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8/6/2019 Horn of Africa Emergency
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Crisis in the Horn o AricaHumanitarian Action Update, July 2011
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Crisis in the Horn of Africa 1
The countries that make up the Horn o Arica are acing a severe crisis
due to a deadly combination o drought, escalating ood prices and armed
conict. Together, these actors have triggered one o the most signifcantreugee outows to Kenya and Ethiopia in more than a decade.
Erratic and insufcient rainall trends throughout the region have led to
reduced water supplies, disappearing arable land and severe ood insecurity
in a number o areas. The regions pastoral communitiesoten its poorest
and most vulnerable populationsare at increasingly high risk due to these
successive natural shocks and underdevelopment.
High ood prices and prolonged drought are worsening an already dire
situation or countless amilies in need o ood and water. Thousands o
amilies are crossing the border rom Somalia as emergency eeding centers
are being set up by UNICEF and other humanitarian agencies in neighboringcountries. Some 10,000 reugees are arriving weekly in Dadaab reugee
camp, on the border between Somalia and Kenya.
In a region accustomed to severe drought, this crisis is being called the
worst in 50 years. Countries most seriously aected are Kenya, Somalia,
Ethiopia, and Djibouti. In all, the crisis threatens the livelihoods o some
10 million people.
UNICEFs top priority is to prevent death and malnutrition in the aected
population, particularly among the most vulnerable groups: inants, children,
pregnant women and breast-eeding mothers. UNICEF estimates that
over 2 million young children across the Horn o Arica are malnourishedand urgently need liesaving actions. Hal a million o those children ace
imminent threats to their survival, with long lasting consequences to their
physical and mental development.
The consequences o disease or already weakened young children are
o particular concern, and UNICEF is racing to set up child immunization
campaigns. UNICEF, government agencies, NGOs and other UN agencies
will be working in the vital areas o water, ood, health, and sanitation in
the coming days to ward o a massive emergency.
Funding shortalls, however, threaten to disrupt these essential services.
UNICEF is seeking $31,788,131 to provide lie-saving support during the nextthree months to the millions o aected children and women.
UNICEF in Action
UNICEF is directly supporting the rehabilitation o moderately and severely
malnourished children in partnership with government health services,
NGOs and community organizations. Similar partnerships have supported
vital child immunization campaigns, health care outreach, and programs
that ensure access to sae water and improved sanitation, particularly in
camps or reugees and displaced amilies.
Crisis in the Horn o AricaHumanitarian Action Update, July 2011
Cover Photo
Kenya: A Somali woman
and a child wait to register
or ood and other aid in
the Dagahaley reugee
camp in North Eastern
Province, near the
Kenya-Somalia border.
The camp is among three
that comprise the Dadaab
camps, located on the
outskirts o the town o
Dadaab in Garissa District.
UNICEF/Kate Holt
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Crisis in the Horn of Africa 2
Full unding will allow UNICEF to ensure that the regions most vulnerable
women and children will:
Receive treatment for severe acute malnutrition through the
provision of Ready- to-Use-Therapeutic Food (RUTF) such as
PlumpyNut at community level or at therapeutic eeding centers;
Gain access to clean water through the repair of pumping
stations, digging o boreholes, chlorination o water
sources, and water trucking;
Receive vaccines against measles, polio and other
deadly diseases; and
Resume schooling through the provision of temporary
learning spaces and School-in-a-Box kits.
While UNICEF concentrates its current eorts on immediate needs, it will
also equally commit to viable, longer-term pro-child approaches in the entire
region to ensure that this kind o crisis never happens again.
The Situation in Somalia
Immediate Needs: $9,364,631
As the humanitarian crisis in Somalia continues to deepen, the country
aces one o the most severe ood security crises in the world. This is
especially true in the south, where humanitarian organizations have not
had sufcient access to prevent urther deterioration o the situation and
where need is now greatest. Since the beginning o 2011, tens o thousands
o Somalis have ed into neighboring Ethiopia and Kenya. The continuing
catastrophe is now aecting 2.85 million people, an increase o nearly
20 percent since January.
In southern Somalia, the lack o ood or general distribution is a major
threat to child survival and one o the main reasons so many amilies
are leaving or Kenya and Ethiopia. Among Somali children in the reugeecamps, particularly the new arrivals, an acute malnutrition rate o up to
40 percent has been reported.
UNICEF remains one o the largest service providers in Somalia. With its
unrivaled access and inuence, UNICEF leads the nutrition; education;
and water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) clusters, as well as the child
protection sub-cluster. UNICEF Somalia is responding to meet the pressing
needs o children and women by engaging with government, UN agencies
and NGO partners to maximize the use o resources already on the ground.
Despite serious ongoing challenges to access, UNICEF has ully activated its
emergency response to scale up interventions in the south, and negotiationsor authorization and security clearance to now-inaccessible areas o the
south are underway.
Under severe conditions, UNICEF, along with 100 national and international
partners, continues to implement the great majority o the overall response,
especially in the south. These eorts include:
Cash transfers for the most vulnerable families to
improve access to ood;
SOM
ALIA
ETHIOPIA
Mogadishu
KENYA
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Crisis in the Horn of Africa 4
Given the extreme crisis in the Dadaab camp, UNICEF has responded to a
request from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees to assist
with technical oversight, logistics support and therapeutic eeding supplies
or the Dadaab camp. With UNICEF providing 100 percent o therapeutic
oods, the nutrition section is bringing in a ull-time surge capacity ofcer to
be based in Dadaab to provide technical support.
Population movements and ood scarcity are linked to greater risk o
disease. UNICEF has already responded to polio and measles outbreaks
in the drought-prone areas by organizing three rounds o polio and one
round o measles immunization campaigns. In addition, emergency medical
supplies have been distributed in several aected areas. As part o a high-
impact integrated health response, planning is underway or a July 2011
launch o a special measles campaign, including deworming and vitamin A
supplementation, in drought-aected districts and in the Dadaab camp.
For the duration o the crisis, UNICEF will bring onboard additional surge
sta dedicated to WASH cluster coordination. The UNICEF WASH sector
is engaging with the UNs High Commissioner for Refugees to support the
provision o clean water in host communities and in the Dadaab camp, and
to strengthen partnerships in Marsabit and Wajir or drilling new boreholes
and maintaining existing water points.
UNICEF Kenya is seeking more than $9.3 million over the next three months
to respond to the needs o children.The Situation in Ethiopia
Immediate Needs: $10,053,500
The number o Ethiopians in need o emergency ood assistance increased
rom 2.8 million at the beginning o 2011 to 3.2 million by April. The
combined eects o drought, ood price increases, and insufcient
resources or preventive measures have resulted in increased malnutrition
among children. During the frst fve months o 2011, increased admission
rates o acutely malnourished children into Therapeutic Feeding Program
sites were reported. In total, UNICEF estimates that 312,740 severely
Addis Ababa
SOM
ALIA
ETHIOPIA
SUDAN
KENYA
Photo
Kenya: A Somali boy is
fngerprinted as part oregistration procedures
in the Io reugee camp in
North Eastern Province,
near the Kenya-Somalia
border. UNICEF/
Kate Holt
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Crisis in the Horn of Africa 5
malnourished children will require lie-saving nutrition treatment in
2011. This represents a 33 percent increase rom projections made at
the beginning o the year.
Since January, the number o reugees rom Somalia into Ethiopia has been
increasing, with current levels estimated at 2,500 reugees per day being
registered by UNHCR, which reports the pre-existing refugee caseload
at 110,000. High levels o moderate acute malnutrition and severe acute
malnutrition are reported among this population.
UNICEF Ethiopia has increased its nutritional surveillance in the drought-
aected areas and continues to support the governments emergency
nutrition coordination unit. To increase awareness o the nutrition situation
and the need or additional resources, UNICEF advocated with both ederal
and regional government ofcials and convened donors and partners. To
enhance access to basic social services or the conict-aected areas o
eastern Ethiopia, UNICEF supported our new mobile health and nutrition
teams to supplement the existing 20 teams supported by UNICEF and
18 supported by NGOs.
From January to April, 460 additional Therapeutic Feeding Program sites
were established, bringing the total number to 8,105 sites. Between Januaryand April, 78,100 severely malnourished children were treated across the
nations six emergency drought-aected regions, and 85,353 cartons o
RUTF were dispatched to vulnerable areas.
In terms o WASH activities, UNICEF and its partners provided nearly
560,000 people with sae drinking water. Additionally, 48 health centers
and 18 schools have each been equipped with enough WASH supplies to
beneft 250,000 people.
Priority emergency activities or the second hal o 2011 include:
Continuous support to the mobile health teams in
the Somali and Aar regions;
A comprehensive nutrition response;
The resumption of water trucking in drought-affected
areas o the Somali and Oromiya regions; and
Preparations for potential outbreaks of diarrhea.
UNICEF Ethiopia requires more than $10 million to carry out these activities
over the next three months.
The Situation in Djibouti
Immediate Needs: $1,970,000Childhood illnesses are oten linked to consumption o insufcient or
unsae water, and these risks are especially acute during an emergency. In
Djibouti, more than 49 percent o people in rural areas do not have access
to a protected source o drinking water, and children are aected by lack o
access to potable water and increased levels o malnutrition.
UNICEF Djibouti is currently leading the sector coordination or WASH and
nutrition, and UNICEF has distributed emergency supplies or children
being treated or malnutrition. At the same time, malnutrition screening and
DJIBOUTI
Djibouti
ETHIOPIA
ERITR
EA
SOMALIA
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Crisis in the Horn of Africa 6
case management has been enhanced throughout the country, covering
70 percent o malnutrition cases. Water trucking has brought sae drinking
water to 25,000 people in 20 localities. Water-management committees
were ormed in 20 rural locales and committee members have been trained
to manage, maintain, and protect the water points.
In addition to the humanitarian results achieved so ar, and to urther reduce
risk and vulnerability among women and children, UNICEF will scale up
its response to priority needs in health, nutrition, and WASH over the next
three months. At the community level, 10,000 children suering rom acutemalnutrition will be screened and those having complications will be treated
at health care facilities with RUTF.
UNICEF Djibouti will also continue to support water trucking to
30 communities in water-scarce areas, reaching approximately
25,000 people. Approximately 20,000 people will gain access to
sae drinking water through the maintenance and repair o 20 motorized
water-pumping stations. Some 30 existing traditional wells will be deepened
and reinorced with concrete and draining platorms beore being
equipped with hand pumps. This will ensure potable water or people in
chronically water-scarce areas, saving lives and preventing water shortages
catastrophic eects, particularly on women and children. UNICEF will also
improve Djiboutis overall immunization coverage by supplying vaccines
and enhancing the cold chain or transporting and storing vaccines.
UNICEF Djibouti is seeking just under $2 million or its short-term activities.
UNICEFs Eastern and Southern Arica Regional Ofce
Immediate Needs: $1,050,000
Focusing on enhancing capacity or strategic planning and advocacy, early
recovery, and inormation management, UNICEFs Eastern and Southern
Africa Regional Ofce (ESARO) will continue providing technical support
to its individual country ofces. In the WASH, nutrition, education, and
child protection sectors, dedicated emergency-support sta will help
Photo
Kenya: Somali children
and women receive
mosquito nets rom aid
workers in the Io reugee
camp near the Kenya-
Somalia border. UNICEF/Kate Holt
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Crisis in the Horn of Africa 7
sustain quality assurance and oversight or cluster leadership and program
implementation. ESARO is seeking $1 million to support this assistance.
UNICEFs Continuing Response
UNICEF is currently doing whatever it takes to prevent another major
humanitarian disaster rom spiraling out o control. We are working with
the international community and donors to ully support the responses
o governments in the region to stabilize the situation through timely and
eective action.
Your support will allow UNICEF and its partners to carry out liesaving
eorts or children and women throughout the areas threatened by the
drought. Therapeutic and supplementary eeding programs will target
malnourished children and women. Mobile health teams will treat drought-
related illnesses, immunize against diseases like measles, and provide
vitamin A supplements to boost childrens vulnerable immune systems.
Water and sanitation assistance will include emergency water trucking to
schools and eeding centers, borehole drilling, and widespread promotion o
sanitation programs to prevent outbreaks o diarrhea and cholera. UNICEF
will also provide educational assistance, including school tents and School-
in-a-Box kits, to drought-aected communities.
The U.S. Fund or UNICEF is grateul or your interest in the children o the
Horn o Arica. On behal o the children o the region, thank you or your
ongoing commitment to our work. Your support helps to ensure UNICEFs
continued fght or child survival.
UNICEF has saved more childrens lives
than any other humanitarian organization
in the world. Working in over 150 countries,
UNICEF provides children with health
care, clean water, nutrition, education,
emergency relie, and more. The U.S. Fund
or UNICEF supports UNICEFs work through
undraising, advocacy, and education
in the United States.
UNICEF is at the oreront o eorts to
reduce child mortality worldwide. In just
two decades, the number o children under
age fve dying each day has been cut by
one-third. But still, 22,000 children die each
day rom preventable causes. Our mission is
to do whatever it takes to make that number
zero by giving children the essentials or
a sae and healthy childhood. For more
inormation, visit www.uniceusa.org.
U.S. Fund or UNICEF
125 Maiden Lane
New York, NY 10038
1.800.4UNICEF
www.uniceusa.org
To Donate
Visit
www.uniceusa.org
Call
1.800.FOR. KIDS
U.S. Fund or UNICEF125 Maiden Lane
New York, NY 10038