 7, 1941 The United States declared war on Japan and Germany. Dec. 8, 1941 After Japan bombed Pearl Harbor, Germany & Italy declared war on the United States. Dec. 11, 1941 *The United States was victorious over Japan in the Battle of Midway. This victory was the turning point of the war in the Pacific. June 4-7, 1942 *Germany invaded the Soviet Union. This violated the Soviet-German Non Aggression Pact June 1941 The Soviet Union defeated Germany at Stalingrad, marking the turning point of the war in Eastern Europe. Aug. 1942-Feb. 1943 *American and other Allied troops landed in Normandy, France, on D-Day, to begin the liberation of Western Europe. June 6, 1944 *The United States dropped two atomic bombs on Japan (Hiroshima and Nagasaki) in 1945, forcing Japan to surrender and ending World War II. Aug. 6 and Aug. 9, 1945

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Racial discrimination in the U.S. during WorldWar II

Civil rights leader A. Philip Randolph at the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C., in 1963. He founded the March on Washington Movementin 1941 to protest segregation and the hypocrisy of an American government that denounced Nazi racism overseas, yet propped up thesystemic discrimination of African-Americans at home. Photo from the public domain

Before World War II (1939–1945) began, many African-Americans lived in the South. They eked

out a living as tenant farmers or sharecroppers. As the nation prepared for war, better paying

factory and manufacturing jobs became available in the North and on the coasts. Those

opportunities encouraged many African-American men and women to relocate. Black Americans

also moved to southern cities, such as Birmingham and Mobile, which grew into important

military manufacturing centers. Those shifts from one part of the country to other parts led to

other changes. People from different backgrounds came in contact with and worked with one

another. Those experiences made black Americans determined to resist racial discrimination.

Although the U.S. government denounced Nazi racism overseas, white Americans maintained

their own racist system of inequality and violence against black citizens. In many parts of the

country, African-Americans were denied the right to vote. They attended segregated and inferior

By Eric Arnesen, Cricket Media on 10.26.18Word Count 948Level MAX

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schools. They faced discrimination or exclusion from branches of the military and certain jobs.

And for some black workers, high unemployment and low wages remained.

The contradiction angered African-Americans. They demanded that the nation live up to its

highest ideals. The Pittsburgh Courier, a black weekly newspaper, launched a "Double V"

campaign in 1942. It called for "victory over our enemies from without" — the Germans and the

Japanese — and "victory over our enemies from within" — American racism. Black Americans took

those words seriously. They strongly supported the war effort and they also engaged in protests

against racial injustice at home.

A. Philip Randolph led the way. He was the president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, a

black labor organization. For decades, Randolph had challenged racial inequality. In September

1940, Randolph was part of a delegation that met with President Franklin D. Roosevelt and

demanded that the president end segregation in the armed forces. Roosevelt did not act.

In January 1941, Randolph decided to take a more forceful approach. He proposed a massive

march on Washington, D.C., to "wake up and shock official Washington as it has never been

shocked before." He first suggested that 10,000 people would participate but later revised that

number to 100,000 marchers preparing to descend on the nation's capital. Randolph insisted that

black Americans wanted an equal role in the war. They wanted to help defend the country, but, he

explained, there "can be no national unity where one-tenth of the population are denied their basic

rights as American citizens."

To put pressure on the government, Randolph created the March on Washington Movement. It

brought African-Americans together to work toward a simple goal. It asked the government to end

segregation in all branches of the armed forces. It also demanded an end to discrimination in

defense industries receiving federal contracts. "Let us tear the mask of hypocrisy from America's

Democracy!" Randolph insisted.

The Roosevelt Administration grew concerned about the potential for unrest. An outbreak of

violence during the march would embarrass the government. The president pressured Randolph

and other black leaders to cancel their protest. They refused.

Then Roosevelt compromised. He signed Executive Order 8802 a week before the march was

scheduled to take place. The order declared "there shall be no discrimination in the employment of

workers in defense industries or Government because of race, creed, color or national origin." It

created a five-person Fair Employment Practice Committee (FEPC). The FEPC was set up to make

sure that employers, labor unions and the government observed the new policy of

nondiscrimination. The FEPC investigated complaints and was authorized to take steps to correct

problems.

Randolph considered it a victory. He called off the march, declaring that the executive order was

the "greatest thing for Negroes since the Emancipation Proclamation." But it wasn't. The FEPC

made a difference, but it possessed little actual power. Employers and unions often ignored its

orders. A year later, black employment in defense industries had increased, but the FEPC did not

eliminate discrimination.

The executive order also ignored one of the march's main demands — the desegregation of the

armed forces. Randolph threatened to organize another march in 1943. Roosevelt issued Executive

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Order 9346 to strengthen the powers and mission of the FEPC. But the armed forces remained

segregated.

Nearly 1 million black soldiers fought in the war. Fighting in separate, all-black units, they served

with distinction. Yet, they confronted hostility and violence in the United States and from white

U.S. soldiers abroad. Black veterans returning from overseas joined the ranks of civilian protesters

in significant numbers. They had put their lives on the line to fight for freedom that was denied to

them in their own country. They were ready to fight for a true democracy in the United States.

In the end, black activists threatened another civil disobedience campaign in 1948. It prompted

action by the U.S. government. President Harry S. Truman issued Executive Order 9981. That

order finally demanded the integration of the armed forces.

Despite some progress, no quick or permanent resolution was found to all the issues raised by

African-American protesters in the 1940s. Job discrimination continued. Black citizens were still

denied the right to vote in the South. Equal justice before the law did not exist. Instances of racial

violence broke out frequently. Black Americans were attacked and persecuted based on their skin

color. Black activists continued their protests well into the postwar years.

The story of the modern civil rights movement often begins with the Montgomery Bus Boycott in

1955. But the protests during World War II demonstrate that the movement's roots stretch further

back. The civil rights movement, in many ways, rested on the foundation of protest that began on

the home front during World War II.

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Quiz

1 Based on the article, what experience made African-Americans determined to resist racial discrimination?

(A) The U.S. government ended segregation in all branches of the armed forces.

(B) The United States found fault with Nazi racism while allowing racism to continue in the U.S.

(C) President Franklin D. Roosevelt welcomed African-American marchers to Washington, D.C.

(D) African Americans had the right to vote in the South, but equal justice before the law did not exist.

2 Which sentence from the article would be MOST important to include in a summary of the article?

(A) As the nation prepared for war, better paying factory and manufacturing jobs became available in theNorth and on the coasts.

(B) And for some black workers, high unemployment and low wages remained.

(C) Roosevelt issued Executive Order 9346 to strengthen the powers and mission of the FEPC.

(D) The civil rights movement, in many ways, rested on the foundation of protest that began on the homefront during World War II.

3 Based on the article, what MOST informed the decision of A. Philip Randolph to organize a march to "wake up" Washington,D.C.?

(A) President Franklin D. Roosevelt had pressured black leaders into silence.

(B) President Harry S. Truman did not end racism in the American South.

(C) President Harry S. Truman ended the segregation of the armed forces.

(D) President Franklin D. Roosevelt did not end segregation in the armed forces.

4 Which statement is a CENTRAL idea of the article?

(A) Protests planned by black activists during World War II drew more than 100,000 marchers toWashington.

(B) Black activists planned protests during and after World War II to try to end racial injustice in the military.

(C) The FEPC made a difference for some workers, but employers and unions often ignored its orders.

(D) People usually say the modern civil rights movement started with the Montgomery Bus Boycott of 1955.

5 Based on article, what is the connection between the March on Washington Movement and the civil rights movement?

(A) Both movements began with Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955.

(B) The March on Washington Movement followed a pattern established by the civil rights movement.

(C) The roots of the civil rights movement may be traced back to the March on Washington Movement.

(D) The civil right movement inspired the civil disobedience of the March on Washington Movement.

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6 The author claims that the planned protests of Randolph and other activists were an effective way to get the government'sattention.

How effectively does the author support this claim?

(A) Effectively; the author explains that concerns that the protests would embarrass the governmentprompted presidents to sign multiple executive orders.

(B) Effectively; the author describes the surprise that Randolph felt when he realized the large number ofmarchers preparing to protest in the nation's capital.

(C) Ineffectively; the author suggests that Roosevelt was willing to make an initial compromise withRandolph even before he learned about the protests.

(D) Ineffectively; the author acknowledges that the Fair Employment Practice Committee was an ineffectiveorganization that held little actual power.

7 Based on the article, how did the March on Washington Movement affect the armed forces?

(A) African-American leaders organized three marches before the government desegregated the army in1948.

(B) Due to the first march, President Franklin D. Roosevelt ended segregation in the armed forces.

(C) A. Philip Randolph threatened to march in 1943, so the government ended segregation in the armedforces.

(D) The march stopped the pursuit by African-Americans of fair and equal treatment in the armed forces.

8 The author claims that African-Americans were frustrated with the contradiction between the U.S. actions against Nazi racismand the continuing racism they experienced in America.

How does the author support this claim?

(A) with comparisons between the laws of Nazi Germany and the laws in the United States

(B) with specific examples of systemic racism and quotes from A. Philip Randolph

(C) with anecdotes from soldiers about their individual experiences overseas

(D) with evidence that most Americans were unaware that racism existed at home