Honors Biology Carbohydrates. Objectives Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms...
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Honors Biology Carbohydrates. Objectives Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis transforms light energy into stored chemical energy. Construct and
Objectives Use a model to illustrate how photosynthesis
transforms light energy into stored chemical energy. Construct and
revise an explanation based on evidence for how carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen from sugar molecules may combine with other elements to
form amino acids and/or other large carbon-based molecules. Use a
model to illustrate that cellular respiration is a chemical process
whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken
and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net
transfer of energy.
Slide 3
Atoms
Slide 4
Recall: Macromolecules BIG biological molecules Made of smaller
parts Monomers Carbon-based (organic) Carbohydrates Nucleic acids
Proteins Lipids
Slide 5
Carbohydrates Monomer: monosaccharide Used for: Short term
energy Structural support Cell tags (antennae) Examples: Fun fact:
many carbohydrates have names that end in -ose
How do we get carbohydrates? Photosynthesis Creates glucose (C
6 H 12 O 6 ) from CO 2, H 2 O and sunlight Reactants Products
Slide 11
Why does life depend on photosynthesis? Autotrophs are the
basis of all Earths ecosystems Provide food for all organisms
(directly and indirectly) Provide O 2 and remove CO 2 from
atmosphere
Slide 12
How does photosynthesis happen? The Details: Series of 2
reactions: Light Dependent Reactions Location: chloroplast Purpose:
harvest solar energy to prepare to make sugars Events: chlorophyll
absorbs light, H 2 O is split, O 2 is released Calvin Cycle
Location: chloroplast Purpose: make sugars Events: CO 2 is
incorporated into C 6 H 12 O 6 with H from H 2 O
Slide 13
Cellular Respiration
Slide 14
How do we get energy? From eating.unless you are a plant,
right? Not so fast Glucose (and other macromolecules) is not usable
energy for cells Glucose must be converted to usable energy
(ATP)
Slide 15
ATP Adenosine triphosphate Molecule that is usable energy for
cells Energy is found in bonds between phosphate groups
Slide 16
ATP = Lifes Battery ATP is a rechargeable molecule Energy
releasing reaction: ATP loses a P Adenosine diphosphate is left
(ADP) Energy is released for cellular use Energy storing reaction:
P is reattached to ADP using energy from food ATP is made again
Energy is stored for next time cell needs it
Slide 17
How do we make ATP? Cellular respiration Converts energy from
glucose into ATP Now cells can do work!
Slide 18
Why does life depend on cellular respiration? Cells cant use
glucose as it is, must have ATP to function This includes plant
cells! All cells must go through cellular respiration
Slide 19
How does cellular respiration happen? The Details: Series of 3
reactions: Glycolysis Location: cytoplasm Purpose: begin breakdown
of C 6 H 12 O 6 Events: C 6 H 12 O 6 is split, 2 ATP made (glyco =
sugar; -lysis = break) Krebs Cycle Location: mitochondria Purpose:
continue breakdown of C 6 H 12 O 6 Events: CO 2 is released, 2 ATP
made Electron Transport Chain Location: mitochondria Purpose:
complete breakdown of, C 6 H 12 O 6 make ATP Events: O 2 is used, H
2 O is formed, 32-34 ATP is made
Slide 20
Aerobic Respiration Cellular respiration with oxygen Produces
36-38 ATP per glucose
Slide 21
Anaerobic Respiration Cellular respiration without oxygen Much
less efficient at converting glucose to ATP Occurs in 2 steps: 1.
Glycolysis 2. Lactic Acid Fermentation (animals) OR Alcoholic
Fermentation (plants)
Slide 22
Lactic Acid Fermentation Animals Some bacteria, some fungus
Lactic acid is produced Why muscles are sore after a hard
workout
Slide 23
Alcohol Fermentation Plants Some bacteria, some fungus Ethanol,
CO 2 produced How yeast makes bread rise How alcoholic beverages
are produced
