Hormones of Thyroid and Parathyroid

Gland

The Thyroid Gland

Thyroid Gland

Hormones of thyroid gland regulate the metabolism of the body

Also effect the growth and development of the body

The only endocrine gland in the body that is capable of storing appreciable amount of hormone

Thyroid glands contains the element iodine

Hormones of the Thyroid Glands

Triiodothyronine (T3) and the Thyroxine (T4)

T3 is the major active form of the thyroid hormone and 3-5

times as biologically active as T4

Calcitonin- produce by the C cells in the thyroid gland

Prevents the blood calcium ion concentration in the body from rising above the required level

Thyroxine

Hypothyroidism Condition in which thyroid gland does not manufacture

sufficient thyroxine for the body’s need Usually cause by lack of iodine in the diet It may also due to a disease of the thyroid gland

Symptoms

Sluggishness, weight gain, slower heart beat ,reduced metabolic rate ,and loss of appetite

Cretinism If the thyroid gland fail to develop in an infant, in individual

is called cretin. Cretins have greatly retarded growth, both physically and

mentally They usually abnormal dwarves w/ coarse hair, thick dry

skin abd are obese with protruding abdomens

They are also underdeveloped mentally and sexually.

If thyroid gland atrophy after individual reaches adulthood, same symptoms in cretinism except individual remains adult size

Person’s with Cretinism

Simple Goiter Also called colloid goiter or endemic goiter Condition which thyroid gland enlarges, usually because

lack of iodine in the diet Decreased production of Thyroid hormone causes an

increased production of TSH Accompanied by an increase in the colloid material in the

thyroid gland and also an increase in the size of the neck

Simple goiter affects more females than males Hashimoto’s disease -type hypothyroidism in which all

aspect of thyroid function may be impaired

Person with Goiter

Hyperthyroidism Occurs when the thyroid gland produces excess thyroxine

Symptoms: Incresed in metabolic rate, bulging of the eye, nervousness,

loss of weight,a rapid irregular heartbeat and elevated body temperature.

Hyperthyroidism may also due to a tumor in the thyroid gland

Hormones of the Parathyroid Gland

The Parathyroid Gland

Hormones of the Parathyroid Gland

Parathyroid hormone-influences the metabolism of calcium and phosphorus in the body

Parathyroid gland cannot store this hormone, so the hormone is synthesized and secreted continuously

Hypoparathyroidism-surgical removal of the parathyroid gland

Symptoms-muscular weakness, irritability and tetany Symptoms of hypoparathyroidism can be treated with

Vitamin D or calcium salts or both

Hyperparathyroidism An increase in the production of hormones by the

parathyroid gland Usually cause by tumor of those gland (parathyroid

adenoma) Symptoms-decalcification of the bones, deformation and

fracture of the bones, nausea and polyuria Hyperparathyroidism is usually treated by the surgical

removal of the tumor of the parathyroid gland