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Chek Lap Kok Airport Hong Kong, China 1992 – 1998 GROUP - 2 ADARSH S FT164094 NAKUL T M FT164094 SREEJITH N FT164094 VAISAKH S FT164094

Hong Kong International AIrport

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Page 1: Hong Kong International AIrport

Chek Lap Kok AirportHong Kong, China 1992 – 1998

GROUP - 2

ADARSH S FT164094

NAKUL T M FT164094

SREEJITH N FT164094

VAISAKH S FT164094

Page 2: Hong Kong International AIrport

Table of Contents

1. PROJECT CHARTER...............................................................................................................................3

2. PROJECT SCOPE...................................................................................................................................4

2.1 DELIVERABLES..............................................................................................................................4

2.2 BOUNDARIES AND CONSTRAINTS................................................................................................4

2.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROACH..................................................................................................5

2.4 CONSTRAINTS..............................................................................................................................5

3. RISKS (FORESEEN AND UNFORSEEN)...................................................................................................5

3.1 FORESEEN RISKS..........................................................................................................................5

3.2 UNFORESEEN RISKS.....................................................................................................................6

4. HINDSIGHT VIEWS...............................................................................................................................6

Page 3: Hong Kong International AIrport

1. PROJECT CHARTER

Project Name HKIA constructionPrepared by Group 2Date 10-Oct-15

InitiationHong Kong International AirportStart Date : April 1991

Synopsis

Hong Kong is a city in southeastern China, it was a former British colony. Hongkong is very Vibrant and densely populated. It has one of the major ports in Asia and also popular as a global financial center.

Purpose

Chek Lap Kok Airport was designed as a replacement for the former Hong Kong International Airport (commonly known as Kai Tak Airport) originally built in 1925. The old airport was built in the densely populated Kowloon district and had only a single runway. The location also restircted any scope of expansion. Kai Tak was one of the world's busiest airports by 1990's, far exceeding its annual passenger and cargo capacities. Other reasons for constructing a new airport included sound pollution and air traffic delays owing to congestion in the airport and lack of sufficent parking bays.

Scope and acceptance

The scope covers the construction of a 35 million passenger capacity world class airport capable of handling next generation aircrafts and ever growing cargo transport, Lantau Link bridge, North Lantau Expressway, Route 3 highway, Western Harbour crossing under water tunnel and rail networks that connect the air port to the city that has be completed in a time frame of 7 years.

Project Description\ Deliverables

A new airport capable of handling 35 million passengers a year in its first phase. The airport would be connected to the mainland by • a high-speed rail system• two tunnels• two bridges• a six-lane expressway

Page 4: Hong Kong International AIrport

Project Management

Client : Hong Kong Airport Authority Collaborating Architect : Anthony Ng Architects Ltd. (Ground Transportation Centre only)

Structural Engineer : Ove Arup and Partners/Mott Connell Quantity Surveyor : WT Partnership Landscape Architect : Urbis Travers Morgan Ltd. Lighting Engineer : Fisher Marantz Renfro Stone

Additional Consultants : Urbis Travers Morgan Ltd., Fisher Marantz Renfro Stone, O'Brien-Kreizberg and Associates Ltd, Wilbur Smith Associates, BAA, Mott Connell Ltd

Resources

• 45000 men• 600 million tons of rocks• 750 trucks in operations everyday

2. PROJECT SCOPEThe scope of this mega engineering project is the construction of a 35 million passenger capacity airport capable of handling next generation aircrafts and ever growing cargo transport. The project aims at creating a new body of land 50 acres in size in between two islands to create the airport and the systems of road and high speed railway network that connects the new airport to down town Hong Kong.

2.1 DELIVERABLES

I. A world class airportII. Connection from city to Airport

a. Lantau Link bridgeb. North Lantau Expresswayc. Route 3 highwayd. Western Harbour crossing under water tunnel e. Superfast rail networks that connect the air port to the city

Page 5: Hong Kong International AIrport

2.2 BOUNDARIES AND CONSTRAINTS

Land for construction of new Airport needed to be identified as no space was available in the mainland.

The two islands identified as the potential construction site comprised of hilly terrains that needed to be converted to flat terrains in order to enable construction

The bridges built needed to withstand heavy crosswinds and other unforeseen natural forces

The project on an average should be completed within 7 years time frame as the lease agreement of the city of Hong Kong between Britain and China ends on this timeline.

2.3 ASSUMPTIONS AND APPROACH Standard construction and development process utilized in Chek Lap Kok Airport Approach

1) Collection of data defining the required specifications of the Airport2) Identifying the location for construction of the airport.3) Submission and approval of the construction plans.4) Estimating the risks and their probabilities of affecting the construction.4) Estimating the time required for the construction and the time avilable on hand.5) Scheduling the activities with respect to the timeframe of 7 years allocated.6) Executing these activities as per the plans.7) Conducting extensive tests on the airport and acquiring the required safety standards.8) Handing over the completed airport to the authorities.

3. RISKS (FORESEEN AND UNFORSEEN)

3.1 FORESEEN RISKS The new airport site had to be connected with mainland with the help

of 22 miles of express highways , tunnels and bridges. Large man-made island had to be created by connecting small

islands for the airport site.It had to be nailed to the foundation to save it from ocean tides which could push the terminal off its foundation.

A set of mountainous terrain, 16 miles from down town was selected. The mountains had to be removed resulting in 200 million tons of rocks removal by large earth movers.

Prolonged exposure to air and noise pollution from the project can cause health problems . These health problems include higher carcinogenic risk,increasing respiratory and cardiovascular disease rates, higher possible hearing loss.

Page 6: Hong Kong International AIrport

The airport was susceptible to Typhoons and tidal winds which could be up to 200 miles per hour.The construction plan accounted for this risk, As a result of which the airport had minimal damages

3.2 UNFORESEEN RISKS Issues with the database resulted in huge aircraft delays, planes

taking off with wrong luggages. Multiple sub contractors were responsible for each mishap and technical glitch.The reason being that the organization chart was complex with multiple responsibility paths.o t

According to the initial construction plan, two tunnels were supposed to be built.But the high channel depth and possible interference from ships during construction made the engineers to reconsider the plan.The alternate option suggested to mitigate this risk was to construct a suspension bridge.

The suspension bridge was also a risky proposal. The bridge had high chances of being affected by crosswinds. This risk was mitigated by the creation of a computer model to simulate the motion of the bridge.The result was used to modify the bridge to a double decker structure, thus increasing the weight and capacity of the bridge hence making it more stable against natural disasters along with additional advantage of more traffic load.

4. HINDSIGHT VIEWS